voci - ventilation optimization composite index
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Application of Ventilation
Optimization Composite Index
(VOCI) for Office Buildings in
Hot and Humid Regions
Mr Chan Siew Chong
15-09-2011 11:15am 12:45 pm
International Green Building Conference
2011
Singapore
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Ventilation Optimization
Composite Index (VOCI)
The integrated simulation model
of passive designs for buildingventilation
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The Background
Historical Review
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In Rural Areas
(Source: Lim,
2011)
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The Surroundings
(Source : Lim, 2011)
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In Urban Areas
(Source : Dr Sabarinah, 2007)
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In the Buildings
(Source: Dr Sabarinah, 2007)
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Nowadays (1/3)
(Source: Dr Sabarinah, 2007)
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Nowadays (2/3)
(Source: Abd Khalid, 2008)
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Nowadays (3/3)
(Source: Abd Khalid, 2008)
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Common Features
Large Openings.
Channels for air flow.
Horizontal and Vertical dimensions.
Near to Green Areas.
Shadings.
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Models in Application
Overview
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Models Currently in Used (1/2)
According to Chen (2009),
1.Analytical Models
2.Empirical Models
3.Small-scale Experimental Models
4.Full-scale Experimental Models
5.Multi-zone Models.
6.Zonal Models
7.CFD Models
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Models Currently in Used (2/2)
Model Types Publication (%)
Analytical 3
Empirical 2
Small-scale 5
Full-scale 10
Multizone 7Zonal 3
CFD 70
(Source: Chen, 2009) 100
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The Shortcomings
1. Building Oriented.
2. Complex calculation (black box
operation).
3. Expensive / Costly.
4. Conflicting Results.
5. Insufficient coverage areas.
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VOCI The Proposed Model
The Background
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The Concept (1/3)
Sustainable Development:
Development that meets the needs
of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs.(Source: WCED, 1987)
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The Concept (2/3)
(Source: Scott Cato, 2009) (Source: Adams, 2006)
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The Concept (3/3)
When the concept applies,
Sustainable Development VOCI
Economics Operation Cost
Social Thermal Comfort
Environment Natural Ventilation
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The Mission
This model is aimed to study the
potential in maximizing the utility of
natural ventilation in a building layoutthrough passive design.
The main target of this model is to
achieve the maximum thermal comfortlevel, while at the same time minimizing
the utility of artificial energy.
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VOCI The Proposed Model
The Settings
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The Physical LayoutZone 2 Zone 3
(North) (North East)
Zone 1 Zone 4
(Centre) (East)
Zone 6 Zone 5
(South) (South East)
Zone 8 Zone 1 Zone 4
Zone 9
Zone 2 Zone 3(North West)Zone 8
(West)
(North) (North East)Zone 7(South West)
(West) (Centre) (East)
Zone 7 Zone 6 Zone 5(South West) (South) (South East)
Zone Division Within A Building Compound Layout
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The Parameters (1/3)
Related to Natural Ventilation (NV):
1.Local Air Velocity (LAV)
2.Proportion of Green Area (PGA)
3.Passive Design Areas (PDA):o Air Well (AW) Horizontal Openings
o Faade Design (FD) Wind Pressure Amplifierso Ventilation Openings (VO) Vertical Openings
o Corridor and Shading (CS) Air Channels
o Wall and Partitions (WP) Air Velocity Reduction Factor
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The Parameters (2/3)
Related to Thermal Comfort (TC):
1.Occupants satisfaction level (PMV-PPD
Fangers Model)2.Temperature level (Adaptive approach)
Related to Operation Costs (OC):
1.Life Cycle Operation Cost:o Energy Usage
o Replacement and Maintenance.
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The Parameters (3/3)
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VOCI The Proposed Model
The Procedure
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Stage 1: Individual Case
1.Input of Field data (through Questionaire).
2.Tabulate parameters according to zone.
