water supply vs water demand - wash-alliance.org · water demand vs supply 9 water supply water...
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WatersupplyvsWaterDemand
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CATCHMENTarea
WatersupplyvsWaterDemandSupply Demand
Currentstatus/availabilityofwaterresources
Wateruses:WASH,foodproduc?on,energy,ecosystem,etc
Currentstatus/availabilityofwaterinfrastructure
Waterusers:nrofpeople,nrofschools,nrofhealthcentres,etc
Dependencebetweenwatersourcesinthesystems
Re-usepoten?albetweendifferentuses
Waterqualityissuesatsourcesandinfrastructure
Watequalitydemands
Spa?alandseasonaldifferencesinsupply Spa?alandseasonaldifferencesindemand
Technologyop?onsbasedonwaterresources
Technologydemand
2
Doesthesupplymeetthedemand?
WaterDemand
Basic:• Uses:domes?c(WASH),produc?ve
• Users:nrofhouseholds,nrofpeople• Demandstowardswaterquality
à Fieldsurvey/mapping
Secondlayer:
• Seasonaldemanddifferences• Nowandthefuture(climatechange,popula?ongrowth,etc)
àDeskresearch
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Exampleofwaterdemandcalcula?on(domes?c)
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Ward N r o f h h (2016)
Expected nr of hh (2030)
N r o f p e o p l e (2016)
Expected nr of people (2030)
Litres per hh / day (2030)
Litres per day/ward (2030)
1 76 99 456 593 270 26.676
2 37 48 222 289 270 12.987
3 42 55 252 328 270 14.742
4 118 153 708 920 270 41.418
5 124 161 744 967 270 43.524
6 155 202 930 1.209 270 54.405
7 117 152 702 913 270 41.067
8 197 256 1182 1.537 270 69.147
9 171 222 1026 1.334 270 60.021
Total 1,037 1.348 6222 8.089 2.430 363.987
Waterdemandconsidera?ons
• Istherecompe??onbetweenwaterforWASHandotheruses(nowandinthefuture)?• Istherere-usepoten?albetweendifferentuses?• Ifthereisalreadyaspecifictechnologydemand,isthisistheappropriatetechnology?
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Watersupply
Basic:• Currentstatus/availabilityofwaterresources• Currentstatus/availabilityofwaterinfrastructure• Dependencebetweenwatersourcesinthesystems• WaterqualityissuesatsourcesandinfrastructureàFieldsurvey/mappingSecondlayer:• Spa?alandseasonaldifferencesinsupply• Technologyop?onsbasedonwaterresourcesàDeskresearch
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Waterdemandvssupply
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Waterresources Waterinfrastructure Waterdemand2016+2030Groundwater:Surfacewater:
Rainfall
M3/day M3/day
Exampleofwatersupply
Waterresources ExisJngwaterinfrastructureGroundwater: river base flow, spring sources andwellsholdwaterthroughouttheyear(>1500m3)
At least 400 m3/ day through river intakes andpiped system (es?ma?on based on informa?onthat water is available throughout the year), atleast150m3fromspringsandwells
Surfacewater: river,fluctua?ngbutholdingwaterthroughout the year, and ponds withhold rainfallandrunoffwater(>400m3)
Storagetanks(8):totalvolume160m3/day(basedon average size of 20 m3 per storage tank, andassump?on that piped system will refill tanksduringthenight)
Rainfall: approximately 1.500 mm per year, dryseasonfromFebruarytoJuly(6months)
Ponds(4):400m3(assump?on100m3perpond)
AllwaterresourceshavepotenJalforuse
>550m3perday
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Waterdemandvssupply
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Watersupply Waterdemand
Sources Infrastructure UsesandUsersGroundwater: riverbaseflow, springsourcesandwells
At least 400 m3/ day through riverintakesandpipedsystem(es?ma?onbased on informa?on that water isavailable throughout the year), atleast150m3fromspringsandwells
Domes?c:40litresp.p.p.d.Noofhouseholds:1.348
Noofpeople:8.089
Surface water: river, fluctua?ng butholding water throughout the year,and ponds withhold rainfall andrunoffwater
Storage tanks (8): total volume 160m3/day(basedonaveragesizeof20m3perstoragetank,andassump?onthat piped system will refill tanksduringthenight)
Cacle:unknown,butallpeoplehavecacle, some have large herds ofcows,pondsareusedaswellasriverwater
Rainfall:approximately1.500mmperyear
Ponds (4): 400 m3 (assump?on 100m3perpond)
Irriga?on:unknown,butthereisalotof irrigated (gravity-led) land andapproximately 30% is used for sugarcaneFish farming: unknown, but somepondsareusedforfishfarming
TotalfordomesJcuses
>550m3perday
364m3perday
Waterdemandvssupply
• P–R–G–E-T=△SP=Precipita?onR=RunoffG=totalGroundwaterouglowET=Evapo-Transpira?on△S=ChangeinStorage
Waterdemandvssupply Scenario1:Nointerven?on• P=500mm• E=3%ofP• T=2%ofP• R=45%ofP• G=10%ofP
• Scenario2:WithInterven?ons• P=500mm• E=3%ofP• T=7%ofP• R=15%ofP• G=15%ofP
• Es?matehowmuchstorage(mm)islehinthewatershedinthetwoscenarios?
• Calculatetheaddi?onalamountofwater(m3)retainedinthecatchment.
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