voice - mike parsons
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BS 5839 Part 8: 2008Fire Alarm Voice Evacuation Systems
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Fire Division Sales Director of ID Fire and Security Ltd
30 years’ experience in the UK fire and security industry
Member of the Institute of Sound and Communication
Engineers (ISCE)
Member of the Institute of Healthcare Engineering and
Estate Management (IHEEM)
About Mike Parsons
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Presentation Overview
• What is a voice alarm system?
• Categories of voice alarm systems
• Standards
• System design considerations
• Questions
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A Voice Alarm is the soundercircuit(s) of a Fire Detection
and Alarm System
What is a voice alarm system?
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Why have a voice alarm system?
• Research has proven that in an emergency people will react without confusion orpanic if they receive a clear, intelligible message.
• Bells and sounders only give a warning, they do not indicate the nature of theemergency.
• Phased evacuation using clear, easily understood, pre-recorded messagesensures that even untrained personnel are evacuated speedily and efficiently.
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A typical voice alarm system
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Phased Evacuation - Typical Office Block or Hotel
ROOF7th floor
6th floor
5th floor
4th floor
3rd
floor2nd floor
1st floor
ground floor
BASEMENT 1
BASEMENT 2
ROOF7th floor
6th floor
5th floor
3rd
floor2nd floor
1st floor
ground floor
BASEMENT 1
BASEMENT 2
EVACUATEalert
alert
EVACUATE
EVACUATE alert
alert
alert
EVACUATE
EVACUATE
EVACUATE
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V1 : Automatic evacuation (No microphone)
V2 : Live emergency messages(Automatic plus All Call Emergency microphone)
V3 : Zonal live emergency messages(Automatic plus Zonal Emergency microphone)
V4 : Manual controls(Automatic plus Zonal Emergency microphone & message control)
V5 : Engineered systems(e.g. Wembley Stadium, Ascot Racecourse)
Voice alarm system categories
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V1 - Typically simple acoustic spaces NOT requiring an(All Call) Emergency mic. (a VA system may also be used)
Voice sounders
Inexpensive
Similar to normal sounders
Simple installation
No large equipment racks
If used must comply with EN54 Pt3 A2 :2006
ₓ Multiple messages need a separate controller
ₓ No facility for live speech
ₓ Cannot achieve intelligibility in difficult spaces
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Extremely cost-effective
Full compliance with BS5839 Pt8
Compact design
No special interfacing
Connects to the detection loop Uses standard cause and effects
Emergency microphone input
Paging and music inputs
Natural sounding speech
V2 - Simple acoustic spaces requiring an (All Call)
Emergency microphone - single zone VA system
VA wall-mount amplifiers
AVAC - a single zone voice alarm system
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V3 - V5 Simple / difficult acoustic spaces requiring a (Zonal)
Emergency microphone - multi-zone VA system
VA floor mount racks
INTEGRITY - a 2 to 64 Zone voice alarm system
Compliance with BS5839 Pt8
Facility for live announcements
Can be used for public address & music
Natural sounding speech
Can cope with difficult acoustic spaces
ₓ Can be considered expensive
ₓ Speaker design is seen as a black art
ₓ Complexity of interface to fire alarm
ₓ Equipment racks take up lots of space
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Design, Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance
• BS 5839-8: 2008
Product
• EN 54-16: 2008 VACIE in force from April 2011 (incorporates EN54-4 PSU’s)
• EN 54-23: 2010 Visual Alarm Devices
• EN 54-24: 2008 Loudspeakers in force from April 2011• EN 54-3 A2: 2006 Voice Enhanced Sounders
• BS EN54-25: 2008 (Radio Linked Components)
Voice alarm standards
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A PA/VA rackexample in a
Premier LeagueFootball Club
Stadium whichhas now been
replaced
This will not comply
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1. What type of building is it?
