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Urbanization: Opportunities and Challenges
Tianjin Eco-City Cleantech Focus
Mark L. Clifford
Executive Director, Asia Business Council
September 28, 2010
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The future of Asia lies within its cities
About half of the world’s most populous cities are located in Asia
By 2030, more than half of the world’s urban populations will live in Asian cities
China has 236 cities with more than 500,000 residents
80% of the future economic growth of the developing world will come from its cities
0
20
40
60
80
100
Korea Malaysia Taiwan China Indonesia Vietnam India
Urban Population as % of Total Population 1990
2009
3
Asian economies are rapidly urbanizing
+7.7
+3.8 +10.1
+12.2 +20.2
+8.5 +12.6
Sources: Country sources, Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2009 (United Nations ESCAP),
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/Key_Indicators/2010/Part-III.asp
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Urbanization presents many challenges…
Demand for Better Buildings
Increasing Electricity
Demand and Shortages
Water Scarcity and
Cleanliness
Air Pollution
Traffic Congestion
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…But also new business opportunities
Green Buildings
Electricity Management and
Energy Efficiency
Waste Water Treatment
Pollution Control
Transportation and Mobility
Other Opportunities
Green Buildings
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Green Buildings Are Key to Asia’s Future
Green building are the
cheapest, quickest way that
Asian countries can improve
energy efficiency
Green buildings cost only
slightly more than conventional
buildings (typically 0-4%) and
often have a more rapid payback
than expected
Experience will bring costs
down and increase efficiency
gains
8
Buildings emit one third of the world’s energy
Buildings use 30%-plus of
all primary energy in the
world
Energy use in one ordinary
18-story high rise in
Singapore or Hong Kong has
greenhouse gas emissions
equivalent to 900 cars
Efficient buildings enhance
energy security and
sustainability
9
The Zuellig Building to save 15% of energy
and 47% of water usage
33-story high rise in Makati
City in Manila scheduled for
completion in 2011
Energy-saving technologies
Daylight dimming system
Carbon dioxide sensors in
occupied areas
Variable speed drives for chilled
water pumps
Water-saving technologies
Selection of efficient fittings
and fixtures
System to capture rain and
condensate water
Water-saving surface materials
State-of-the-art drainage and
irrigation systems
Electricity Management and Energy
Efficiency
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Electricity shortages will affect Asia in the
future
In developing Asian
economies, demand for
electricity has been
increasing 2.4% annually,
more than double the global
rate
Asian cities are expected
to see more serious
electricity shortages over
the next 25 years
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Korean Smart Grid to reduce 200 million tons
of greenhouse gases by 2030
Smart grid technology
A smart grid uses digital technology to communicate with
facilities and appliances to understand usage patterns,
thus delivering energy more efficiently
Smart grid market is estimated at about $15-20 billion
today, and rising to $120 billion annually by 2030
On Jeju Island, south of Seoul, the Korean government
will construct smart grid infrastructure and then connect
buildings, transportation systems, and renewable energy
sources to the grid
The Korean government has teamed up with Samsung, SK
Group, and LG Electronics to provide power delivery
systems that can save energy
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Functions of Korea’s Smart Grid
Variable pricing based on
demand reduces electricity
consumption
Smart meters provide
guidance to consumers on
energy usage
Information and
communications technologies
(ICT) sensors allow
utilities to monitor the
grid system in order to
improve control of the
electric distribution grid
Image Source: buildaroo.com, http://buildaroo.com/news/article/south-korea-nationwide-smart-grid/
Waste and Water Treatment
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Asia suffers from low per capita availability of
fresh water and high pollution
More than 1 billion people in
Asia have inadequate access to
clean water
By 2030, Asia faces a 40% gap
between water demand and supply
In China, less than 40% of
municipal waste water is treated
16 of the world’s 20 most
polluted cities are in China
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Hitachi’s wastewater treatment
Hitachi’s Plant Technologies
Division and two cities in
Japan began selling treated
sewage water to the water-
scarce city of Perth,
Australia
The treated sewage water was
sent to Australia as ballast
for shipping instead of sea
water, where it was used in
industrial processes instead
of drinking water
Saves energy, reduces waste,
and creates a valuable
international commodity
Image Source: http://www.fastcompany.com/1669912/hitachi-and-schwarzenegger-solutions-for-a-thirsty-planet
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Turning waste into cement
Taiheiyo’s eco-cement
Japan’s largest cement company burns urban waste such as
incinerator ash and sewage sludge during the cement
manufacturing process
The process removes environment-polluting dioxins and
recovers useful metals to create eco-cement
Eco-cement has helped to reduce landfills, prevent the
depletion of natural mineral resources, and reduce air
pollution
Calera’s green cement
Calera combines carbon dioxide with seawater or
groundwater brine to make cement. By turning carbon into
building materials for pavement, the manufacturing process
would be carbon-negative
Viable without subsidies or legislation
Transportation and Mobility
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Asia is facing increasing traffic congestion
The number of vehicles in Asia
is expected to increase from
150 million in 2000 to 350
million by 2020
In the period 2005-2030, more
than half of the world’s
increase in fuel consumption
will come from transportation
In the same period, transport-
related carbon dioxide
emissions are expected to
increase 57%, with developing
Asian countries contributing
80% of the increase
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ERP in Singapore
Electronic Road Pricing
(ERP) charges vehicles for
driving into the city
center during peak transit
hours
Implemented in 1998
Road traffic has decreased
by 25,000 vehicles per day
Average road speed has
increased by 20%
Image Source: US Department of Transportation, http://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08039/cp_prim1_03.htm
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Private Involvement in ERP
Cisco
• The internet business solutions group worked with the Seoul
government to develop a smart transportation pricing engine that
implements "pay as you drive" pricing that reflects real driving distances
and vehicles’ environmental impact rather than flat fees
Steria Asia
• An innovation center in Singapore has produced applications such as
the e-TrafficScan system, which provides drivers with real-time
information about their speeds on major roads
ST Electronics
• The electronic systems house provides a fully automated toll-collection
system, improving traffic flow and increasing driver safety
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Other Business Opportunities
Education and Training
• Businesses can develop
corporate centers to train
employees or set up private
universities
• Other opportunities to engage
local universities to design
specific programs oriented
toward developing
employment skills
• Will increase local worker
quality at a lower cost and
larger scale than sending
people overseas for training
Connectivity and Consumer
Behavior
• By 2011, Asia will contain
more than half of the world’s
mobile connections
• Commercial opportunities for
businesses to embed services
and applications into a variety
of consumer devices like
mobile phones, computers,
and household appliances so
that they can predict and
respond to consumer needs
Development and Preservation
• 280 million urban dwellers in
East and Southeast Asia live in
the slums
• Businesses can attract
workers and consumers to
cities where they have
operations by financing and
developing larger scale
metropolitan projects and
redeveloping existing
neighborhoods to build
residential capacity
Summary
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The future of Asia lies in its
cities
Urban growth in Asia creates
many problems, but also many
business opportunities
Opportunities in the areas of
green buildings, electricity,
water treatment, pollution, and
transportation will continue to
expand as urban populations
increase
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For more information, please see the
Asia Business Council’s website:
www.AsiaBusinessCouncil.org
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