visualisation of metabolic data
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Visualisation of metabolic data
Anna Zhukova 1
1Institut PasteurBioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub
C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRSParis, France
March 3, 2016
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 1 / 22
Metabolic modelling
Metabolic models are mathematical de-
scriptions of biochemical reactions between
molecules in a cell.
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 2 / 22
Metabolic modelling
Metabolic models are mathematical de-
scriptions of biochemical reactions between
molecules in a cell.
Model exchange formats
[Hucka et al., 2003]XML-like
[Lloyd et al., 2004]XML-like
[Demir et al., 2010]OWL ontology
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 2 / 22
Metabolic modelling
Metabolic models are mathematical de-
scriptions of biochemical reactions between
molecules in a cell.
Model exchange formats
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 2 / 22
Metabolic modelling
Metabolic models are mathematical de-
scriptions of biochemical reactions between
molecules in a cell.
Model exchange formats
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 2 / 22
Metabolic modelling
Metabolic models are mathematical de-
scriptions of biochemical reactions between
molecules in a cell.
Model exchange formats
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 2 / 22
Metabolic modelling
Metabolic models are mathematical de-
scriptions of biochemical reactions between
molecules in a cell.
Model exchange formats
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 2 / 22
Metabolic modelling
Metabolic models are mathematical de-
scriptions of biochemical reactions between
molecules in a cell.
Model visualization formats
[Le Novere et al., 2009]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 2 / 22
Metabolic modelling
Metabolic models are mathematical de-
scriptions of biochemical reactions between
molecules in a cell.
Repositories
[Li et al., 2010]379 Models annotated with metabolic
process
[Kanehisa et al., 2012]Pathways
[Alcantara et al., 2012]Reactions
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 2 / 22
Size of metabolic models
Pathway-scale – up to hundreds of reactions
Genome-scale (GSM) – thousands of reactions98 Bacteria, 39 Eukaryota, 6 Archaea
[systemsbiology.ucsd.edu/InSilicoOrganisms/OtherOrganisms]
E. coli [Smallbone, 2013] – 2 168 reactions
S. cerevisiae [Aung et al., 2013] – 2 352 reactions
H. sapiens [Thiele et al., 2013] – 7 440 reactions
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 3 / 22
Genome-scale models are complicated
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 4 / 22
Genome-scale models are complicated
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 4 / 22
Organisation and visualisation of metabolic models
Scale-free networks: fraction of nodes with k connections P(k) ∼ k−γ , wheretypically 2 < γ < 3 [Jeong et al., 2000].Few hub metabolites, common for most networks:
H+, H2O, O2, phosphate, ADP, ATP, NADP, NAD+, etc. (∼ 5%)
– need to be multiplicated
Nested compartments
mitochondrion ⊂ mitochondrion membrane ⊂ cytoplasm
– ’cellular component’ in the Gene Ontology [Ashburner et al., 2000]
Cycles/cascades..
TCA cycle
– circular layout
Glycolysis
– hierarchical layout
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 5 / 22
Organisation and visualisation of metabolic models
Scale-free networks: fraction of nodes with k connections P(k) ∼ k−γ , wheretypically 2 < γ < 3 [Jeong et al., 2000].Few hub metabolites, common for most networks:
H+, H2O, O2, phosphate, ADP, ATP, NADP, NAD+, etc. (∼ 5%)– need to be multiplicated
Nested compartments
mitochondrion ⊂ mitochondrion membrane ⊂ cytoplasm
– ’cellular component’ in the Gene Ontology [Ashburner et al., 2000]
Cycles/cascades..
TCA cycle
– circular layout
Glycolysis
– hierarchical layout
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 5 / 22
Organisation and visualisation of metabolic models
Scale-free networks: fraction of nodes with k connections P(k) ∼ k−γ , wheretypically 2 < γ < 3 [Jeong et al., 2000].Few hub metabolites, common for most networks:
H+, H2O, O2, phosphate, ADP, ATP, NADP, NAD+, etc. (∼ 5%)– need to be multiplicated
Nested compartments
mitochondrion ⊂ mitochondrion membrane ⊂ cytoplasm
– ’cellular component’ in the Gene Ontology [Ashburner et al., 2000]
Cycles/cascades..
