water absorption
Post on 10-Jan-2016
57 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Water AbsorptionBiochar PropertiesBiochar Properties
Micropore Sponge
Tar & Resin Residues
Soil Water Filtration
Immense internal capacitySoil porosity & permeabilityGradual releaseKeeps soil wetterKeeps microbiology active in drought
Black specks, shiny in sunlightOily hydrocarbonsInitially hydrophobicVOC and PAH: multi-ring carbons Carbon-ring candy: feast for microbes
Absorption, followed by adsorptionWater quality in watershedsRole of microbes in filtration and Soil Food WebSand Biofilter + Biochar
Ion AdsorptionIon AdsorptionAdsorbAdsorb (verb) (verb) Physical ChemistryPhysical Chemistry to gather on a surface in a condensed layerto gather on a surface in a condensed layerAdsorb:
charcoal will adsorb gases
Adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules Adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to create a film on a surface of the adsorbent.to create a film on a surface of the adsorbent.
Adsorb
(gas, liquid, or dissolved solid)(gas, liquid, or dissolved solid)
Adsorption is a surface process.
Absorption involves the whole volume of material.
Sorption applies to both processes.
Desorption is the reverse of adsorption, and is thus a surface phenomenon.
This differs from This differs from AAbbsorptionsorption, , where a fluid permeates or is dissolved by or into a solid,where a fluid permeates or is dissolved by or into a solid,such as: such as: water is awater is abbsorbed by a spongesorbed by a sponge. .
d
Biochar PropertiesBiochar Properties
CationsCations are made when atoms give up one or more electrons are made when atoms give up one or more electronsCations
Oxygen becomes a mild negative (−) chargeHydrogens each have a slight positive (+) charge
−+
AAddsorbsorb (verb) (verb) Physical ChemistryPhysical Chemistry to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:
Each element has different attraction for electrons
Cations (+) Anions (−)
Nitrogen, Boron, IodinePhosphorus, Sulfur, ChlorineSodium, Potassium, Calcium,
Magnesiummost Trace Elements
Hydrogen has a weak attraction for electronsOxygen has a strong attraction for electrons
Typically, Typically, AAddsorptionsorption is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules is an electric attraction between atoms and moleculesquite different from Absorption
AnionsAnions form when atoms gain one or more electrons form when atoms gain one or more electronsand thus have a and thus have a positive (+)positive (+) charge charge
+
and thus have a and thus have a negative (−)negative (−) charge charge
In a water molecule, Hydrogen yields its electronOxygen attracts two electrons
Thus, a water molecule has an electric polarity,
−
H2Owatermolecule
Anions
Ion AdsorptionIon AdsorptionBiochar PropertiesBiochar Properties
hydrogenbond
−
+
AAddsorbsorb (verb) (verb) Physical ChemistryPhysical Chemistry to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:Typically, Typically, AdsorptionAdsorption is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules
H2Owatermolecule
+−
An An HH22O waterO water molecule is not an molecule is not an IonIon, ,
protons +protons + − − electronselectrons==because it has no net electric chargebecause it has no net electric charge
But But waterwater molecules do have electric polarity, molecules do have electric polarity,and attract ions and other polarized molecules
including other water molecules.with opposite electric charge,
A useful example of attraction between polarized moleculesis the “hydrogen bond” between adjacent water molecules.
Hydrogen bonds make water “wet” and stick to itself.This slight electric attraction makes water a great solvent,and gives water structure as a “liquid crystal.” +
+−−
Cations (+)Cations (+) Anions (−)Anions (−)
Nitrogen, Boron, IodineNitrogen, Boron, IodinePhosphorus, Sulfur, ChlorinePhosphorus, Sulfur, ChlorineSodium, Potassium, Calcium, MagnesiumSodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
most Trace Elementsmost Trace Elements
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
balancebalance==
Ion AdsorptionIon AdsorptionBiochar PropertiesBiochar Properties
Humic substance
C27O20Hx
very low molecular weight
AAddsorbsorb (verb) (verb) Physical ChemistryPhysical Chemistry to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:Typically, Typically, AdsorptionAdsorption is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules is an electric attraction between atoms and molecules
Humus and biochar moleculesHumus and biochar molecules
These are very large molecules
This attraction quickly gets much more complex with biocarbon moleculesThis attraction quickly gets much more complex with biocarbon molecules
consist of tens, hundreds, consist of tens, hundreds,
Nitrogenswith multiple carbon rings,
and embedded mineral Ions.
