using geospatial data to generate one-line diagrams of electrical power systems lia toledo moreira...

Using Geospatial Data to Using Geospatial Data to Generate One-line Diagrams of Generate One-line Diagrams of Electrical Power SystemsElectrical Power Systems

Lia Toledo Moreira Mota, Alexandre de Assis Lia Toledo Moreira Mota, Alexandre de Assis Mota, Wu, Shin-TingMota, Wu, Shin-Ting

School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering

State University of CampinasState University of Campinas

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Topics Power transmission and distribution systemsPower transmission and distribution systems

One-line diagramsOne-line diagrams State-of-the-artState-of-the-art ObjectiveObjective ProposalProposal

ResultsResults Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

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Topics Power transmission and distribution Power transmission and distribution

systemssystems One-line diagramsOne-line diagrams State-of-the-artState-of-the-art ObjectiveObjective ProposalProposal ResultsResults Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

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Power transmission systems

Networks connecting generators and Networks connecting generators and load centersload centers

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Power transmission Power transmission systemssystems

(110 or 220 V)

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Power transmission Power transmission systemssystems

Complex geographically dispersed network

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Topics Power transmission and distribution Power transmission and distribution

systemssystems One-line diagramsOne-line diagrams State-of-the-artState-of-the-art ObjectiveObjective ProposalProposal ResultsResults Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

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One-line diagrams

Power NetworkPower Network

Three-phase networkThree-phase network

One-phase network = One-line diagramOne-phase network = One-line diagram

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[Monticelli, 1999]:[Monticelli, 1999]: Bus section/switching device model:Bus section/switching device model: switching devices-oriented representation switching devices-oriented representation

for supporting decision-makings in fault for supporting decision-makings in fault conditions or maintenance situationsconditions or maintenance situations

Bus/branch model:Bus/branch model: a simplified representation of the bus a simplified representation of the bus

section/switching device modelsection/switching device model

One-line diagrams: two models

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One-line diagrams: two One-line diagrams: two modelsmodels

widely used for studies and analyses

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One-line diagrams: graphOne-line diagrams: graph Bus/Branch model = GraphBus/Branch model = Graph

Nodes: busesNodes: buses Arcs: branchesArcs: branches

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Power transmission Power transmission systemssystems

Complex geographically dispersed network

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Connectivity information -> readable one-line diagram?

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Topics Power transmission and distribution Power transmission and distribution

systemssystems One-line diagramsOne-line diagrams State-of-the-artState-of-the-art ObjectiveObjective ProposalProposal ResultsResults Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

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State-of-the-art CAD systemsCAD systems

Problem: the layout is up to usersProblem: the layout is up to users One-line dedicated drawing algorithms One-line dedicated drawing algorithms

(Ong et al., 2000; add-on package ArcGIS, 2005?)(Ong et al., 2000; add-on package ArcGIS, 2005?) Problem: unsuitable for cyclic graphsProblem: unsuitable for cyclic graphs

Mota’s algorithm (Mota and Morelato, Mota’s algorithm (Mota and Morelato, 2004)2004) Problem: the initial node placement Problem: the initial node placement

configuration is up to users.configuration is up to users.

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Topics Power transmission and distribution Power transmission and distribution

systemssystems One-line diagramsOne-line diagrams State-of-the-artState-of-the-art ObjectiveObjective ProposalProposal ResultsResults Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

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Objective General context:General context: to provide an to provide an

algorithm for generating algorithm for generating readable one-line diagrams readable one-line diagrams from connectivity informationfrom connectivity information

Specifically:Specifically: to improve the to improve the algorithm proposed by Mota et al. algorithm proposed by Mota et al.

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[Mota et al., 2004][Mota et al., 2004] Given: the comfortable length KL, Given: the comfortable length KL,

and the connectivity between the and the connectivity between the buses and branchesbuses and branches

N1 – N2; N2 – N3; N1 – N2; N2 – N3;

N3 – N1N3 – N1

Mota’s algorithm

N2

N3

E2

N1E5

E1

xc2, yc2

xc3, yc3

xc1, yc1

Output:Output: coordinates coordinates

{xc, yc} of each bus{xc, yc} of each bus

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Mota’s algorithm

BusesBuses

Positively charged Positively charged particlesparticles

Principle: to use physically-based Principle: to use physically-based approach for placing the buses in an approach for placing the buses in an

iterative way.iterative way.

