vce biology units 3/4 revision lecture

UNITS 3/4 REVISION LECTUREVCE BIOLOGY

Presented by:Brigette Marks

UNITS 3/4 REVISION LECTUREVCE BIOLOGY

Presented by:Brigette Marks

UNITS 3/4 REVISION LECTUREVCE BIOLOGY

Presented by:Brigette Marks

• Hey, I’m Brigette!

• Currently studying Bachelor of Commerce at Melbourne Uni

• Tutor Bio, Chem and Econ at Tutesmart

• Life passions are drinking coffee, travel, my cat, paying $20 for a smashed avo

• 50 raw in Bio (99.75 ATAR)

ABOUT ME

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Here’s my catt

• Content Block 1:o VCE Biology Exam Adviceo Units 3/4 Practice Questions

• Content Block 2:o Units 3/4 Practice Questions o Student Q&A

Note: the lecture slides and recording will be available to download, so don’t stress if you forget to write something down!

LECTURE OUTLINE

SOME BIO WISDOM

*Ribosome

ATAR Notes Lecturer: *slaps Unit 3/4 Revision Lecture slides* this bad boy can fit so much useful information in it

• Do practice exams!– Ideally aim for 10-20, though Quality > Quantity– VCAA are the best!

• Learn from your mistakes and focus on your weaknesses• Ask Questions – your teachers are your best friend!• Focus on your wellbeing too!

HOW TO DO WELL IN ALL YOUR EXAMS

Your study score if you follow these tips

1. Forget about your SACs... kind of?

• SACs are (hopefully, R.I.P. if not) over, and you can’t change your marks now.

• The good news? SAC marks probably don’t matter as much as you think.

• Most important thing is to learn from your SACs. Go back over them if you can, identify the errors you made and make sure you don’t make those same mistakes again.

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2. Practice (exams) makes perfect!

• VCAA is the gold standard, the best exams by far (apart from ATAR Notes exams of course hahaha)

• How many? Everyone is different! Quality of practice exams much more important than quantity.

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Starting a new series on Netflix

Practice Questions, Practice Questions, Practice Questions!

Did I mention Practice Questions?!?!

3. Make your practice exams count!

• Actually use the reading time!• After you have a bit of experience, try emulate your exam

conditions as close as possible (including time of day, clothes, etc.)

• Make a day-by-day plan of the practice exams you’re going to tackle (e.g. so you don’t leave it to the last minute)

• Make sure you spend adequate time correcting your exam!

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4. Keep track of your mistakes

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5. The day before…

• Just chill, you’ve already put in all the hard work. Learning stuff is the difficult part, kick back and show the examiner your hard work!

• If you want to do something: lightly brush over past mistakes so you don’t make silly errors in the real thing

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6. Most importantly…

• Look after yourselves <3

• Don’t stress too much, get plenty of sleep, eat well, exercise if you can.

• Cliché stuff but being healthy for the exam is as important as having studied for it!

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EXAM STRATEGIES: ON THE DAY

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• Get to the exam hall early!• Avoid talking to others about bio and just be chill!• Have an exam plan!

– What will you do in reading time?– Will you start with MCQs or SAQs?

• Avoid silly mistakes!– Use a highlighter to make sure you actually answer the question

• There will be curveball questions in the exam, but don’t panic! – Take a deep breadth and re-read the question– If you’re still stuck, move on and come back to it at the end!– Go for a toilet break to stretch your legs

HOW TO TACKLE SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

80 marks of SAQs

• ALWAYS SITE FIGURES FROM DATA • ALWAYS SITE UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

DATA QUESTIONS

• If asked to describe data, just comment on the trend• If asked to explain data, mention the relevant biological

concepts

DESCRIBE VS EXPLAIN QUESTIONS

• Not only do you need to give the right answer, but you also have to justify it in a watertight way, so if the examiner can say “so what?” after reading your answer, you have not fully answered the question.

EXPLAIN QUESTIONS

EXPLAIN QUESTIONS

ü Gets straight to the pointü Subsequently explains why it is artificial and passive

o Though note that this could be more clear!