TCA cycle
– circular layout
Glycolysis
– hierarchical layout
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 5 / 22
Organisation and visualisation of metabolic models
Scale-free networks: fraction of nodes with k connections P(k) ∼ k−γ , wheretypically 2 < γ < 3 [Jeong et al., 2000].Few hub metabolites, common for most networks:
H+, H2O, O2, phosphate, ADP, ATP, NADP, NAD+, etc. (∼ 5%)– need to be multiplicated
Nested compartments
mitochondrion ⊂ mitochondrion membrane ⊂ cytoplasm– ’cellular component’ in the Gene Ontology [Ashburner et al., 2000]
Cycles/cascades..
TCA cycle
– circular layout
Glycolysis
– hierarchical layout
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 5 / 22
Organisation and visualisation of metabolic models
Scale-free networks: fraction of nodes with k connections P(k) ∼ k−γ , wheretypically 2 < γ < 3 [Jeong et al., 2000].Few hub metabolites, common for most networks:
H+, H2O, O2, phosphate, ADP, ATP, NADP, NAD+, etc. (∼ 5%)– need to be multiplicated
Nested compartments
mitochondrion ⊂ mitochondrion membrane ⊂ cytoplasm– ’cellular component’ in the Gene Ontology [Ashburner et al., 2000]
Cycles/cascades..
TCA cycle
– circular layout
Glycolysis
– hierarchical layout
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 5 / 22
Organisation and visualisation of metabolic models
Scale-free networks: fraction of nodes with k connections P(k) ∼ k−γ , wheretypically 2 < γ < 3 [Jeong et al., 2000].Few hub metabolites, common for most networks:
H+, H2O, O2, phosphate, ADP, ATP, NADP, NAD+, etc. (∼ 5%)– need to be multiplicated
Nested compartments
mitochondrion ⊂ mitochondrion membrane ⊂ cytoplasm– ’cellular component’ in the Gene Ontology [Ashburner et al., 2000]
Cycles/cascades..
TCA cycle – circular layout
Glycolysis – hierarchical layout
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 5 / 22
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 6 / 22
I wanna see a pathway!
KEGG[Kanehisa et al., 2012]
WikiPathways[Kutmon et al., 2015]
TCA cycle
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 7 / 22
I wanna see a pathway!
KEGG[Kanehisa et al., 2012]
WikiPathways[Kutmon et al., 2015]
TCA cycle
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 7 / 22
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 8 / 22
I wanna see my small model!
Desktop tools
Cytoscape[Cline et al., 2007]CellDesigner[Funahashi et al., 2008]VANTED[Rohn et al., 2012]
Web-based tools
JWS online[Olivier and Snoep, 2004]MetDraw[Jensen et al., 2014]Mimoza[Zhukova and Sher-man, 2015]
TCA cycle [Nazaret et al., 2008]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 9 / 22
I wanna see my small model!
Desktop tools
Cytoscape[Cline et al., 2007]CellDesigner[Funahashi et al., 2008]VANTED[Rohn et al., 2012]
Web-based tools
JWS online[Olivier and Snoep, 2004]MetDraw[Jensen et al., 2014]Mimoza[Zhukova and Sher-man, 2015]
TCA cycle [Nazaret et al., 2008]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 9 / 22
I wanna see my small model!
Desktop tools
Cytoscape[Cline et al., 2007]CellDesigner[Funahashi et al., 2008]VANTED[Rohn et al., 2012]
Web-based tools
JWS online[Olivier and Snoep, 2004]MetDraw[Jensen et al., 2014]Mimoza[Zhukova and Sher-man, 2015]
TCA cycle [Nazaret et al., 2008]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 9 / 22
I wanna see my small model!
Desktop tools
Cytoscape[Cline et al., 2007]CellDesigner[Funahashi et al., 2008]VANTED[Rohn et al., 2012]
Web-based tools
JWS online[Olivier and Snoep, 2004]MetDraw[Jensen et al., 2014]Mimoza[Zhukova and Sher-man, 2015]
TCA cycle [Nazaret et al., 2008]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 9 / 22
I wanna see my small model!