3.Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
4.Output for Stage 2: Integration Base
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Input of Field Data (1/2)) Pair Wise Comparison (Perbandingan Secara Pasangan)
) Based on your personal opinion, please indicate the relative importance levelbetween the following each paired parameters that will affect the indoornatural ventilation quality and performance.(Berdasarkan kepada pendapat peribadi, sila nyatakan tahap kepentinganrelatif antara kedua-dua parameter berpasangan berikut demi mempengaruhikualiti dan prestasi pengudaraan semulajadi dalaman)
Note: 1 Neutral (Equal Importance) (Sama penting)3 Weakly More Importance Than (Sedikit lebih penting daripada)5 Strongly More Importance Than (Agak lebih penting daripada)7 Very Strongly More Importance Than (Sangat penting daripada)9 Absolutely More Importance Than (Amat Sangat penting daripada)
* Please tick () in relevant box for each group(Sila tandakan () dalam kotak berkenaan bagi setiap kumpulan)
roupmpulan)
Element
(Elemen)
Level of Importance (Tahap Kepentingan) Element
(Elemen)9 7 5 3 1 3 5 7 9
A ThermalComfort(KeselesaanTerma)
LifecycleCost(Kos Kitar
Hayat)
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Input of Field Data (2/2)
TC/OC TC/GA TC/AV OC/GA OC/AV GA/AV1 9 3.5 2.4 0.4 7.6 0.111111
2 5 4 3.1 5 3.5 0.23 5 3 0.4 0.4 5.6 0.333333
4 5 2 1.2 2.7 8.7 0.25 3 0.8 2.3 1.8 5.6 0.333333
6 7 0.1 1.8 2.4 4.3 0.111111
7 1 0.6 1 3.5 2.3 1
8 0.142857 0.3 0.333333 4.4 6.5 0.3333339 1 0.5 1 3.9 1 1
10 5 1 7 3.2 4.5 7
n
Mean 3.459894 0.98127 1.139048 1.377937 2.107937 0.808677
Std Dev 2.639273 1.533793 1.773347 1.812015 2.728571 1.715337
Normalised 3 1 1 1 2 1
No.Section A - 6 Inputs
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Analytical Hierarchy Process
(1/2)
TC OC PGA LAV AW FD CS WPTC 1 A AW 1 B
OC 1/A 1 FD 1/B 1
PGA 1 VO
AV 1 CS 1
Total WP 1
Total
Passive Design Area (PDA)
Key in Field Data
TC OC PGA LAV
Main Parameters
Internal External
AW FD VO CS WP
AHP Process
VO
1
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Analytical Hierarchy Process
(2/2)(i) Paired Wise Comparison:AW FD VO CS WP
AW 1.000 3.000 1.000 2.000 2.000FD 0.333 1.000 1.000 2.000 2.000
VO 1.000 1.000 1.000 4.000 4.000
CS 0.500 0.500 0.250 1.000 3.000WP 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.333 1.000
Total 3.333 6.000 3.500 9.333 12.000
(ii) Weightage of Passive Design Areas:AW FD VO CS WP Average Adj
AW 0.300 0.500 0.286 0.214 0.167 0.293 0.295508
FD 0.100 0.167 0.286 0.214 0.167 0.187 0.188695
VO 0.300 0.167 0.286 0.429 0.333 0.303 0.304073
CS 0.150 0.083 0.071 0.107 0.250 0.132 0.129215
WP 0.150 0.083 0.071 0.036 0.083 0.085 0.08251Total 1.000 (Eigenvector)
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The Output (1/2)General Information
Local Air Velocity (LAR) m/s
Proportional Green Area (PGA) (in ratio)
PDAs UOM
Total Area 280 m2
(for all enclosure - wall, floor and ceiling)AW Area 32 0.114286
FD Area 45 0.160714
VO Area 67 0.239286
CS Area 120 0.428571
WP Area 34 0.121429
Total 1.064286
Thermal Comfort Ranking 0.833
Operational Cost Ranking 0.556
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The Output (2/2)Weightage of Passive Design Areas
AW Air Well 0.296FD Faade Design 0.189VO Ventilation Openings 0.304
CS Corridors and Shadings 0.129WP Walls and Partitons 0.083 1.000
Weightage of Main Parameters
TC Thermal Comfort 0.330OC Lifecycle Operational Cost 0.190PGA Proportional Green Area 0.240LAV Local Air Velocity 0.240 1.000
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The LinkCase 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case . Case n
Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 1 Zone 1
Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 2 Zone 2
Zone 3 Zone 3 Zone 3 Zone 3 Zone 3
Zone . Zone . Zone . Zone . Zone .