2. What is the evacuation strategy?
3. How many emergency loudspeaker zones?
4. How many paging/music zones?
5. What input sources are required?
Emergency Microphones - All-call or Zonal
Emergency Messages - Alert, Evacuate, Test, Security or Custom Paging Microphones - All-call or Zonal
Background Music Sources- CD, Satellite Download, Tuner etc
6. What is the ambient noise level in each space in dBA?
This allows loudspeaker design, tapping / loading requirements
7. The reverberation time of any difficult spaces (i.e. atriums)To see if specialist design help is needed
Designing a voice alarm system
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Voice alarm acoustics
ACOUSTICALLY EASY
(LESS than 75dBA Ambient / RT60 1.5 Sec - Little Echo)• Shop units• Office blocks• Hotels
ACOUSTICALLY DIFFICULT
(MORE than 75dBA Ambient / RT60 1.5 Sec - More Echo)Public areas of:• Shopping malls• Cinemas, theatres• Airports, railway stations• Swimming pools and leisure centres
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Acoustic Design
When selecting loudspeakers for a particular application, there are two basic
requirements to take into account. 1) Sound Pressure Level (SPL) – How loud!
2) Intelligibility – How clear!
Output level should be such that messages can be comfortably heard by all people
with normal hearing in 95% of the area. The information must be intelligible (understood)
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Sound pressure level (SPL) measured in decibels (dBA)
How loud - 1
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How increasing the speech signal
above ambient noise improvesIntelligibility.
Speech signal to background noiselevel ratio should be:
At least 10dBA+
Level ofambient noise
How loud - 2
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How the ambient noise level
can vary at a football match
If the ambient noise is likely to vary a lot consider ambient noise sensing
Used in applications such as: Exhibition Halls Baggage Reclaims Halls
How loud - 3
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Ambient Noise/Reverberation - Easy Spaces
ApplicationTypical
ambient dBA
BS5839 Pt8
required + 10dBA
Reverberation timein seconds
Classroom (quiet) 56 to 65 66 to 750.5 to 1.2
Classroom (noisy) 64 to 72 74 to 82
Conference / meeting room 40 to 45 65+ 0.6 to 1.3
Corridor (uncarpeted, quiet) 45 to 55 65+0.5 to 1.2
Corridor (uncarpeted, noisy) 66 to 76 76 to 86
Corridor (carpeted) 25 to 32 65+ 0.3 to 0.7
Courtrooms 40 to 50 65+ 0.5 to 1.0Factories (control rooms) 70 to 75 80 to 85 0.5 to 1.0
Hotel bedrooms (TV off) 25 to 35 75+0.4 to 0.6
Hotel bedrooms (TV on) 60 to 70 75+
Library (quiet reading area) 35 to 45 65+0.5 to 0.8
Library (noisy reading area) e.g. reception 50 to 60 65+
Offices (cellular) Less than 60 m2 40 to 50 60+
0.4 to 0.9Offices (open plan) 50 to 70 65 to 80
Offices (noisy) 70 to 85 80 to 95
Restaurants 72 to 75 82 to 85 0.5 to 1.0
Shops/stores (quiet) 50 to 60 65+0.3 to 0.8
Shops/stores (noisy) 65 to 75 75 to 85
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Ambient Noise/Reverberation - Difficult Spaces
ApplicationTypical
ambient dBA
BS5839 Pt8
required + 10dBA
Reverberation time inseconds
Bank or building society (public area) 51 to 64 65 to 74 0.8 to 2.0
Cafeteria (quiet) 55 to 65 65 to 751.0 to 1.8
Cafeteria (noisy) 65 to 78 75 to 88
Factory (light assembly) 80 to 85 90 to 95 1.5 to 3.0
Factory (heavy engineering) 95 to 105 105 to 115 Consult specialist
Kitchen (commercial) 65 to 75 75 to 85 1.0 to 2.0
Leisure centre (multipurpose halls) 80 90 0.9 to 1.6
Leisure centre (ice rinks, public session) 69 to 80 79 to 90 Consult specialist
Leisure centre (swimming, diving pools) 72 to 79 82 to 89 1.5 to 3.0
Plant room (quiet boiler) 66 to 72 76 to 82
0.7 to 1.5Plant room (noisy boiler) 76 to 86 86 to 96
Plant room (air handling) 84 to 87 94 to 97
Plant room (compressor) 89 to 93 99 to 103 1.0 to 1.5
Shopping mall 70 to 75 80 to 85 Consult specialistSports hall (quiet) 60 to 72 70 to 82
1.0 to 2.5Sports hall (noisy) 72 to 82 82 to 92
Sports hall (loud ball games) 78 to 93 88 to 103
Warehouse (quiet) 47 to 63 65 to 731.5 to 2.5
Warehouse (noisy) 63 to 80 73 to 90
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• Intelligibility is measured using the STI(Speech Transmission Index) which has arange 0 to 1
• The minimum BS 5839 Pt8 requirement forintelligibility is 0.5 STI - this is not difficult to
achieve in simple spaces
• BS 5839 Pt8 says STI does not need to bemeasured unless it is disputed
How clear - 1
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Subjective methods
• A trained speaker reads text, syllables orwords.
