watsan technologies in the coastal areas of bangladesh_ngof
Post on 07-Apr-2018
217 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
1/21
5/25/20
A.B.M.SadiqurRahman
ProgrammeEngineer
NGOForumforDrinkingWaterSupply&Sanitation
CoastalAreasofBangladeshCoastalAreasofBangladesh19districtsoutof64
estuary
147Upazillasintotal
Exposed 48Upazillasin12districts
Interior 99Upazillas
47,000sq.kmcoastalarea, 32%oftotallandmass
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
2/21
5/25/20
WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologiesHandTubeWell
ShallowTubeWell
DeepTubeWellwithDeepSetPump
Shallow/VeryShallowShroudedTubeWell(SST/VSST)
RainWaterHarvestingSystem
Householdbased
Communitybased
PondSandFilter
PondReExcavation
ArsenicIronRemovalPlant
DugWell/RingWell
PipelineWaterSupply
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
3/21
5/25/20
WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies
HTWatShallowAquiferHTWatShallowAquiferShallowTubeWell(U era uiferwithinthedepth45meter)
NowadaysmostlynotpossibleduetosalinityintrusionandArseniccontamination
pperpoc etaqu ero res waterwithdepth15to20meterforSSTand
6to15meterforVSST) Freshaquiferisnowrarelyavailableandscopeof
changeaquifercharacteristicwithinveryshortperiod
WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies
HTWatDeepAquiferHTWatDeepAquifer
DeepTubeWell(Deepaquifer
DeepTubewell DeepTubewellwithDSP
approx ma e y350 ep me er
Mostsuitablefreshwateraquiferbutexpensive
Fewareasarefeasible
Boreholesealingisimportanttoavoiddeepaquifercontamination
Disasterliketidal/stormsurgeandinundationmaycontaminatesothatdisasterpreparednessliketubewellsealingpriortodisasterisnecessarytoavoidcontamination
DeepTubeWellwithDeepSetPump(wherewatertableisbelowthesuctionmode)
Mainlyintheeasterncoastitisnecessary
OtherssameasDeepTubeWell
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
4/21
5/25/20
WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies
RainWaterHarvestingSystemRainWaterHarvestingSystem
HouseholdbasedRWHS
Differentsizes(0.5,1,2,2.5,3.2m3 etc.)
Differentshapes,Circular,Rectangular,JarType
Differentconstructionmaterials,FerroCement,Brickstructure,RCC structure,Plastic,Earthen
Canbeused13familiesalltheyearround
RooftopofcycloneshelterwillbetheappropriatespaceforRWH
roper es gncou ensurea eyearroun use
Lowcostalternativeoption
Sociallyacceptableandsuitableforcoastalareas
Extremelyeffectiveconsideringclimatevulnerability
Sometimesbacteriologicalcontaminationoccurred;requiredproperO&M(Rooftopcleaning,disinfection)
WateWaterr SupplyTechnologiesSupplyTechnologiesRainWaterHarvestingSystemRainWaterHarvestingSystem
Undergroundstoragereservoir
Differentsizes10,20,100m3 andsoondependsondesign
Watercollectedusingahandpumpattachedwiththereservoir
Forlargerreservoirusingmotorpump,deliverwatertotheOHTanddistributin
throughpipelinenetwork Communitymanaged
Goodsolutionforsalineproneareas
Primarytreatment(filtration)mightbeintroducedtoavoidcontamination
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
5/21
5/25/20
WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies
PSFandPondRehabilitationPSFandPondRehabilitationPondSandFilter(PSF)
Surfacewatertreatmentcombinationwithroughingandslowsandfiltration
Handpumpisusedforwatercollectionfrompond
Raisingpondbanktoprotectsalinewaterintrusion
Ponsshouldbeprotectedfromalltypesofcontamination
RegularO&Misrequiredforgoodperformance
Goodoptionforsalineareas
Pond
Rehabilitation Rehabilitationandexcavationponddoneinthe
Aila affectedareas
Bankprotectionisrequired
Goodoptionforsalinityremediation
WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologiesAIRPAIRP
rsenicIronRemovalPlant(AIRP)
Groundwatertreatmentcombinationofaeration,sedimentationandfiltration
ExistingArseniccontaminatedtube
wellbecomesoperationalandthussaveeconomyratherabandoningthewell
RegularO&Misrequiredforproperfunctioning
SuitableforArsenicaffectedareas
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
6/21
5/25/20
WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologies
DugWell/RingWellDugWell/RingWell
Typesofaerobicwell,reducesmetalcontent (As,Feetc.)ofgroundwatercontactingwithair
Propersanitaryprotectionisensuredratherthanthetraditionaloneattachingwithhandtubewellforwaterextraction
Suitableforeasterncoastratherthan
westerncoastalareas Riskofcontaminationwheninundated
byfloodwater