Zone 9 Zone 9 Zone 9 Zone 9 Zone 9
Stage 1
Stage 2
Integration
LAV
PGA
PDA
TC
OC
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Stage 2: Integration
1.Input from Stage one.
2.Tabulate zones according to parameters.
3.Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA)
4.Final Output: VOCI
(Ventilation Optimization Composite Index)
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Tabulated Data (1/7)
I. Independents (x):
Local Air velocity (LAV).
Proportional Green Area (PGA).
Thermal Comfort (TC).Lifecycle Operation Cost (OC).
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Tabulated Data (2/7)
Air Velocity
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.18 0.32 1.5 0.2 0.4 2.9 0.2 0.29 0.27 0.695556
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average1.8 0.32 1.5 0.2 0.4 2.9 2 0.29 0.27 1.075556
Zone 1
Zone 9
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Tabulated Data (3/7)
Proportional Green Area:
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average0.18 0.32 0.15 0.2 0.4 0.29 0.2 0.29 0.27 0.255556
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.9 0.45 0.65 0.72 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.9 0.55 0.618889
Zone 1
Zone 9
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Tabulated Data (4/7)
Thermal Comfort
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average0.34 0.32 0.36 0.2 0.6 0.15 0.2 0.48 0.27 0.324444
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.32 0.32 0.45 0.2 0.69 0.38 0.79 0.33 0.26 0.415556
Zone 1
Zone 9
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Tabulated Data (5/7)
Lifecycle Operational Cost
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
0.54 0.66 0.15 0.34 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.34 0.27 0.344444
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average0.28 0.32 0.45 0.2 0.58 0.29 0.3 0.29 0.29 0.333333
Zone 1
Zone 9
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Tabulated Data (6/7)
I. Dependents (y):
Proportional Passive Design Area
(PPDA).
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Tabulated Data (7/7)Proportional Passive Design Area (PPDA):
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average Std Dev
AW 0.18 0.32 0.15 0.2 0.4 0.29 0.2 0.29 0.27 0.255556 0.079547 0.050622
FD 0.2 0.12 0.12 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.3 0.25 0.32 0.216667 0.070356 0.039600
VO 0.23 0.2 0.3 0.13 0.1 0.18 0.25 0.1 0.15 0.182222 0.069242 0.038356
CS 0.1 0.22 0.18 0.3 0.14 0.36 0.1 0.25 0.14 0.198889 0.090891 0.066089
WP 0.34 0.33 0.45 0.23 0.12 0.14 0.05 0.3 0.12 0.231111 0.13233 0.140089
Total 1.05 1.19 1.2 1.1 0.98 1.15 0.9 1.19 1 1.084444 0.091482 0.334756
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average Std Dev
AW 0.26 0.22 0.15 0.18 0.31 0.16 0.12 0.18 0.19 0.196667 0.058523 0.027400
FD 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.29 0.29 0.19 0.22 0.17 0.218889 0.045123 0.016289
VO 0.21 0.18 0.24 0.25 0.05 0.18 0.17 0.1 0.19 0.174444 0.063857 0.032622
CS 0.19 0.25 0.18 0.29 0.14 0.14 0.19 0.1 0.15 0.181111 0.058831 0.027689
WP 0.17 0.12 0.17 0.1 0.12 0.25 0.13 0.08 0.23 0.152222 0.057831 0.026756
Total 1.07 0.96 0.93 1.01 0.91 1.02 0.8 0.68 0.93 0.923333 0.057174 0.130756
Element Average Std Dev Std Adj-1
AW 0.236173 0.072455 0.377978
FD 0.214259 0.073539 0.389378
VO 0.198765 0.065765 0.311400
CS 0.189259 0.078722 0.446200
WP 0.191481 0.070636 0.359244
Total 1.029938 0.072346
Zone 1
Zone 9
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Multiple Regression Analysis
(1/6) Types of Analysis:
1.PPDA (y) vs LAV (x1)
2.PPDA (y) vs PGA (x2)
3.PPDA (y) vs TC (x3)
4.PPDA (y) vs OC (x4) Optimize the proportional value of each
paired parameters.
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Multiple Regression Analysis
(2/6) The Process:
1.Correlate the Dependents withIndependent.
