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Weapons
(NBC is not just a broadcast company!)
Nuclear and Radiological Weapons
Nuclear Weapons
Radiological Weapons
Chemical Weapons
General Toxins
ClC
Cl
O
Phosgene
Cl ClH C N
ChlorineHydrogen Cyanide
Chemical Weapons
Blistering Agents
ClS
ClMustard gas
Lewisite
ClAs
Cl
Cl
SHH2C
HC SH
H2C OH
British Anti-Lewisite
Chemical Weapons
Incapacitants
N
O
O
OH
3-Quinuclidinylbenzilate (BZ)
N
N
O
Fentanyl
Chemical Weapons
Nerve Agents
CH3O
CH3
P
CH3
F
O
O H NHN O
O
NHHN O
OCH3O
CH3
P
CH3O
O
F
NHHN O
OOP
CH3O
O
CH3
CH3
HO
NH3C
CH3
CH3
OC
CH3O OHC
CH3O NH3C
CH3
CH3
HO
++H2O
acetylcholine acetic acid choline
Acetylcholinesterase
Chemical Weapons
Nerve Agents
O
PO
S
CH3
OH3C
NO2
Parathion Tabun(GA)
Sarin(GB)
+
Soman(GD)
O
P OH3C
F
CH3H3C
OH
CH3H3CF
P OH3C
F
P
F
OH3C
O
H3C
CH3
CH3
CH3O
P ON
C
CH3
H3C
H3C
N
O
P OH3C
S
CH3
VX
N CH3
CH3
H3C
CH3
Chemical Weapons
Nerve Agents
N
O
O
OH
CH3
Atropine
NN
OH
CH32-PyridinealdoximeMethochloride(2-PAM Chloride)
Cl
N
CH3
O N
O
CH3
CH3Br
PyridostigmineBromide
N
N
H3CO
Cl
Diazepam(Valium)
Biological Weapons
Umbrella Gun
From: Medical Aspects of Biological Warfare
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Anthrax:
Capsule
Anthrax Toxin Protective Antigen
Lethal Factor
Edema Factor
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Anthrax Toxin: Protective Antigen
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Anthrax Toxin: Lethal Factor Protective
AntigenBinding
CatalyticDomain
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Anthrax Toxin: Edema Factor
P
O
O
O O P
O
O
O
HH
OHOHH
CH2
H
O
N
N N
N
NH2
P
O
O
O
Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP)
O
HH
OHOH
CH2
H
O
N
N N
N
NH2P
O
O
O O P
O
O
OH
PO
O3´,5´-Cyclic
Adenosine Monophosphate(cAMP)
Edema Factor
Biological Weapons
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Biological Weapons
Smallpox (Variola virus)
Biological Weapons
Engineering Weapons
Do it yourself viruses (Influenza)1. Produce cDNA of viral RNA with appropriate transcription initiation and termination
signals2. Construct vectors that express viral proteins3. Cotransfect cDNA and expression vectors into cell.4. The supernatant from the culture will contain active viral particles.
5. Increased pathogenicity?
Do it yourself viruses (Smallpox)1. Start with smallpox2. Start with monkeypox or other poxvirus, and introduce modifications that result in virulence
using homologous recombination.
3. Increased pathogenicity? – IL-4 in mousepox
Biological Weapons
Dealing with an Outbreak
1. Recognitiona.What is causing the illness? (Early stages of smallpox are non-specific; later stages are
easily confused with chickenpox.)b.What strain is involved?c. Is the strain modified?
2. Responsea. Vaccination, if possible.
i. Ring vaccinationii. Targeted vaccinationiii. Mass vaccination
b. Isolationc. Anti-viral drugs
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