water purification methods

WATER PURIFICATION METHODS

Natural purification

Purification at small scale

Purification at large scale

Natural purification methods

•Aeration

•Oxidation

•Filtration through

layers of soil

•Aquatic animals

•Evaporation

•Flow of water

PURIFICATION AT SMALL SCALE

• DOMESTIC FILTER

• BOILING

• CHEMICAL PROCESS

1. DOMESTIC FILTER

A. CLOTH FILTER

B. CERAMIC FILTER

INSTUCTIONS TO USE THE FILTER CANDLE

C. ULTRA VIOLET FILTER

PARTS OF ULTRA VIOLET FILTER

• Pre filter

• Activated carbon

• Ultra violet chamber

• Electronic monitoring system

2. BOILING

• Advantages:

– Simple and effective method of purification

– Will kill many waterborne bacteria through the intense heat

– Uses local available materials

• Disadvantages:

– Can sometimes be difficult, time consuming, and cost inefficient because of the

high volume of fuel used

– Will not remove mud from ‘murky’ water

– Will not remove suspended or dissolved compounds

3. CHEMICAL PROCESS

BLEACHING POWDER

• Advantages:

– Easy to use method of chemical purification of water

– Effective at killing bacteria and viruses

– Inexpensive

• Disadvantages:

– Not effective at killing all parasites.

– Complex compounds can form with organic material which over time can be

hazardous to health.

– It is best to use the water in a shorter period of time and store it in a plastic

container in a cool and shaded place.

CHLORINE SOLUTION

CHLORINE TABLET

• Halazone tablet is available

in the market.

• Good to disinfect the small

quantities of water.

• Costly.

• 0.5 g sufficient to disinfect

20 liter of water.

INSTRUCTIONS TO USE CHLORINE TABLET

ALUM

IODINE

• Emergency method to disinfect

the water.

• Two drops of iodine with 2%

ethanol solution sufficient for I

liter of water.

• Larger amount will stimulate

thyroid activity.

POTTASIUM PERMANGANATE

• No longer recommended

for disinfection of water.

• It will alter the color,

smell and taste of water.