2.Iterate up to highest level (approach to 1).
3.Determine the values of coefficients.4.Using Solver to identify final optimized
values of dependents and independents.
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Local Air Velocity to Proportional Passive Design Area
YC X X X X X X X X X X YP
PPDA LAV LAV LAV LAV LAV LAV LAV LAV LAV LAV PPDA
1 KIV 1.084444 0.695556 0.483798 0.336508 0.23406 0.162802 0.113238 0.078763 0.054784 0.038105 0.026504 1.084454
2 1.068889 0.793333 0.629378 0.499306 0.396116 0.314252 0.249307 0.197783 0.156908 0.12448 0.098755 1.0688433 1.109444 0.94 0.8836 0.830584 0.780749 0.733904 0.68987 0.648478 0.609569 0.572995 0.538615 1.109681
4 1.071111 1.152222 1.327616 1.529709 1.762564 2.030866 2.340009 2.69621 3.106633 3.579532 4.124416 1.06342
5 1.073333 1.204444 1.450686 1.747271 2.104491 2.534743 3.052957 3.677117 4.428883 5.334343 6.42492 1.074804
6 1.007778 1.125556 1.266875 1.425939 1.604973 1.806486 2.033301 2.288593 2.575938 2.899362 3.263393 1.016462
7 0.92 1.333333 1.777778 2.37037 3.160494 4.213992 5.618656 7.491541 9.988721 13.31829 17.75773 0.919953
8 1.011111 1.502222 2.256672 3.390022 5.092567 7.650167 11.49225 17.26391 25.93424 38.95899 58.52505 1.0111129 0.923333 1.075556 1.15682 1.244224 1.338232 1.439343 1.548093 1.66506 1.790865 1.926175 2.071708 0.920716
824.0988 -2570.068 0 5933.037 0 -11418.37 0 23802.53 -26298 11649.89 -1922.22
0.266412 0.318927 0.902944 0.883791 0.996287
1.183382 1.400392 1.657198 1.961098 2.320727 2.746305 3.249927 3.845904 4.551171 5.385772 1.086536
Improvement %
Individual Input
Zone Sec
Coefficient
Regression2
status
Multiple Regression Analysis
(3/6)
12
3
4
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Multiple Regression Analysis
(4/6)Proportional Green Area to Proportional Passive Design AreaYC X
1X
2X
3X
4X
5X
6X
7X
8X
9X
10YP
PPDA PGA PGA PGA PGA PGA PGA PGA PGA PGA PGA PPDA
1 KIV 1.084444 0.255556 0.065309 0.01669 0.004265 0.00109 0.000279 7.12E-05 1.82E-05 4.65E-06 1.19E-06 1.083645
2 1.068889 0.343333 0.117878 0.040471 0.013895 0.004771 0.001638 0.000562 0.000193 6.63E-05 2.28E-05 1.0698013 1.109444 0.35 0.1225 0.042875 0.015006 0.005252 0.001838 0.000643 0.000225 7.88E-05 2.76E-05 1.077584
4 1.071111 0.304444 0.092686 0.028218 0.008591 0.002615 0.000796 0.000242 7.38E-05 2.25E-05 6.84E-06 1.077316
5 1.073333 0.365556 0.133631 0.04885 0.017857 0.006528 0.002386 0.000872 0.000319 0.000117 4.26E-05 1.10198
6 1.007778 0.574444 0.329986 0.189559 0.108891 0.062552 0.035933 0.020641 0.011857 0.006811 0.003913 1.006933
7 0.92 0.484444 0.234686 0.113693 0.055078 0.026682 0.012926 0.006262 0.003034 0.00147 0.000712 0.936836
8 1.011111 0.472222 0.222994 0.105303 0.049726 0.023482 0.011089 0.005236 0.002473 0.001168 0.000551 0.9918299 0.923333 0.618889 0.383023 0.237049 0.146707 0.090795 0.056192 0.034777 0.021523 0.01332 0.008244 0.923521
-120.4741 1713.725 -9363.393 24129.46 -26216.36 0 15169.83 0 0 0 -9580.2
0.683089 0.784875 0.887162 0.931201 0.934554
0.409361 0.167577 0.068599 0.028082 0.011496 0.004706 0.001926 0.000789 0.000323 0.000132 1.154474
Zone Sec
Coefficient
Regression2
status
Improvement %
Individual Input
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Multiple Regression Analysis
(5/6)Thermal Comfort to Proportional Passive Design AreaYC X
