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2nd ExamReview

Carver 305Wed 6:10-8:00 PM

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Internal Systems

Sensing environment LocomotionReproduction Misc.

#2Misc. #1

Which glands produce hormones and also are ductless?

Internal Systems 100 points

Answer

• Endocrine Glands

Sensing environment 100 points

True or False taste is more complex and sensitive than smell

Answer

• False

Misc. 100 points

Where are the photoreceptors located.

Answer

• In the retina

Reproduction 100 points

Define parthogenesis.

Answer

• Asexual reproduction where the egg develops into a new individual without fertilization

Locomotion 100 points

In aquatic organisms what region of the body creates thrust?

Answer

• The caudal region

Misc. 100 points

What creates the coloration in vertebrates integument?

Answer

• chormatophores

Internal Systems 200 pointsWhat are the 2 digestive features found in the Aves that won’t be found within any other clade

Answer

• The Crop and Gizzard

Sensing environment 200 points

Name the 3 types of sensing receptors and provide an example.

Answer

• Chemoreceptors: senses smell and taste• Mechanoreceptors: touch, hearing,

equilibrium• Electromagnetic: sight, heat, magnetic

Misc. 200 points

True of False The dermis produces scales in fish.

Answer

• True it IS NOT the epidermis layer

Reproduction 200 points

• What the 2 types of hermaphroditism and provide examples.

Answer

• Simultaneous- both sets present but don’t function at the same time. Usually doesn’t self fertilize. Ex) Hamlet (fish)

• Sequential- Born with one sex then switch to other sex. 2 types

Ex) clown fish or wrasse

Locomotion 200 points

List the 5 types of terrestrial locomotion

Answer

• 1- Cursorial-running• 2- Saltorial- Jumping• 3- Climbing- Scansorial• 4- Digging- Fossorial• 5- Crawling-

Misc. 200 points

Name 4 purposes for integument

Answer• Protection from physical damage• Protection from UV radiation • Protection from diseases• Coloration• Thermoregulation• Water/salt balance• Respiration (e.g., salamanders)• Secretory functions (e.g. poison)• Locomotion (e.g., claws, nails, hooves)• Feeding (e.g., mammary glands)• Sensory functions (e.g. sense of touch)

Sensing environment 300 points

How does an Owl locate its prey?

Daily Double!

Answer

• The ear size and position of owls is asymmetrical.

• It triangulates its prey and facial disk helps push sound waves to ears.

Misc. 300 points

Draw a motor neuron and label its features.

Answer

Reproduction 300 pointsName the 3 Pair-bond types and an example of each.

Answer

• Monogamy- one mate for the breeding season or in some cases for life. Uncommon Ex) swans

• Polygamy – 2 types polyandry 1 female to many males and polygyny 1 male to many females ex)

• Promiscuity- multiple partners no pair bond. Ex)

Internal Systems300 points

What is the vestigal cecum known as in humans and what’s its function?

Answer

• It’s known as the appendix • The function is to help with digestion from the

bacteria within the appendix

Locomotion 300 points

• Describe Bernoulli’s Principle and what type of vertebrate does this principle concern?

Answer

• This states if you increase speed also increases lift/or decrease in pressure.

• Lower pressure above wing/ High pressure below wing

• Birds

Misc. 300 points

What’s the study of animal behavior?

Answer

• Ethology

Internal Systems 400 points

Name the three classes of neurons and describe their function.

Answer

• 1. Sensory neurons (afferent)- senses the environment and takes info to CNS

• 2. Interneurons- 99% of all neurons; connects neurons together in CNS

• 3. Motor neurons ( efferent)- Receives info from CNS and sends out signal to effector organs, triggering response.

Sensing environment 400 points

Compare and Contrast the function of rods and cones

Answer

• Rods- See black and white, good vision in dim light, contain pigment rodopsin

• Cones- See color wavelengths btw 400-750nm not good in dim light

Misc 400 pointsName 3 ways birds produce lift

C

Answer

• Shape of wing• Flight Speed• Angle of attack

Reproduction 400 points

Define GSD and TSD and provide an example .

Answer

• GSD- genetic sex determination; chromosomes determine sex of offspring

Ex) birds or mammals

• TSD – Temperature dependent sex determination; temperature determines sex of offspring

Ex) Common in turtle and fish

Locomotion 400 points

What are the 4 thrust movement types with concerns to aquatic locomotion and list an example for each?

Answer

• Anguilliform- most of the body produce thrust ex) eels

• Carangiform-front half of the body is rigid while the back half produces thust ex) perch

• Ostraciiform-only the caudal fin produces thrust. Ex) puffer fish

• Appendicular locomotion- appendages used for swimming ex) frogs

Misc. 400 points

What are some examples of social interactions. Provide a specific examples.

Answer

• Reproduction (courtship, parental care)• Altruism• Agonistic• Dominance• Territoriality

Internal Systems 500 points

What is the functional unit of the kidney, what are the three main parts of this unit and describe why its so important.

Answer

• The functional unit is the nephron• The 3 main parts of the nephron is the

Glomerulus (a bundle of capillaries), Bowman’s capsule (surrounds the glomerulus), set of tubules known as the Loop of Henle.

• Filtration of Blood, Reabsorption of nutrients, and Waste secretion.

Kidneys

Sensing environment 500 points

Describe the difference between monocular and binocular vision and provide an example of each

Answer

• Monocular vision- lateral eyes field of vision don’t overlap. Can see behind self, but poor judge of distance. Prey animals ex) fish

• Binocular vision- frontal eyes field of vision overlap and allows for accuracy and good depth perception. Predator animals ex) owls

Misc. 500 pointsName the four types of stomach tissue

Answer

1. Esophageal: anterior, non-glandular epithelium similar to esophagus

2. Cardiac: only in mammals; transitional region of columnar cells secreting mucus

3. Fundic: region producing mucus secretions as well as digestive enzymes (protein-breaking pepsin and fat-splitting lipase; HCl decreases pH, favoring action of pepsin)

4. Pyloric: “downstream” end of the stomach containing tubular glands as in the cardiac region

Reproduction 500 points

Contrast the two reproductive strategies that vertebrates display. Provide an example for each.

Answer

• R-selected: Have many offspring and exhibit little to no parental care. The offspring often has high mortality rates with shorter lifespan. Ex) fish

• K-selected: Have few offspring and exhibit high parental care. The offspring have low mortality rates and long lifespans.

• Ex) elephants

Locomotion 500 points

Describe the ratio btw power and speed in terrestrial vertebrates.

Answer

• Ratio of limb length (Lo) to limb protrusion (Li)• Cursorial: high Lo/Li ex) horse• Diggers: low Lo/Li ex) moleRunners have longer legs and less of a protrusion where diggers have smaller limbs and a larger protrusion.

Misc. 500 pointsExplain the 3 factors concerning instability. What are ways fish counteract these forces?

Answer

• Roll-move side to side ex) dorsal and anal fin• Pitch- up and down movement ex) pectoral

and pelvic fin• Yaw- left and right movement ex) caudal fin

PitchYaw

Roll