visual dictionary - seasoning

Air Barrier:(aka “Building Wrap”) is a plastic-like membrane which is

attached to the sheathing of the home and is used to minimize the leakage of air from inside the home to the exterior, and also minimize the infiltration of exterior air to the interior of the home. The air barrier also protects the sheathing, framing, insulation, etc. from condensed water caused by the temperature differential between the exterior and interior.

Attic ventilation:-Soffit Vent: Allows air circulation in the attic by allowing air to

escape via the underside of the soffit

-Ridge Vent: Allows air to escape the attic through an opening in the roof’s ridge

-Gable Vent: Allows air to escape the attic through a louvered vent usually placed in the sidewall of the building, but yet still in the attic area

-Roof Turbine: Encourages air circulation in the attic through convection

Soffit Vent

The soffit vent is required for this building because there is no other form of attic ventilation (i.e. ridge, gable, turbine, etc.). The air in the attic is allowed to exit through the small perforations in the vinyl soffit panel. This then keeps the attic’s air temperature closer to that of the interior of the home. Because of this, the cost for energy to condition the air in the home will be lower than if the attic were not vented.

Ridge Vent

A ridge vent is a small opening in the ridge of the roof which allows the attic air to escape. This is especially effective in warmer climates. When the hot air rises, it escapes the attic. This then brings down the temperature of the attic and thereby lowering the energy costs.

Ridge Vent

Gable Vent

A gable vent is an opening (generally louvered) in the eave of a gable. This allows the air in the attic to escape and circulate with the exterior air.

Roof Turbine

A roof turbine is a mechanical device located on the roof of a building. Its spinning motion circulates the air in the attic.

Roof Turbine

Backhoe:A backhoe is a hydraulically-powered machine used primarily for the excavation of earth. Backhoes will often be seen on a construction site digging the trenches for the footings of the building. A variety of bucket widths are available for the backhoe.

24” widebucket

Batter Boards:A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to

carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.

Brick arch #1

Brick arch #2

Brick Arch with Keystone

Keystone

Brick Bond 1 – Running Bond

A running course consists of multiple bricks laid in the stretcher position with generally a 3/8” gap between each brick for the mortar joint (or head joint). Vertically, the bricks are staggered.

Brick Bond 2 – Herringbone Pattern (Straight)

A herringbone pattern consists of bricks laid in a “basket weave”-type pattern. Generally, a herringbone pattern will be seen laid at a 45° angle. This pattern, however, is laid in the vertical/horizontal position.

Rowlocks

Rowlock Course

Header Course

Header

Header Course

Soldier Course

Soldier Course

Sailor Course

Shiners (Stretcher Rowlocks)

Brick Size 1

Modular Brick – 3-5/8” x 7-5/8” x 2-1/4”

Brick Size 2 - Roman

Roman Brick – 3-5/8” x 11-5/8” x 1-5/8”

Bulldozer

A bulldozer is machine/vehicle used for the mass excavation of earth. With its bucket-like appendage, it shoves material from one location to another until the grading of the site is sufficient for construction.

Brick Clad Structure

EIFS Clad Structure

Stone Clad Structure

Stone cladding / Random Ashlar pattern

Wood Board Clad Structure

Wood Shingle/Shake Clad Structure

Wood shakes – series of square planks with inconsistent dimensions attached to the sheathing of the structure to form a veneer

Code Requirements – Egress Window

IBC Requirements: Min. clear opening of 5.7 SFIf on ground floor, min. of 5.0 SFMin. clear opening height of 24”Min. clear opening width of 20”Bot. of clear opening no more than 44” AFFIf in basement, window well of 9 SF (36” min. dimension)

This window:7-1/2” AFF72” Wide (Double Window)72” High36 SF Total (18 Individually)9 SF clear opening clearance

Based on the standards set by the IBC, this window meets code

Concrete Joints-Control Joint: an intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or

component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure

-Isolation Joint: a joint created between two or more members to allow expansion/contraction and also to isolate them from one another to minimize the effects of the concrete’s cracking in the process of expansion/contraction

Control Joint

Isolation Joint

In these pictures, the brick veneer is being separated from the concrete slab. This minimizes the effects of expansion/contraction of the concrete as so not to impede on the brick veneer.

CMU:-(aka “Concrete Masonry Unit”, “Cinderblock”) is a masonry unit composed primarily of concrete and small aggregates. The block typically is used for structural applications such as foundations and load-bearing masonry walls. The most common dimensions of the block are 15-5/8” x 7-5/8” x 7-5/8”. The dimensions of the block directly correlate with those of a modular clay brick. Every 3 brick courses plus 3 mortar joints equals roughly the height of one CMU.

3 masonry units equals the height of one CMU (including the mortar joints)

Standard CMU =15-5/8” x 7-5/8” x 7-5/8”

3-5/8” x 7-5/8” x 15-5/8” CMU(aka - 4” CMU)

7-5/8” x 3-5/8” x 15-5/8” CMU

7-5/8” x 7-5/8” x 15-5/8” CMU

Decorative Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) – Split Block/Split Face Block

Decorative Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) – Ribbed Block

Doors – Exterior Flush

Panel

Stile

Top Rail

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

PanelBottom Rail

Stile

Lock Rail

Top Rail

Transom

Transom: small, Usually fixed piece of glassdirectly above a door

Sidelight

Sidelight: fixed glasslocated on either, or both sides of a door

Electrical components - Transformer

Transformer: an electrical device that changes the voltage of alternating current

Power Pole

Pole mounted transformer

Electrical lines to service heads

Service Heads

Service Head: the point of entry of electricity, from a power pole/transformer, into the residence.