ü Uses key terminology

• Don’t just put yes/no responses -> marks are allocated to your reasoning

AGREE/DISAGREE QUESTIONS

• Need to mention both terms and compare them

Q: Explain one difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

A: humoral immunity produces antibodies whereas cell-mediated does notA: humoral immunity produces antibodiesA: humoral immunity relies on B cells while cell-mediated relies on Tc cellsA: humoral immunity relies on B cells while cell-mediated relies on T cells

COMPARATIVE QUESTIONS

• The word ‘complementary’ excites an examiner for some reason, so use it – especially with enzymes, cell signaling, and translation

• Marks are not awarded for restating information from the question stem

• If asked to give a function of a structure, do not simply describe or define it!

• Spelling errors won’t be penalised unless there is an ambiguity (such as glucagon vs glycogen)

• Watch for the switches in focus within questions –questions commonly combine theory across multiple dot points from the study design

OTHER ADVICE

UNIT 3 AOS1

*Cell requires protein

*Ribosome

*inhales*

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Phospholipid

Protein

The hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails allow the passage of lipid

soluble molecules

Has a specific shape to transport complementary molecules.

The molecule is non-polar and can therefore diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer; and it is moves down a concentration gradient from the extracellular to intracellular environment.

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Secretory molecules made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are transported to the Golgi body via transport vesicles. These secretory molecules are then packaged in the Golgi apparatus into secretory vesicles. Finally, these vesicles move to and fuse with plasma membrane of the cell surface, thereby releasing the secretory molecules via exocytosis.

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Beta-pleated sheet

Alpha-helix

A quaternary structure has two or more polypeptide chains, as evident by the presence of the heavy and light chains.

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The ribosome attaches to mRNA and begins translation at the START codon. As the ribosome reads the mRNA codons, tRNA brings specific amino acids to the ribosome and deposits them when the tRNA anticodon anneals to the complementary mRNA codon. In doing so, this enables the amino acids to join by the condensation polymerisation to ultimately form the primary structure of tryptase as the STOP codon is reached.

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Glucose

Pyruvate

Oxygen

Pyruvate

Carbon dioxide

Water

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Carbon monoxide induces anaerobic conditions, which results in the

production of Lactic acid.

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UNIT 3 AOS2

*Ribosome

*inhales*

Difference between extrinsic and intrinsic

apoptotic pathway

Hydrophilic; since the receptor is only present on the plasma membrane, this indicates that the signalling molecule cannot travel across the plasma membrane.

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Caspases cleave cytosolic and nuclear proteins

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After the Tc cell stimulates the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, caspases will be activated which function to cleave cytosolic and nuclear proteins. Consequently, the cell will begin to shrink and undergo blebbing, ultimately breaking up to form apoptotic bodies. Finally, macrophages are signalled to the apoptotic bodies and will engulf them via phagocytosis.

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Macrophages engulf the gluten fragment through the process of phagocytosis, and ultimately digest it using lysosomes.

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By blocking the EB12 receptor, this would replicate the situation with cell Y whereby increased amounts of memory cells are generated after B cell activation. As such, this will help establish a greater subsequent immune response, thereby fulfilling the function of the vaccine in providing efficient artificial active immunity.

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A vaccine containing EVD antigens would be able to stimulate the production of the adaptive immune response, thereby generating antibodies against EVD from plasma cells, as well as B and T memory cells. Consequently, this provides an individual with artificial active immunity by enabling them to generate a faster and greater immune response if they subsequently encounter EVD. Furthermore, this vaccine can also provide a population with protection against EVD by establishing herd immunity.

UNIT 4 AOS1

*Ribosome

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How to Answer Allopatric Speciation Questions:1. Geographic isolation has occurred, preventing gene flow between the populations2. Explain how natural selection acts over time due to differing selective pressures (includes changing allele frequencies and new mutations). 3, When the populations are brought back together they are unable to produce fertile and viable offspring

CHECKPOINT

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UNIT 4 AOS 2

“We never lean about relevant stuff

in school”

Learning about pandemics during a

pandemic

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EXPERIMENTAL QUESTIONS

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