warm-up
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Define words for 33.3
Warm-Up
Ch. 33.3 – The Respiratory System
All cells require a constant supply of oxygen for cellular respiration.
Recall C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
Respiration means the process of gas exchange between a body and the environment.
Human respiratory system picks up oxygen from the air we inhale and releases carbon dioxide into the air we exhale.
With each breath air fills our lungs and gas exchange occurs there.
The circulatory system links the gas exchange to the rest of our body.
Background Information
Structures of the Respiratory System
Consists of The noseThe pharynxThe tracheaThe bronchiThe lungs
Air must be filtered, moistened and warmed before entering the lungs
Hairs lining the entrance to the nasal cavity trap large particles
Incoming air is warmed in the inner nasal cavity and sinuses.
Mucus is produced that moistens the air and further filters.
The Nose
A cavity at the back of the mouth
Also called the throat
Serves as a passageway for both air and food
The Pharynx
After the pharynx air moves through the larynx to the trachea.
Contains two highly elastic folds of tissue known as the vocal cords.
These tissues give you the ability to produce sounds
When muscles pull the vocal cords together, the air moving between them causes the cords to vibrate and produce sounds.
The Larynx
Also known as the windpipe
When you shallow food or liquids, the epiglottis (a flap of tissue) covers the entrance to make the food or liquids go down the esophagus.
Lined with mucus that trap any inhaled particles.
Cilia lining the trachea sweep both the mucus and trapped particles upwards towards the pharynx. From there, the mucus and particles can be swallowed or spit
out This helps keep the lungs clean and open form the important
work of gas exchange.
The Trachea
Air then moves into the bronchi (singular: bronchus) – which are two large tubes in the chest cavity leading to each of the lungs.
The bronchus divides into smaller bronchi which then divides into the bronchioles (even smaller)
Bronchi and bronchioles are surrounded by smooth muscle tissue controlled by the autonomic nervous system As the muscles contract and relax, the size of the passageways
change.
Further divide until they reach the alveoli (singular: alveolus) Alveoli are grouped into clusters Surrounded by a delicate network of capillaries where the gas
exchange occurs.
The Lungs
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