we all have something in common… something we are doing right now…

We all have something in common…

Something we are doing right now…

What am I talking about??

Reading…

Clinical Question

In children, does the use of pictures support literacy development?

In children with developmental

disabilities, does the use of pictures

support learning to read new words?

cat

catb)

catc)

a)

11 22

Results of SearchLevel of Evidence # Sources

Level I

Systematic review0

ERIC

Pubmed

OVID

CINAHL

Web of Science

Level I

Randomised control trials0

Level II 0

Level III 0

Level IV 8

Fading Study

Dorry and Zeaman

1975

Condition 1

Picture and word presented

Picture gradually faded

car

Condition 2Picture and word

Word alone

OR

car

OR

car

Condition 3

Picture and word presented

car

Condition 4Picture alone

Word alone

OR

OR

car

Summary

Dorry and Zeaman (1975)

• Printed word and picture. Picture gradually faded• Either word and picture OR word alone• Printed word and picture• Picture alone or word alone

Fading Study

Tabe and Jackson

1989

Condition 1Word embedded in picture (superimposed)

Picture gradually faded

car

Condition 2Word embedded in picture (superimposed)

Picture non-fading

car

Condition 3

Picture with word written on the side (juxtaposed)

Picture gradually faded

car

Condition 4

Picture with word written on the side (juxtaposed)

Picture non-fading

car

SummaryTabe and Jackson (1989)

• Superimposed fading• Superimposed non-fading• Juxtaposition fading• Juxtaposition non-fading

Picture vs. Word Study

Singh and Solman

1990

Condition A

Picture

Picture enhanced

+

car

5 cm

2.5 cm

Condition B

Word alone

car2.5 cm

Condition C

Word alone

+Word enhanced

car

car5 cm

2.5 cm

Condition D

Word alone

car5 cm

Summary

Singh and Solman (1990)

• Picture (1st slide) and picture enhanced (2nd slide)• Word alone• Word (1st slide) and word enhanced (2nd slide)• Word alone enhanced

Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos

2000

Condition A - DSame as Singh and Solman (1990)

Condition ENew conditionNew condition

Word alone and then…

car

2 seconds later

car

Summary

Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos (2000)

• Picture (1st slide) and picture enhanced (2nd slide)• Word alone• Word (1st slide) and word enhanced (2nd slide)• Word alone enhanced• Word alone then picture feedback

Didden, de Graaff, Nelemans, Vooren and Lancioni

2006

Condition 1

Word alone

car

Condition 2

Word embedded in picture

car

Condition 3

Faded with 4 steps

car

SummaryDidden, de Gradd, Nelemans, Vooren and

Lancioni (2006)

• Word alone• Word embedded in picture• Word and picture. Picture faded

Summary for Fading Studies• Dorry and Zeaman 1975Printed word and picture. Picture gradually faded.

• Hoogeveen, Smeets and Lancioni 1989Fading pictorial elements.

• Tabe and Jackson 1989Fading conditions (superimposed/juxtaposed)

Summary for Picture vs Word• Singh and Solman 1990Word alone

Word alone enhanced

• Didden, Prinsen and Sigafoos 2000Word alone then picture feedback

• Didden, de Gradd, Nelemans, Vooren and Lancioni 2006

Word alone

• Fossett and Mirenda 2006Picture to text matching

Another interesting find…

차Car.

집A table and a bed next to a wall

Furniture in a room.

House.

Let’s try with Sight Words

car

Make a handle…

Cars go beep

What would this LOOK like?

car

car

Clinical Question

In children does the use of pictures support literacy development?

No, presenting the WORD ALONE (i.e.

without pictures) is more efficient when

teaching children to read new words

a)

cat

catb)

catc)

How might this effect clinical practice?

- Advice to teachers

- Information given to parents

- Challenge current strategies used in the classroom and clinical practice