BrachesBraches

SpringsSprings

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30 Buses30 Buses 40 Branches40 Branches

Mota’s algorithm: Example

Power systems test case archive: www.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca/

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Mota’s algorithm: Problem

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Topics Power transmission and distribution Power transmission and distribution

systemssystems One-line diagramsOne-line diagrams State-of-the-artState-of-the-art ObjectiveObjective ProposalProposal ResultsResults Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

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Proposal

One-line diagramOne-line diagram

Graph [Mota et al., 2004]Graph [Mota et al., 2004]

Geospatial GraphGeospatial Graph

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Proposal

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Proposal Step 1: Obtain the topology (connections Step 1: Obtain the topology (connections

relations) of the power systems elements (buses relations) of the power systems elements (buses and branches). and branches).

Step 2: Add to this topological information, Step 2: Add to this topological information, geospatial data related with the network geospatial data related with the network elements elements

Step 3: Generate an estimate of the positions of Step 3: Generate an estimate of the positions of the buses on the basis of the geospatial data.the buses on the basis of the geospatial data.

Step 4: Apply the physically-based algorithm Step 4: Apply the physically-based algorithm proposed by Mota et al. to generate a crossing-proposed by Mota et al. to generate a crossing-free one-line diagram.free one-line diagram.

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Proposal

Step 1Step 1 Step 2Step 2

Node 1: Node 1: NorthwestNorthwestNode 2: Node 2: Southwest Southwest Node 3: Node 3: SoutheastSoutheastNode 4: Node 4: SoutheastSoutheast

++Nodes: 1,2,3 and 4Nodes: 1,2,3 and 4Branches: 1-2, Branches: 1-2, 1-3 and 1-41-3 and 1-4

11

2233

44

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Proposal

Step 3Step 3 Step 4Step 422 33

4411

11

2233

44

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Topics Power transmission and distribution Power transmission and distribution

systemssystems One-line diagramsOne-line diagrams State-of-the-artState-of-the-art ObjectiveObjective ProposalProposal ResultsResults Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

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30 Buses30 Buses 40 Branches40 Branches

Results: IEEE 30 Test Case

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Results: Hypothetical geospatial data

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Results

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Results: Brazilian subsystem

58 buses58 buses 64 branches64 branches

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Results: Mota’s algorithm

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Results: Available geospatial data

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Results: First configuration

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Results: Improved algorithm

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Topics Power transmission and distribution Power transmission and distribution

systemssystems One-line diagramsOne-line diagrams State-of-the-artState-of-the-art ObjectiveObjective ProposalProposal ResultsResults Concluding remarksConcluding remarks

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Concluding remarks Using geospatial data for estimating the first Using geospatial data for estimating the first

configuration of the buses may reduce the branch configuration of the buses may reduce the branch crossings in Mota’s algorithm.crossings in Mota’s algorithm.

The most important feature of the enhanced algorithm The most important feature of the enhanced algorithm is that incomplete geospatial data suffice in most is that incomplete geospatial data suffice in most cases. It is useful for generating one-line diagrams of cases. It is useful for generating one-line diagrams of equivalent circuits, both for studies and analyses.equivalent circuits, both for studies and analyses.

As further work,As further work, to apply the algorithm for visualizing the electrical network for to apply the algorithm for visualizing the electrical network for

distinct purposes (planning, monitoring, etc.).distinct purposes (planning, monitoring, etc.). to combine the algorithm with the map simplification algorithm to combine the algorithm with the map simplification algorithm

proposed by Adler and Wu to visualize geo-spatial one-line proposed by Adler and Wu to visualize geo-spatial one-line diagram.diagram.

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Thank You!Thank You!

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ElectricaElectrical forces ( forces (Coulomb’s Coulomb’s Law):Law):

FCFCkmkm=f(d=f(dkmkm22))

Mota’s algorithm

Mass-spring forces (Hooke’s Mass-spring forces (Hooke’s Law): Law):

FHFHkmkm=g(d=g(dkmkm-KL)-KL)

(Branch natural length)(Branch natural length)

ddkm km < KL< KLFH < 0 (repulsion)FH < 0 (repulsion)

KLKL

kk

mm

ddkmkm

ddkm km > KL> KLFH > 0 (attraction)FH > 0 (attraction)