1X
2X
3X
4X
5X
6X
7X
8X
9X
10YP
PPDA TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC PPDA
1 KIV 1.084444 0.324444 0.105264 0.034152 0.011081 0.003595 0.001166 0.000378 0.000123 3.98E-05 1.29E-05 1.045423
2 1.068889 0.291111 0.084746 0.02467 0.007182 0.002091 0.000609 0.000177 5.16E-05 1.5E-05 4.37E-06 1.024799
3 1.109444 0.324444 0.105264 0.034152 0.011081 0.003595 0.001166 0.000378 0.000123 3.98E-05 1.29E-05 1.045423
4 1.071111 0.324444 0.105264 0.034152 0.011081 0.003595 0.001166 0.000378 0.000123 3.98E-05 1.29E-05 1.045423
5 1.073333 0.398889 0.159112 0.063468 0.025317 0.010099 0.004028 0.001607 0.000641 0.000256 0.000102 1.021485
6 1.007778 0.37 0.1369 0.050653 0.018742 0.006934 0.002566 0.000949 0.000351 0.00013 4.81E-05 1.071235
7 0.92 0.304444 0.092686 0.028218 0.008591 0.002615 0.000796 0.000242 7.38E-05 2.25E-05 6.84E-06 1.029603
8 1.011111 0.322222 0.103827 0.033455 0.01078 0.003474 0.001119 0.000361 0.000116 3.74E-05 1.21E-05 1.043369
9 0.923333 0.415556 0.172686 0.071761 0.029821 0.012392 0.00515 0.00214 0.000889 0.00037 0.000154 0.942685
3.105289 -10.32675 -12.67246 92.00316 0 0 -443.7469
0.218714 0.266835 0.266472 0.26668 0.26668 0.26668
0.364075 0.132551 0.048258 0.01757 0.006397 0.002329 0.000848 0.000309 0.000112 4.09E-05 1.072328
Improvement %
Individual Input
Zone Sec
Coefficient
Regression2
status
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Multiple Regression Analysis
(6/6)Operational Cost to Proportional Passive Design AreaYC X
1X
2X
3X
4X
5X
6X
7X
8X
9X
10YP
PPDA OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC OC PPDA
1 KIV 1.084444 0.344444 0.118642 0.040866 0.014076 0.004848 0.00167 0.000575 0.000198 6.82E-05 2.35E-05 0.997729
2 1.068889 0.285556 0.081542 0.023285 0.006649 0.001899 0.000542 0.000155 4.42E-05 1.26E-05 3.61E-06 1.033272
3 1.109444 0.437778 0.191649 0.0839 0.036729 0.016079 0.007039 0.003082 0.001349 0.000591 0.000259 1.099368
4 1.071111 0.277778 0.07716 0.021433 0.005954 0.001654 0.000459 0.000128 3.54E-05 9.85E-06 2.74E-06 1.055586
5 1.073333 0.275556 0.075931 0.020923 0.005765 0.001589 0.000438 0.000121 3.32E-05 9.16E-06 2.52E-06 1.065235
6 1.007778 0.277778 0.07716 0.021433 0.005954 0.001654 0.000459 0.000128 3.54E-05 9.85E-06 2.74E-06 1.055586
7 0.92 0.447778 0.200505 0.089782 0.040202 0.018002 0.008061 0.003609 0.001616 0.000724 0.000324 0.925986
8 1.011111 0.386667 0.149511 0.057811 0.022354 0.008643 0.003342 0.001292 0.0005 0.000193 7.47E-05 1.029013
9 0.923333 0.333333 0.111111 0.037037 0.012346 0.004115 0.001372 0.000457 0.000152 5.08E-05 1.69E-05 1.007669
189.4128 -2281.454 9747.567 -15153.75 0 0 45308.43 0 -77977.5
0.077937 0.370622 0.495785 0.510116 0.510116
0.424231 0.179972 0.07635 0.03239 0.013741 0.005829 0.002473 0.001049 0.000445 0.000189 1.162568
Zone Sec
Coefficient
Regression2
status
Improvement %
Individual Input
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Transport the Data
LAV
PGA
TC
OC
Optimized
Valuesthrough
MRA
VOCIThe Link
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The Link (1/2)Main Parameters
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n AverageTC 0.3 0.4 0.05 0.33 0.06 0.29 0.4 0.19 0.27 0.254444OC 0.4 0.3 0.12 0.44 0.32 0.18 0.3 0.35 0.32 0.303333
