visual dictionary-sp10shingle

Visual Dictionary

BSCI 2300-001Spring 2010

Blake Jackson and Ben WilloughbyShingle

Air Barrier PaperAir barrier paper is a membrane that is applied to the sheathing that serves to reduce the leakage of air between the interior and exterior of the structure. Also protects the shell from moisture during construction.

Attic Ventilation

4 common types of ventilation: Soffit vents, Ridge vents, Gable vents, and Roof turbines

Attic ventilation is required to vent heat and moisture from the attic of buildings. It is essential for proper temperature and moisture control.

Soffit VentAn opening

under the eave of a roof, used to allow air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing. Also allows for the release of heat from the soffit area.

Ridge VentA long, open

assembly that allows air to circulate in and out of a gable or hip roof at the ridge. Allows for the release of the buildup of heat from the underside of the roof.

Gable VentA screened,

louvered opening in the gable that allows for heat to escape through the gable ends.

Roof TurbineA turbine vent

is a passive ventilation device that exhausts humid, hot air from an attic.

Backhoe

A backhoe is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two piece, hydraulic arm. It can be a piece of detachable unit. It is used for excavating foundations, septic systems, and for digging various holes.

Bucket Dimensions: 22” Wide, 29” Long

Batter BoardsBatter boards are used as a temporary frame outside the excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement or foundation that will be built in the excavation.

Brick ArchesJack Arch Roman Arch

Brick Arch with a Keystone

Keystone

Centering

Brick Bonds: Flemish BondA bond formed by alternating stretchers and headers in every course of brick.

Brick Bonds: Running BondBond made entirely of stretchers that is laid in an offsetting position to the course below and above.

Brick Bonds

Stretcher Rowlocks

Rowlocks

Brick Bonds

Soldiers

Stretchers

Brick Bonds

Sailors

Headers

Brick Sizes: Modular2 1/4” x 3 5/8” x 7 5/8”

Brick Sizes: Utility

3 1/2” x 3 5/8” x 11 5/8”

BulldozerA bulldozer is a crawler tractor equipped with a large blade used to push large amounts of dirt, sand, rubble, etc. Also used for clearing land and grade work.

Cladding: Brick

Cladding: EIFS

Cladding: Stone

Cladding: Wood Boards

Cladding: Wood Shingles

Code RequirementsThe IBC for emergency

exit and rescue from a window requires that the net window area when open be equal to or greater than 5.7’ sq. for second floor bedrooms, and for the sill to be no more than 44” AFF. It also states that the opening area of a window should be at a minimum of 20” wide and 24” high. This window met all requirements. It was 24” AFF, 37” wide and 58” high.

Concrete Joints: Control JointA control joint is placed in concrete to keep the ingredients from cracking during expansion/contraction due to change in temperatures.

Concrete Joints: Isolation JointIsolation joints are used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement of slab-on-grade applications that adjoin fixed foundation elements.

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)A block made of hardened concrete. The blocks are hollow, so reinforcement can be installed. CMU’s are quick to put up, and are affordable . Dimensions of a standard block: 8”x8”x16”

4” x 8” x 16”

Decorative CMURibbed Split

Doors: Flush

Doors: PanelTop Rail

Stile

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Panel

Doors: Transom/Sidelight

Sidelight: A small vertical and

narrow window that is on either

side of the door.

Transom: A small window that

is above a door. Allows light in

the building.

Electrical ComponentsTransformer Box: Used to reduce the high voltage power from transmission lines down to a useable voltage for normal applications.

Electrical Components: Service Head/MeterThe service head is the area where the electricity is routed from the high voltage lines down to the meter and meter box assembly. The meter measures the amount of electricity going into the building or home.

Electrical Components: Service PanelThe area where electricity is distributed throughout the home to all different circuits. Circuits can be turned on and off at the service panel as well.

Electrical Components: Duplex ReceptacleA duplex receptacle is where the electricity is transferred from the wiring within the walls to the surface. From here various things can be connected to receive electricity.

Framing: Anchor Bolt #1

Framing: Sill Plate #2

Framing: Floor Joist #3

Framing: Subflooring #4

Framing: Sole Plate #5

Framing: Stud #6

Framing: Top Plate #7

Framing: Stringer #8

Framing: Ceiling Joist #9

Framing: Rafter #10

Framing: Roof Decking #11

Framing: Sheathing #12

Front End LoaderA front end loader is a machine that is used to load and unload materials. It can also be used to dig/fill on a jobsite.

