waterpower laboratory design of a small horizontal axis wind turbine, hawt

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Design of a small horizontal axis wind turbine, HAWT

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Design parameters

• Power Output, P: 300 W• Wind velocity , c: 8 m/s• Tip Speed Ratio, TSR: 5• Assumed efficiency, : 30 %• Number of blades, z: 2• Wing profile: NACA 23015 • Angle of attack, 8o

• Lift coefficient, CL: 0,8• Drag coefficient, CD: 0,01

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Radius of the turbine

mc

PR

cRcP

02,13,082,1

23002

22

1

33

323

D

Where:A = Area [m2]c = Wind velocity [m/s] = Efficiency [ - ]P = Power [W] = Density [kg/m3]R = Radius [m]

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Speed of the turbine

rpmR

TSRcn 374

02,12

6058

2

60

sradn

2,3960

2374

60

2

Where:c = Wind velocity [m/s]n = Speed [rpm] = Angular velocity [rad/s]R = Radius [m]

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322

3

2P

2

1P

crrrz

c

Power through a section of the turbine blade

r

r

A

22 rrrz

A

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Torque force, FT from a section of the turbine blade

r

r

AFT

2

PF

2FP

rr

rr

T

T

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Wing profile

Chord Length, Lchord

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LChord

4

FL

FD

v

AVCF

AVCF

DD

LL

2

2

2

1

2

1

Where:A = Area [m2]a = Angle of attack [degrees]CD = Drag Coefficient [ - ]CL = Lift Coefficient [ - ]FD = Drag Force [N]FL = Lift Force [N]LChord = Chord Length [m] = Density [kg/m3]V = Relative velocity [m/s]

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Ru Peripheral velocity

u

u

c

Wind velocity = c

Relative velocity = V

V

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c

u = ·r

vFL

FD

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c

u = ·r

v

FL

FDv

c

u

AVCF

AVCF

DD

LL

2

2

2

1

2

1

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c

u = ·r

v

FL

FD

v

c

u

FL(Torque)

FD(Torque)

cos

sin

)(

)(

DTorqueD

LTorqueL

FF

FF

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c

u = ·r

v

FL

FD

FT

cos - sin DLT FFF

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vFT

cos - sin2

2DLChordT CCVrLF

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Chord Length, Lchord

cos - sin

2

cos - sin2

2

2

DL

TChord

DLChordT

CCVr

FL

CCVrLF

Lchord

vc

u

2

tan

2

Tan

1

rr

c

rr

c

u

c

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Output data

rA P T FT u v LChord

[m] [m2] [W] [Nm] [N] [m/s] [m/s] [degrees] [m]

0,099 0,03422 3 0,080 0,81 3,9 8,9 64,0 0,2460,196 0,05953 5 0,140 0,71 7,7 11,1 46,1 0,1750,293 0,08891 8 0,209 0,71 11,5 14,0 34,8 0,1390,389 0,11829 11 0,277 0,71 15,3 17,3 27,6 0,1140,486 0,14766 14 0,346 0,71 19,1 20,7 22,7 0,0960,583 0,17704 16 0,415 0,71 22,9 24,3 19,3 0,0820,679 0,20642 19 0,484 0,71 26,7 27,9 16,7 0,0720,776 0,2358 22 0,553 0,71 30,5 31,5 14,7 0,0640,873 0,26518 24 0,622 0,71 34,3 35,2 13,1 0,0580,970 0,29456 27 0,691 0,71 38,1 38,9 11,9 0,052

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