PGA 0.1 0.2 0.18 0.1 0.14 0.36 0.1 0.25 0.14 0.174444LAV 0.2 0.1 0.65 0.13 0.48 0.17 0.2 0.21 0.27 0.267778Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n AverageTC 0.23 0.28 0.35 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.284444OC 0.34 0.22 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.35 0.281111
PGA 0.17 0.25 0.21 0.38 0.29 0.32 0.21 0.19 0.23 0.25LAV 0.26 0.25 0.1 0.05 0.14 0.21 0.24 0.28 0.13 0.184444Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
TC 0.267901OC 0.268765PGA 0.234815
LAV 0.228519
Zone 1
Combined Average
Zone 9
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The Link (2/2)Passive Design Area Preference Ranking
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
AW 0.18 0.32 0.15 0.2 0.4 0.29 0.2 0.29 0.27 0.255556
FD 0.2 0.12 0.12 0.24 0.22 0.18 0.3 0.25 0.32 0.216667VO 0.23 0.2 0.3 0.13 0.1 0.18 0.25 0.1 0.15 0.182222CS 0.1 0.22 0.18 0.2 0.14 0.36 0.1 0.25 0.14 0.187778
WP 0.29 0.14 0.25 0.23 0.14 -0.01 0.15 0.11 0.12 0.157778Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case .. Case n Average
AW 0.21 0.23 0.24 0.14 0.23 0.23 0.15 0.3 0.14 0.207778
FD 0.24 0.2 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.29 0.12 0.19 0.2VO 0.25 0.15 0.3 0.23 0.17 0.17 0.1 0.25 0.23 0.205556CS 0.1 0.18 0.1 0.26 0.23 0.16 0.3 0.13 0.25 0.19
WP 0.2 0.24 0.15 0.18 0.19 0.26 0.16 0.2 0.19 0.196667Total 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
C.AverageAW 0.22037
FD 0.224444VO 0.206296
CS 0.173951WP 0.174938Total 1
Zone 1
Zone 9
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VOCI - Decision Simulation
Weightage PPDA Combined
TC 0.2679012 1.072328 0.287278OC 0.2687654 1.162568 0.312458
PGA 0.2348148 1.154474 0.271088
LAV 0.2285185 1.086536 0.248294 UOM m
2
Total 1.000 4.476 1.119 388.000 (Total Area)
434.218 (Total PDA)
Final Output (1/2)
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Final Output (2/2)
Priority m2
Ranking
AW 0.220 95.689 2.000FD 0.224 97.458 1.000
VO 0.206 89.577 3.000
CA 0.174 75.532 5.000
BP 0.175 75.961 4.000Checking 0.000
Priority (Allocation settings)
(Optimum PPDA for
each parameter)
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Hypothesis TestingH0 M1 = M0
H1 M1 M0
where M1 = 1.119
M0 = 1.029938
SD1 = 0.072346N = 9
(Z-test) (T-test)
Hypothesis Testing 3.698045 3.48655
with tail-test of one two one two
At confidence level of 0.95 0.05 0.025 0.05 0.025Tabled value is 1.645 1.96 1.86 2.306
Therefore, Ho is rejected rejected rejected rejected
(Conclusion: There is significant difference between the amendment of the design layout).
(for PDA Comparison)
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Expected Contribution
To estimate the passive design areas
for optimizing natural ventilation
performance within a building. To provide a basic guideline for the
designers for allocation of passive
areas within and around a building.
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Limitation
Applicable for low density office
buildings (one or two storey).
Suitable for office buildings surroundedby spacious green environment.
Useful for areas with consistent outdoor
temperature and air velocity. Initial costs for ventilation systems are
considered as sunk costs.
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THANK YOU
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