Service Head

Electrical lines from power pole/transformer

To the electrical meter

Electrical Meter

Meter: the means by which electrical consumption is measured. The meter will get its power from the service head. From here, the power is routed to the electrical panel.

Duplex Receptacle

Duplex Receptacle: electrical component by which electrical devices can be connected

Framing Elements - #1 Anchor Bolt

Anchor Bolt: the anchor bolt provides the physical connection between the concrete slab and the sole plate

Framing Elements - #2 Sill Plate

Sole Plate: the strip of wood that lies immediately on top of a concrete or masonry foundation in wood frame construction. This allows for the connection of the floor joists and rim joists.

Framing Elements - #3 Floor Joist

Floor Joists: the framing element which supports the load of the subflooring (in this picture, you see the floor joists for the attic)

Framing Elements - #4 Subflooring

Subflooring: the framing element which lies directly on top of the floor joists. To this, finished flooring is applied (in this picture, you see the subflooring of the attic)

Framing Elements - #5 Sole Plate

Sole Plate: the horizontal piece of dimensional lumber at the bottom of the studs in a wall in a light frame building.

Framing Elements - #6 Stud

Framing Elements - #7 Top Plate

Framing Elements - #8 Ceiling Joist

Ceiling Joists

Framing Elements - #9 Rafter

Framing Elements - #10 Roof Decking

Framing Elements - #11 Sheathing

Framing Elements - #12 Stringer

Front End Loader:-typically used to either transport material from one area to a separate vehicle or to transport that load to another area. The front-end loader is used as a means to move materials in bulk

from one place to another with efficiency.

Gypsum Board

Gypsum Board: an interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces; also called drywall, plasterboard.

Heat Pump:

Advantage: Allows exterior air to be conditioned for inside the building.

Makes the air inside comfortable (temperature and humidity.

Disadvantage: Costly

Can be noisy

Compressor Unit:-moves outdoor air across coils containing refrigerant to heat/cool air. The air is then pumped inside to be conditioned

Air Handling Unit: conditions the air for inside the building (temperature, humidity, etc.)

Air Handling Unit

Refrigerant lines from compressor/condensor

Batt/Blanket Insulation

Batt/Blanket Insulation: assists in preventing heat transfer from exterior to interior or interior to exterior.

Loose fill insulation

Loose fill insulation: assists in preventing heat transfer from exterior (the attic in this case) to the interior of the home (and visa versa in the winter).

Foamed Insulation

Foamed Insulation: used primarily to fill small cracks where air infiltration might otherwise become an issue. The foam insulation expands on contact to seal any holes/cracks to prevent air infiltration.

Rigid Board Insulation

Rigid Board Insulation: generally applied to the exterior of the home rather than the interior. Often used as a face to apply EIFS. Acts in much the same way as the other types of insulation by limiting the amount of heat transfer from one side to the other.

Lintel

Lintel: a beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening

Mortar Joint 1:-Tooled, 3/8” joint, commercial building (Home Depot in Tiger Town)Type S Mortar

Mortar Joint 2:Tooled, 3/8” joint, commercial, Type S Mortar

OSB

Oriented Strand Board: a building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure

Plumbing – Lavatory (1-1/2” Drain Line)

Plumbing – Water Closet (3” Drain Line)

Plumbing – Roof Vent

Plumbing Roof Vent: allows for the equalization of pressure between the interior of the house, the exterior of the house, and the sanitary sewer lines

Plumbing – Kitchen Sink (Drop-in)

Plywood

Plywood: wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer or veneers of plywood.

Veneer: a thin layer, sheet, or facing

Gutter

Gutter: collects rain water runoff from the roof and distributes it to the downspouts so that it can be returned to the ground in a

controlled manner.

Downspouts

Downspouts: collects the water from the gutter and funnels that water to the ground in an orderly manner.

Downspout

Splashblock

Splashblock

Splashblock: diminishes the impact of erosion caused by rain water exiting the downspout

Underlayment

Underlayment: a layer of waterproof material such as building felt between roof sheathing and roofing

Clay Tile Roof

Wood Shingle Roof

Shingle: small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight.

Wood Shingle Roof

Metal Panel Roof

Typical materials used for metal panel roofs include galvanized and aluminized steel

Gable Roof

Gambrel Roof

Hip Roof

Mansard Roof

Ridge

Ridge: the level intersection of two roof planes

Valley

Valley: a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes

Eave

Eave: the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof

Rake

Rake: the sloping edge of a steep roof

Soffit

Soffit: the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially the underside of a stair or a roof overhang

Fascia

Fascia: the exposed vertical face of an eave

Stone – Random Rubble

Coursed Rubble

Random Ashlar Pattern

Weep Hole

Weep Hole: small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly

Window 1 – Double Hung

Double hung window: a window with two overlapping sashes that slide vertically in tracks