• Listeners write down what they believethey have understood.
Standardized Methods:• CVC (Consonant – Vocal – Consonant)
• SRT (Speech Reception Threshold)
• CIS (Common Intelligibility Standard)
All these methods are very costly & timeconsuming and therefore only used to verify
technical methods.
How clear - 2
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Example of SPL reduction over distance
Standing
Floor
Sitting
What is the listening height?
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Types of loudspeaker
Recessed Ceiling
Vandal Resistant Cabinet
Standard Cabinet
Industrial Projector
Standard Projector
Bi-Directional Projector
Column
IP 66 Rated Horn
Suspended Sphere / Pendant
Specific Stadium Application
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Tapping / connecting loudspeakers
EOLD Amplifier
Important
Most manufacturers supply loudspeakers tapped at maximum and they almost always need to be tapped lower. And
may need to be altered at the commissioning stage
Spurs are not allowed
10W
5W
2.5W
1.25W
Common
POWERTAPPING
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What kind of loudspeaker?
VA Loudspeakers have to comply with BS5839 Pt8 which requires:
• Terminal blocks (usually ceramic) that are able to withstand a similar temperaturefor a similar duration to that of the interconnecting cable for example:
• 830ºC (PH30 Standard cables) 930ºC (PH120 Enhanced cables)
• Recessed ceiling loudspeakers (when used) fitted with a protective non-combustible fire dome that is able to withstand a temperature of 850ºC.Note: the fire dome does not have to be completely sealed.
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Recessed ceiling
loudspeaker
Cabinet loudspeaker
Steerable loudspeaker
(horn, projector,
pendant, etc)
Installing loudspeakers
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What kind of loudspeaker?
Acoustically EASY (LESS than 75 dBA Ambient / RT60 1.5 Sec)
Ceiling Loudspeakers
For flush fitting into a Suspended
Ceiling (less than 4M). Provide even
sound distribution e.g. open plan office,
department stores and supermarkets etc.3 Metres from a wall and then 6 Metre Centres
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What kind of loudspeaker?
Acoustically DIFFICULT (MORE than 75 dBA Ambient / RT60 1.5 Sec)
Pendant Loudspeakers
For retail/distribution
applications which
have high ceilings
and/or racking/aisles
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Microphone Technique
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Seek proof of competency
1. Member of the Institute of Sound and
Communication Engineers (ISCE)www.isce.org.uk
2. Member of the Institute of Acoustics (IOA)www.ioa.org.uk
3. A brand new course for fire industry
professionals to be launched inSeptember 2011.
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Thank you for attending
ID Fire & Security Ltd Shepley House, Restmor Way,
Hackbridge, Surrey SM6 7AH
Tel: 020 8773 3377 Fax: 020 8773 4956Email: info@id-group.co.uk
Visit our website at www.idfireandsecurity.co.uk
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