vehicle track
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Research Needs
Vehicle TrackPrepared for:
AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
Donna C. Nelson, Ph.D.
Transportation Perspectives, Inc
dcnelson@t-perspectives.com
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Scope &Focus of Vehicle Track
Vehicle Track Scope Vehicle performance and design
In-vehicle technologies
Vehicle-related regulatory and policy research
?? Focus
Focus is on long-term research needs 5 to 10 years out.
Discussion of basic research at discretion of participants
Workshop Tracks Human Factors
Vehicles
Highway/Infrastructure
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Whitepaper Objectives
Identify future research needs related to vehicle safety.
Provide an overview of current and planned research related tovehicle safety
Set out a preliminary or strawman list of future research needsand gaps.
Paper developed to stimulate discussion, complete reviewand synthesis not intended.
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Where will we be in five years?
Changes in vehicle fleet
Introduction & market penetration of advanced vehicletechnologies
Alternative fuel vehicles
Fuel efficiency
Results from current round of DOT initiatives
Large-scale field tests of VII underway
Changes in US population demographics
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Literature Review
Existing USDOT Research and Program Plans withvehicle-safety elements.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
New USDOT Initiatives and Exploratory Initiatives.
Emerging vehicle technologies and systems
Other materials and documents identifying emergingand future safety-related research gaps and needs,and discussions with vehicle-safety experts.
Focused on:
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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Priority Areas (2001-2004) Increasing safety belt use, reducing impaired driving, addressing
vehicle rollovers and vehicle crash incompatibility, improving data
systems.
Safety Rulemaking and Research Priorities
Near term (2005-2006) regulatory priorities Rollovers, large truck tires, side impact protection, tire pressure
monitoring systems, event data recorders, & performance of childrestraint systems (CRS) for larger children.
Longer term (2007-2009) potential actions Research on tire bead unseating and tire strength, rulemaking on truck
trailer antilock brake (ABS) performance.
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Federal Motor Carrier Safety Admin.
(FMCSA) Office of Research Federal Motor CarrierSafety Administration and Technology Plan
Reduce commercial motor vehicle-related crashes,
fatalities, injuries, and losses, and enhance operationalefficiency.
Improve truck and motorcoach performance throughvehicle-based safety technologies.
Safety focus areas address safety belt use, tires,
conspicuity, car/truck compatibility, and the impact of newtechnologies.
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Vehicle Infrastructure Cooperation
Communication between individual vehicles, andbetween vehicles and the infrastructure enablesapplications which:
Improve safety, operations and maintenance.
Support the needs of the vehicle manufacturers and otherprivate interests.
Safety applications include Active safety warning system applications,
Crash and incident response applications,
Advance warnings of hazards, and
Data collection to improve traffic and roadway safety
Maintenance applications with safety implications.
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US DOT ITS Initiatives
Integrated Vehicle-based Safety Systems
Integrated solutions that address rear-end, run-off-road,and lane change crashes.
Communication of an integrated warning to the driver, Objective tests and criteria for performance of systems;
Field test of integrated vehicle-based safety systems
Lane deviation systemsLane keeping assistance
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US DOT ITS Initiatives
Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems
Develop and demonstrate cooperative intersectioncollision avoidance systems for both violations and gaps;
Assess the value and acceptance of CICA systems;
Develop tools to support industry deployments; and
Support research, systems integration activities
Produce a system prototype and a large-scale fieldoperational test by 2009.
Formal work plan under development
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USDOT Exploratory Initiatives
Exploratory short-duration initiatives underway Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) for Mobility,
Vehicle Assist and Automation Systems,
ITS Technologies to Reduce Pedestrian Injuries and Fatalities
Teen Driving Electronic Report Card, and
Wireless Truck and Bus Inspection.
Evaluated within a year of start-up, continued as "TierOne" initiatives or will be discontinued.
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USDOT Exploratory Initiatives Vehicle Assist & Automation Systems for Transit
Operations
Address safety in difficult operating conditions, such as main-tenance yards, narrow lanes or bus-only shoulders on freeways.
Builds on research and development of collision warningsystems, integrated warning systems and lane-assist systems.
Teen Driving Electronic Report card Develop and evaluate the usability, effectiveness and
acceptability of a vehicle-based Teen Driving ElectronicReport Card.
Vehicle-based technologies integrated into a device that canoperate in real time to sense, record, evaluate and providefeedback on driving practices.
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Preliminary list
Research needs topic areas for discussion in
breakout group
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Vehicle Compatibility & Crash Worthiness
Vehicle partner-protection
Vehicle self-protection
Vehicle-to-vehicle compatibility
Vehicle aggressivity
Heavy vehicle under-runs
Develop vehicle designsthat better protect their ownoccupants and cause less
harm to occupants of thestruck vehicle.
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http://world.honda.com/factbook/auto/motorshow/200310/10.html
Reducing pedestrian injuries
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Restraints & Injury Prevention
Advanced/smart restraint systems
Seatbelt reminders/safety belt interlocks
Adjustable restraint systems (upper anchorages)
Roll-over Sensors to deploy air bags in a rollover crash.