Gypsum BoardConstruction material used for wall and ceiling coverage inside a residence or building. It is made by pressing gypsum plaster between two pieces of thick paper.

Heat PumpA heat pump is a piece of equipment that

uses a refrigeration cycle to heat/cool a building by passing air or water over the evaporating or condensing coils.

The compressor/evaporator moves coolant around through the unit to facilitate operation. The air handling unit moves air around through the duct system and across the condenser.

Advantage: Affordability to purchase.

Disadvantage: Cannot operate well in cold temperatures.

Heat Pump ComponentsCompressor/

Evaporator Air Handling Unit

InsulationInsulation is used to retard heat flow in

and out of a building or residence.

4 Types: Batt/Blanket, Loose Fill, Rigid Board, and Foamed

InsulationBatt/Blanket Loose Fill

InsulationRigid Board Foamed

LintelHorizontal cross piece over a door or window installed to bear the weight of the masonry above it. Common types of lintels are concrete and steel.

Concrete Lintel

Mortar: ExtrudedAn extruded mortar joint is neither tooled nor troweled. The mortar dries extruding from the brick. To get this look extra mortar is laid between courses of brick. This mortar joint is 3/8,” and has been used on a home. The type of mortar is most likely “M.”

Mortar: ConcaveA concave mortar joint is tooled, and is 3/8” thick. This concave mortar joint was used on a home, and the type of mortar used was most likely “M.”

Oriented Strand BoardOSB is a nonveneered panel wood product that is manufactured in wide mats from cross oriented layers of thin, rectangular strips of wood. These are bonded together with wax and resin adhesives.

Plumbing: Lavatory and Water ClosetA lavatory is drained by a 1½” pipe, and a water closet is drained by a 3” pipe.

Watercloset Lavatory

Plumbing: Vent PlumbingVent Plumbing allows air from the outside to enter the waste and drain lines to prevent suction of fumes in the pipes.

Plumbing: Drop-in Sink

PlywoodPlywood is an engineered wood made from thin sheets of veneered wood that are pressed and glued together perpendicular to each other. Veneer means thin, sheet, or facing.

RebarThis particular rebar is ½” in diameter, it is otherwise referred to as a #4 bar. The deformations on the surface of the bar give it a better bond with the concrete it is placed in.

Steep Roof Drainage: GutterA gutter is a narrow channel that catches water from the roof and directs it to a downspout.

Steep Roof Drainage: DownspoutA downspout is connected to the gutter. It sends the water in the gutter down to a splashblock, another gutter, or drain.

Steep Roof Drainage: SplashblockA splashblock is a formed piece of concrete placed at the bottom of a gutter to divert water away from the building’s foundation or wall.

Steep Roof Materials: UnderlaymentUnderlayment is a layer of black material that is laid between the roof decking and roofing. It acts a moisture protector.

Steep Roof Materials: Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Materials: Shingle RoofA shingle is a thin unit of water-resistant material nailed in an overlapping pattern with other shingles to create a watertight seal. Slate shingle roof is the one you see here.

Steep Roof Materials: Metal RoofMetal roofs are made of various materials such as: galvanized steel, copper, lead coated copper, stainless steel, tern coated stainless, etc.

Steep Roof Shapes: Gable

Steep Roof Shapes: Gambrel

Steep Roof Shapes: Hip

Steep Roof Shapes: Mansard

Steep Roof Terms: Eave and FasciaThe Eave is the horizontal edge at the low side of a steep roof. The Fascia is the vertical face of the eave.

Eave

Fascia

Steep Roof TermsRidge- Intersection of two roof planes

Steep Roof Terms: ValleyValley- Trough formed by intersection of two roof slopes.

Steep Roof TermsRake- Sloping edge of a steep roof.

Steep Roof TermsSoffit- Undersurface of a roof overhang

Stone: Coursed Ashlar

Stone: Random Ashlar

Stone: Coursed Rubble

Stone: Random Rubble

Vapor RetarderThe vapor retarder below is made of kraft paper, and is used to prevent water vapor from penetrating through the wall. It is placed on the warm-in-winter side.

WaterproofingThis waterproofing shown is of the loosely laid category. It is in place here to prevent water from penetrating the wall where it intersects the ground.

Weep HoleA weep hole is a small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly.

Windows: CasementThis is an outswinging casement window, because it is hinged along the side of the window.

Windows: Single HungThis is a single hung window due to it only has a single operating sash

Windows: AwningThis is an awning window, because it is hinged along the top edge of the window.