use of indigofera zollingeriana as forage protein - dairy asia
Post on 09-Feb-2022
3 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Use of Indigofera zollingeriana as Forage Protein Source in Dairy Goat Ration
L. Abdullah, D. Apriastuti & T. Apdini
Bogor Agricultural University
Indonesia
Introduction
– High price on-farm US $ 2,55-3,06 per liter
– Feed cost-milk price ratio = 1 : 3-4
– Increase farmer income (Rp. 4.215.000/month for 5 lactating does)
– Increase national goat milk population 11.2% within 2005-2007 (DGLAH statistic, 2008)
Economical prospect of dairy goat business in Indonesia
Significant Problem in Dairy Goat Production System
– Milk production still low only 45-73% of genetik potential (average 1.5-1.8 L/day/head)
– Low quality of feed at farmer level
• Based on non perishable local forage (easy to be rot, bulky, difficult to transport)
• Forage protein supply (<7-11%) to low for dairy goat
– Concentrate cost increase high import feed stuffs (for protein source)
Strategic Approach
– Increase supply and use of high quality forage (legume) like Indigofera
– Improve utility value of high quality forage
– Business/industry development for high quality forage, based on local species
High forage production Easy to grow High reproductive High quality forage Drought stress tolerant Improve soil P and N
Indigofera zollingeriana
Nutrition Value of Indigofera Leaf
• Water content: 10-12%
• Crude protein : 27-31%
• Crude fat : 2,9-3,4%
• Crude fiber : 13-14%
• NDF : 47-61%
• ADF : 21-39%
• Cellulose : 11-16%
• Lignin : 10-24%
• Essential amino acid
• TDN : 75%-78%
• IV-DM digestibility : 78-80%
• IV-Protein digestibility : 86,32%
• Condensed Tannin 0,027%
• Saponin : 2,24%
• Ca : 1.78%
• P : 0.34%
• K : 1.42%
• Mg : 0.51%
Indigofera forage production
Parameters Foliar fertilizer application (g/10L)
0 10 20 30 40 50
Forage production (ton
DW/ha/year) 38.6c 43.0 49.8a 51.6a 43.4b 44.4b
Percentage of leaf shoots (%) 16.9b 13.1c 19.3a 20.9a 14.8bc 16.3b
Leaf-stem ratio 2.38b 2.68ab 2.75a 2.93a 2.44b 2.38b
Source : Abdullah et al., 2010
Branching dynamics of Indigofera (Abdullah, 2010)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 2 4 6 8 10
Nu
mb
er
of
acti
ve t
wig
Defoliation (times)
0.75 m 1.00 m 1.50 m
Forage Production Dynamics of Indigofera (Abdullah, 2010)
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Fora
ge p
rod
uct
ion
to
n
(DW
/ha/
har
vest
)
Defoliation (times)
0.75 m
1.00 m
1.50 m
Indigofera leaf is easy to be dried
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Wat
er
con
ten
t (%
)
Drying time (hour)
70oC 55oC 40oC Mth
Pelleted Product INDIGOFEED
Easy feed serving, conserved quality, ease in distribution, efficient storage
Water content of Indigofera leaf after pelleting
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
3 mm 5 mm 8 mm
Wat
er
con
ten
t (%
)
Pellet diameter
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
7 15 30 60
Wat
er
con
ten
t (%
) Storage time (days)
Physical properties of Indigofera leaf pellet
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
2
0 7 15 30 60
De
nsi
ty (
kg/m
3)
Storage time (days)
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.35
3 mm 5 mm 8 mm
De
nsi
ty (
kg/m
3)
Pellet diameter
84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98
100
3 mm 5 mm 8 mm
Du
rab
ility
(%
)
Diameter pelet
92.5 93.0 93.5 94.0 94.5 95.0 95.5 96.0
0 7 15 30 60
Du
rab
ility
(%
)
Diameter pelet
Objectives
• To improve nutrient content of ration at farm level, particularly protein content
• To improve milk production and milk production persistency during a month before dry period
Materials and Method
• 2 groups of does :
– Saanen (third lactation period)
– Etawah cross (2nd lactation period)
• Feeds
– 60% elephant grass + 40% commercial concentrate (CF) daily feed of the farm
– 60% elephant grass + 40% pellet Indigofera leaf (PIF)
• Feeding
– Feeds were given during a month prior end of lactation
Parameters
• Milk production (amonth prior dry period),
• Feed digestibility,
• Feed efficiency and
• Protein use efficiency
Nutrition composition of trial feeds
Feedstuffs CF PIF
Elephant grass (%) 60 60
Commercial concentrate 40 0
Pellet Indigofera 0 40
Total 100% 100%
Dry matter (%) 48.25 48.85
Ash (%) 8.31 7.82
Crude protein (%) 12.76 17.23
Crude fiber (%) 32.01 28.56
Crude fat (%) 2.35 1.91
Non N extract materials 33,94 34,81
TDN 56,98 65,77
Results
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
CF PIF CF PIF
Saanen Etawah Crossbred
Feed DM digestibility (%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
CF PIF CF PIF
Saanen Etawah Crossbred
Feed efficiency (%)
CF = 60% elephant grass + 40% commercial concentrate PIF = 60% elephant grass + 40% pellet Indigofera leaf
Results
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
CF PIF CF PIF
Saanen Etawah Crossbred
Feed conversion (kg feed/L milk)
CF = 60% elephant grass + 40% commercial concentrate PIF = 60% elephant grass + 40% pellet Indigofera leaf
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CF PIF CF PIF
Saanen Etawah Crossbred
Protein use eficiency (%)
Results
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
CF PIF CF PIF
Saanen Etawah Crossbred
Milk production (ml/day) A month prior dry period
CF = 60% elephant grass + 40% commercial concentrate PIF = 60% elephant grass + 40% pellet Indigofera leaf
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
CF PIF CF PIF
Saanen Etawah Crossbred
Feed cost (US $/L milk)
Milk production a moth prior dry period
CF – Etawah cross (k=-0.32)
PIF– Etawah cross (k=3.54)
CF – Saanen (k=-8.57)
PIF– Saanen (k=-2.85)
Conclusions
• Use of Indigofera in dairy goat ration
– Improved nutrition content of does ration
– Improved feed efficiency and
– Reduced feed cost
– Improved milk production and its persistency a month prior to dry period
Microbiological observation on Pellet Indigofera at 30 days storage
Ukuran Pelet
(mm) Jenis mikroba Nama Mikrobes
3 Fungi Rhizopus sp.
5 Aspergillus parasiticus
Rhizopus sp.
Mucor sp.
8 Rhizopus sp.
3 Bakteri
Bacillus sp. & Staphylococcus (TPC
5,6x10-5)
5 Bacillus sp. (TPC 4,8 x 10-5)
8
Bacillus sp. (2 species) TPC 3,6 x
10-4)
top related