Improve roof crush protection and interior padding for occupants.
Reduction of occupant ejectionthrough doors and windows
Improvements to head
restraints, airbags
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Crash/Safety Data
Crash dummies
Event data recorders
Commercial vehicle safetydata
Vehicle condition monitoring ???
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Pre-crash safety systems
http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/tech/its/program/function/pre_clash.html
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Vehicle lighting, visibility and glare
Advanced lighting systems
Adaptive lighting
New lighting technology
Vision enhancement systems
Blindspot camera systems
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Vehicle handling and performance
Improved Light Vehicle Braking Stopping distance disparities between passenger cars and
LTVs.
Electronic Braking Systems (EBS) and electro-hydraulicsystems as possible replacements for the hydraulic brake
systems now in use. Electronic brake proportioning, brake assist, regenerative
brake systems (RBS), and EBS and electro-hydraulicsystems.
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Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Crash-testing of AFV
Post-crash incident response issues
Refueling and fuels storage
Vehicle compatibility
Ensuring that hydrogen ICE andfuel cell powered vehicles providea level of safety comparable to thatof other vehicles currently in use in
the United States.
http://www.hydrogenus.com/media/images/transportation/cars/GM_hydrogen3.jpghttp://www.hydrogenus.com/media/images/transportation/details/hydrogen_fueling.jpg -
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Motorcoaches
Emergency evacuation
Evacuation plans
Push-out windows/exits
Window glazing
Improved braking Rollover stability control
Occupant protection
roof crush improvements
advanced restraint systems.
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Schoolbus Safety
Current NHTSA research focused on side impactprotection.
Topics under consideration include: increasing seat back height; requiring lap/shoulder
restraints on smaller buses and test procedures forvoluntarily installed lap/shoulder belts.
??
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Older Drivers and Occupants
Older drivers
Use of advanced in-vehicle technologies to help older driversmeet their driving needs.
Safely maintain mobility of aging populations.
Research to evaluate in-vehicle safety technology to improvesafety for older drivers
Older Occupants
Older occupants' vulnerability to injury
Adequacy of current vehicle interiors and safety devices forprotecting older occupants.
Development of age dependent injury criteria
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Accessible motor vehicles
Functionality and injury potentialfrom installed equipment andvehicle modifications.
Potential for new in-vehicletechnologies
Provide vehicle safety withouthindering access to personaltransportation, includingallowing persons withdisabilities to drive.
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Heavy-vehicle performance
Vehicle stability
Vehicle conspicuity
Heavy vehicle tires
Vehicle under-runs
http://www.bsmotoring.com/2004/may22_1.htm
Braking systems
Tire pressure monitoring
Re-tread tire performance
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Heavy Vehicles
Concept of re-designed commercial vehicle with safetyin mind.
Extension of VII program to heavy vehicles Commercial vehicle safety screenings/wireless inspections Vehicle parts tracking and maintenance/replacement
programs. Integrated vehicle diagnostics
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Personal Conveyances
http://www.electric-scooters-info.com/
Increasing popularity of personal conveyances
Low speed vehicles
Hybrid, power-assisted vehicles
Standup scooters, pocket bikes
Evolving designs
Intended/appropriate uses
Safety requirements
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In-vehicle systems
Emerging technologies
In-vehicle safety systems
Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration (VII)
Cooperative collision avoidance systems
Advanced sensor technologies
Advanced vehicle control
Visibility enhancement
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VII Safety Use Cases
Turn Conflict Warning Advance Warning Information to Vehicles
Commercial Vehicle Safety Data Commercial Vehicle Electronic Clearance Just-in-Time Repair Notification
Emergency Electronic Brake Lights Visibility Enhancer Cooperative Vehicle-Highway Automation System Pre-Crash Sensing Glare Reduction and Adaptive Headlight Aiming Adaptive Drivetrain Management
Cooperative Forward Collision Warning Blind Spot Warning and Blind Merge Warning Highway Merge Assistant and lane change warning Cooperative Collision Warning Safety Event Recorder Speed Limit Assistant
From: VII Architecture and Functional Requirements
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VII-related issues
Shared use of VII infrastructure and systems by safety andnon-safety applications
Security and use of data produced by vehicles
System vulnerability to hackers
Definition of new safety applications enabled by VIIapplications
Opportunities and challenges presented by VII
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Workshop Challenges
Current programs provide a context.
We need to speculate
Likely safety issues and concerns five years out.
Continuation/evolution of on-going program/topic areas New/emerging opportunities and challenges
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Contact Information
Donna Nelson
dcnelson@t-perspectives.com
301-977-8963
www.t-perspectives.com (under construction)
mailto:dcnelson@t-perspectives.comhttp://www.t-perspectives.com/http://www.t-perspectives.com/http://www.t-perspectives.com/http://www.t-perspectives.com/mailto:dcnelson@t-perspectives.commailto:dcnelson@t-perspectives.commailto:dcnelson@t-perspectives.com
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