WaterSupplyTechnologiesWaterSupplyTechnologiesPipelineWaterSupplyPipelineWaterSupply
PipelineWaterSupply
Sourceisgroundwater/surfacewaterwithtreatment/rainwater
Undergroundand/oroverheadreservoir
Smallnetworkofpipelinefordistributionandasinglestandpostforeachhousehold
Monthlytariffcollectionsystem forO&M Communitymanaged
Suitableforcongestedvillage
Riskofcontaminationislessandafterdisaster,reclamationcanbedoneeasily
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
7/21
5/25/20
Sanitation
TechnologiesSanitation
TechnologiesPitLatrine
Singlepit(Direct&Offset)
Twinepit(Offset)
PourFlushLatrine(Waterseal,Direct&Offset)
RaisedPlatform
HomemadeLatrine
VentilatedImprovePit(VIP)
SanPlat
PlasticLatrine
EcoSanToilet(Drysanitation)
Clusterlatrine/CommunityLatrinewithSepticTank&SoakPit
SanitationTechnologiesSanitationTechnologiesPitPitLatrineLatrine
DirectPitLatrine
Lowcost
Most commonandacceptable
Relocationrequiredifnotdeslud ed
Desludgingisdifficult
Scopeofcontaminationduringinundation
Raisedplatformwillbeadaptivemeasure
SinglePit
WaterSealed
WaterSealedwith
PlasticPan
SanPlat
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
8/21
5/25/20
SanitationTechnologiesSanitationTechnologiesPitPit
LatrineLatrineOffsetPitLatrine
Userfriendly
Easymaintenance
Desludgingiseasy
Twinpitprovidemorevolumewithoutincreasingdepth
ternat vetw np t oesnot nee relocationandfrequentdesludging
Scopeofcontaminationislessthandirectpit
Superstructurecanbeatthevicinityofthehomestead
Pit
Offset(watersealed)
Pit
Offset(watersealed)
PlasticSlabwithPan PlasticRing
as c a r ne
NGOForumsinnovation
EasetransportationthantheRCC
Ring,slabandpanmadeofhighqualityplastic(PP)anddemountable
Lesswaterrequiredfor flushing
LatrineconstructedwithPlasticRingSlab
,
,
tosalinitywillnotoccurred
Relocationiseasy
Highlyadaptiveinthesalineproneareas
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
9/21
5/25/20
SanitationTechnologiesSanitationTechnologies
EcologicalSanitationEcologicalSanitationEcoSanTechnology
Environmentfriendly
Reducestressinwateruses
Generationoforganiccompostfertilizerandreduceuseofchemicalfertilizer
Divertedurinecanbeusedforplantnutrition
Platformshouldbeabovehistoricalfloodlevel
Motivationrequiredformakingculturallyacceptable
SanitationTechnologiesSanitationTechnologiesCommunityLatrineCommunityLatrine
CommunityLatrine
Atgrowthcentre/Bazar/BusStand
Wastedisposalwithseptictank&soakpit
Plinthisraisedandlessvulnerabletoclimatevariability
Scopeofcontaminationisless O&Miscontractedout(Leasingout)
assmallbusinessgeneratingopportunity
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
10/21
5/25/20
Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate
ChangeintheCoastalAreasChangeintheCoastalAreas
ImpactofSeaLevelRise
Source:UNEP
Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate
intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas
xtreme ventsCyclone&Tidal/StormSurge
Source:CEGIS
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
11/21
5/25/20
Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate
intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas
Salinit Intrusion( t line)dueto SeaLevelRise
Source:CEGIS
Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate
intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas
SurfaceWaterSalinit PatternChan es
200620072008
Source:BWDB,GangesBarrage
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
12/21
5/25/20
Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate
intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas
at
dInundationDepth
LevelRise
LandLevel(m
Upstream
flow: Average
Year (Year
2000 flow)
Projectionof
Floo
2100on88cm
SeaInundationDepth(
7.0019.004.00 7.002.00 4.000.00 2.00
0.00 0.150.15 0.300.30 0.600.60 0.900.90 1.801.80 3.60Above3.60
Source:Dr.Nishat
Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate
intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas
RegionalRiskAnalysisonWaterSupply
Source:Dr.Tanvir ,atall
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
13/21
5/25/20
Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate
intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreas
RegionalRiskAnalysisonSanitation
Source:Dr.Tanvir,atall
Impacts&VulnerabilityofClimateImpacts&VulnerabilityofClimate
intheCoastalAreasintheCoastalAreasResilienceMatrixofWATSANTechnologies
UndertheConditionofIncreaseRainfall UndertheConditionofIncreaseIntensityofRainfall