Each ring, Nitrogen, Oxygen, andmineral Ion is an electric chargeon the surface of the molecule.
even thousands of carbons.even thousands of carbons.
Each charge site will attract andadsorb Ions of opposite polarity.
and Oxygens,
Humic substance
C72O33N4Hx+ 2Rlow molecular weight
+
− −
−
−−
−− −
−− −
+
+
+
++
+−
−
−−
−−
−−
−−
−− −−
−
Cations (+)Cations (+) Anions (−)Anions (−)
Nitrogen, Boron, IodineNitrogen, Boron, IodinePhosphorus, Sulfur, ChlorinePhosphorus, Sulfur, ChlorineSodium, Potassium, Calcium, MagnesiumSodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
most Trace Elementsmost Trace Elements
Ion AdsorptionIon AdsorptionBiochar PropertiesBiochar Properties
−−
−
−− −−
−
+
−−
++
++
− −
−−
−−−
+
−−
−−− −
−+
− −
Adsorb (verb) Physical Chemistry to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:Typically, Adsorption is an electric attraction between atoms and moleculesThis attraction quickly gets much more complex with biocarbon molecules
Humic substance
C72O33N4Hx+ 2Rlow molecular weight
Biochar micropores provide a hugeBiochar micropores provide a hugeinternal internal IonIon aaddsorptionsorption capacity, capacity,hundreds, even thousands timeshundreds, even thousands timesgreater than other soil substances.greater than other soil substances.
Thus, charcoal is an ideal mediato filter and purify water.
Biochar’s advantage is to adsorbboth Cations (+) and Anions
(−),Including Nitrogen & Phosphorus.Nitrogen Phosphorus
Simple mineral ions
Complex organic ions
Nitrogen, Boron, Iodine
Cations (+)Cations (+) Anions (−)Anions (−)
Nitrogen, Boron, IodineNitrogen, Boron, Iodine
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, MagnesiumSodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesiummost Trace Elementsmost Trace Elements
PhosphorusPhosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Sulfur, ChlorinePhosphorus, Sulfur, ChlorinePhosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine
Ion AdsorptionIon AdsorptionBiochar PropertiesBiochar Properties
CharcoalCharcoalCharcoalCharcoal
WaterWaterWaterWater
NutrientNutrientSolutionSolution
MiracleMiracleGroGro
fertilizerfertilizer
concentratedconcentratedweakweak
Nutrientsadsorped+
CationsCations & & AnionsAnions are attracted to electric charges on char particles are attracted to electric charges on char particles
Microbes can free elements chemically bound in soil and rocks
Pure water run thru all day barely affects ion concentrations,
and gradually removed from the soil-water solution.and gradually removed from the soil-water solution.
by an active digestive process different from exchanging ions.
Adsorped Adsorped ionsions are loosely held, not bonded are loosely held, not bonded
Hydrometer
pumppump
Charcoal adsorption removes and neutralizes toxic chemicals
This electric attraction is like water’s This electric attraction is like water’s hydrogen bondhydrogen bond
AAddsorbsorb (verb) (verb) Physical ChemistryPhysical Chemistry to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:to gather on a surface in a condensed layer:
CCation ation EExchange xchange CCapacityapacity AAnion nion EExchange xchange CCapacityapacity
Slowly, the ion concentration in solution will drop
because ions are adsorped onto and into char particles, and held.
Adsorption also holds nutrient ions safely in soil
Cations (+)Cations (+) Anions (−)Anions (−)
Nitrogen, Boron, IodineNitrogen, Boron, IodinePhosphorus, Sulfur, ChlorinePhosphorus, Sulfur, ChlorineSodium, Potassium, Calcium, MagnesiumSodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium
most Trace Elementsmost Trace Elements
Ion AdsorptionIon AdsorptionBiochar PropertiesBiochar Properties
H+ traded for nutrient ions
top related