we need more wobble

We Need More Wobble!

James Nottingham www.p4c.comwww.jamesnottingham.co.uk

125

What do these 3 have in common?

How much challenge?

We need more stories and less facts, for narrative develops an understanding of sequence; we need more dialogue and less transmission of knowledge, for it is through dialogue that we learn most; and we need more challenge and less instruction, since it is from challenge that one grows in body, mind and spirit.

Matthew Lipman, 1991

45

Challenge and Learning

CA

SA

PA

Current Ability

Subconscious Ability

Potential Ability

Learning Zone

Practice Zone

Too Easy

Too Hard

47Time

Per

form

ance

The Teaching Target Model (TTM)

CA

SA

PA

Learning Zone

Practice Zone

ANALYSE

ANTICIPATE

APPLY

CAUSAL-LINK

CHOOSE

CLASSIFY

COMPARE

CONNECT

CONTRAST

DECIDE

DEFINE

DESCRIBE

DETERMINE

DISCUSS

ELABORATE

ESTIMATE

EVALUATE

EXEMPLIFY

EXPLORE

GENERALISE

GIVE EXAMPLES

GIVE REASONS

GROUP

HYPOTHESISE

IDENTIFY

INFER

INTERPRET

ORGANISE

PARAPHRASE

PREDICT

QUESTION

RANK

REPRESENT

RESPOND

SEQUENCE

SIMPLIFY

SHOW HOW

SOLVE

SORT

SUMMARISE

SUPPORT

TEST

VERIFY

VISUALISE

A selection of thinking skills

137

What is challenge?

Pioneers of Educational Psychology

Piaget (1896 – 1980) Vygotsky (1896 – 1934)

Piaget (1896 – 1980)

Biological

Development leads to learning

Object world

Knowledge is constructed

What a child is

Vygotsky (1896 – 1934)

Cultural

Learning leads to development

Social world

Knowledge is co-constructed

What a child will be

Challenge with young children

Challenge with Year 5 pupils

Filmed by Channel 4 in 1999. Video at: www.p4c.com/video-clips

If A = B then

Does B = A?

Friend Trust

Trust Friend

For example …

Wobblers (If A = B)

54

If A = B then

If it’s NOT B = NOT A?

Real See It

Can’t See It Not Real?

For example …

Wobblers (If NOT A ?)

55

Kriticos = able to make judgments

Critical Thinking

Comes from the Greek, Kriticos

Meaning: able to make judgments

Source: www.etymonline.com

www.jamesnottingham.co.uk

james@p4c.com

www.challenginglearning.com

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