Desktop tools
Cytoscape[Cline et al., 2007]CellDesigner[Funahashi et al., 2008]VANTED[Rohn et al., 2012]
Web-based tools
JWS online[Olivier and Snoep, 2004]MetDraw[Jensen et al., 2014]Mimoza[Zhukova and Sher-man, 2015]
TCA cycle [Nazaret et al., 2008]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 9 / 22
I wanna see my small model!
Desktop tools
Cytoscape[Cline et al., 2007]CellDesigner[Funahashi et al., 2008]VANTED[Rohn et al., 2012]
Web-based tools
JWS online[Olivier and Snoep, 2004]MetDraw[Jensen et al., 2014]Mimoza[Zhukova and Sher-man, 2015]
TCA cycle [Nazaret et al., 2008]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 9 / 22
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 10 / 22
I wanna see my huge model! Classical approach?
Desktop tools?
CellDesigner[Funahashi et al., 2008]
Web-based tools?
MetDraw[Jensen et al., 2014]
S. cerevisiae [Aung et al., 2013]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 11 / 22
I wanna see my huge model! Classical approach?
Desktop tools?
CellDesigner[Funahashi et al., 2008]
Web-based tools?
MetDraw[Jensen et al., 2014]
S. cerevisiae [Aung et al., 2013]
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 11 / 22
Genome-scale models are complicated
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 12 / 22
Zooming User Interface (ZUI)
Zoomgeometric zoomsemantic zoom
Decomposition into modulescompartmentspathwayssimilar elements
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 13 / 22
Zooming User Interface (ZUI)
Zoomgeometric zoomsemantic zoom
Decomposition into modulescompartmentspathwayssimilar elements
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 13 / 22
Zooming User Interface (ZUI)
Zoomgeometric zoomsemantic zoom
Decomposition into modulescompartmentspathwayssimilar elements
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 13 / 22
Zooming User Interface (ZUI)
Zoomgeometric zoomsemantic zoom
Decomposition into modulescompartmentspathwayssimilar elements
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 13 / 22
Mimoza [mimoza.bordeaux.inria.fr]
3-levels of semantic zoom:1 full model2 generalized view3 compartment view
user’s model as inputfully automatic
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 14 / 22
Mimoza [mimoza.bordeaux.inria.fr]
3-levels of semantic zoom:1 full model2 generalized view3 compartment view
user’s model as inputfully automatic
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 14 / 22
Mimoza [mimoza.bordeaux.inria.fr]
3-levels of semantic zoom:1 full model2 generalized view3 compartment view
user’s model as inputfully automatic
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 14 / 22
Mimoza [mimoza.bordeaux.inria.fr]
3-levels of semantic zoom:1 full model2 generalized view3 compartment view
user’s model as inputfully automatic
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 15 / 22
NaviCell [Kuperstein et al., 2013]
• large maps of molecular interactions:) user’s model as input:( layout is not automatic, user has to:
1 create a map in CellDesigner2 export as an image3 produce intermediate views in a graphical designer4 (optionally) split the map into submaps
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 16 / 22
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 17 / 22
Genome Projector [Arakawa et al., 2009]
• zoomable genome map with multiple views• 320 bacterial genomes• based on Roche Biochemical Pathway wall chart• overlay layers to highlight organism-specific reactions:( only geometric zooming
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 18 / 22
Cellular Overview [Latendresse et al., 2011]
• maps of organisms in BioCyc [Caspi et al., 2012]• pathway-oriented:( no compartments:( only geometric zooming
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 19 / 22
Reactome pathway browser [Croft et al., 2013]
• manually curated pathways for 19 organisms• pathway-oriented:) two semantic zoom levels:
1 general representation of organism’s pathways2 detailed pathway submaps
:) compartments
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 20 / 22
Escher [Zachary et al., 2015]
• manually curated pathways for human, S.cerevisiae, and E.coli:) user can edit layout and add data:( only geometric zoom:( limited selection of pathways
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 21 / 22
And the winner is...
Manual layout
ZUI
Thank you for your attention!
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 22 / 22
And the winner is...
Manual layout ZUI
Thank you for your attention!
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 22 / 22
And the winner is...
Manual layout ZUI
Thank you for your attention!
Anna Zhukova Metabolic visualisation March 3, 2016 22 / 22
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