Source:WHO,Vision2030
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
14/21
5/25/20
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutionsWaterWater
TreatmentTreatment
Desalination
Reverseosmosis
Solardesalination
Electrodialysis
RunoffCollection&Treatment
UsingInStreamStructure
UsingSurfaceStructure
SemiCommunity/Household
TreatmentSystem
SlowsandFilter
Disinfection/Chlorination
Semicommunitybasedsurfacewatertreatment
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutionsDesalinationDesalination
ReverseOsmosis
Electricityre uired/Sol High Costand
arenergycan
supplement
techoption
Energyintensive
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
15/21
5/25/20
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions
DesalinationDesalination
SolarDesalination
Solarpower
Hightechoption
Costintensive
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions SurfaceSurfaceWaterTreatmentWaterTreatment
RunoffCollection&Treatment
UsinginStreamStructure
UsingSurfaceStructure
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
16/21
5/25/20
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions AquiferAquifer
RechargeRecharge
anage qu er ec arge(MAR)
A uiferqu er
Storageand
Recovery(ASR)
StorageTransferand
Recovery(ASTR)
Infiltration
Basin/Pond
RiverBank
Filtration
A uifer
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions
MARMAR
StorageTransferandRecovery(ASTR)
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
17/21
5/25/20
Usin RainWaterasthe
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions MARMAR
Source(ASTR)
InfiltrationBasin/Pond(Bankprotectionrequ re
RiverBankFiltration
Why
MAR?Why
MAR?
e ucesa n ty ntrus onactsassubsurfacebarrier
Underneathwatertreatment dilutionmakesthesalinewaterintofreshwater
Storing excesswaterforlateruseactsassubsurfacestorage
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
18/21
5/25/20
FeasibilityofMARDependsonFeasibilityofMARDependson
Depthandpresenceofshallowaquifer Storagecapacityanddiffusivityoftheaquifer(thickness,extend,
effectiveporosity,transmissibilityetc.)
andGeologicalcharacterizes
SalinefreeSurfacewater(??) Brackishwaterwithminortreatment ReclaimedwaterfromWasteWaterTreatmentinthecityareas Rainwater(mostsuitableandavailablesource)
Adequatesourcesofwater to
Thedemandofwater andthefinancialsupportSocioeconomicandFinancial
Resources
NorthSouthCrossSectionofNorthSouthCrossSectionofSatkhiraSatkhira
Source:DPHE_JICA
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
19/21
5/25/20
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions SanitationSanitation
Biodegradablepolybag(Peepoobag)
Singleuse
Selfsanitizing
Withoutinfrastructure
Suitableforemergencysituationandurbanareas
Nonstructurebasedsanitationso
no
vulnerability
to
climate
change
Expensive
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions SanitationSanitation
Withoutinfrastructure
Feces/Urine inseparatebox
Suitableforemergency
Adaptivetoclimatechangeanddisaster
Moreresearchneeded
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
20/21
5/25/20
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions
SanitationSanitation
FloatingLatrine
Setofdrumsasthereservoirofwaste
Reservoirhelpstofloat,actsasbouncyforce
Drysanitation/urinediversiontoeasedisposalproblem
Suitableforwaterloggedarea
Adaptivetoclimatechange
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions
SanitationSanitationClusterLatrinewithBioGas
Plant
Forcommunaluse
Suitablewherelandspaceislimited
Suitableforbothruralandurbanareas
Reuseofwasteintothebiogasplantsupplementsener demand usedfor
cookingorelectricityproduction
Animalexcretaneededassupplementaryrawmaterial
-
8/4/2019 WATSAN Technologies in the Coastal Areas of Bangladesh_NGOF
21/21
5/25/20
ProbableSolutionsProbableSolutions
SanitationSanitationDecentralisedWasteTreatmentSystem(DWATS)
e er, a e reac or,p an e er,po s ngpond)
Forurbanareas,hugeinvestedisrequiredforcentralizedseweragetreatmentandverymuchvulnerabletoextremeclimaticevents
LessinvestmentrequiredforDWATSandlessvulnerabletoCCevents
InCityCorporationandotherurbanareas,wheresewersystemispoorDWATSshouldbeintroducedratherthanwaitingfora
centralSewerageTreatmentPlant. Recycleandreuseofwastewatershouldbeintroduced
consideringseverelyincreasingwaterscarcityinthecoastalarea
ThankYouThankYousadiq@ngof.orgsadiq@ngof.org
top related