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Electromagnet icwaves

Can travel through Space

(no air in space)

radiationIs the DIRECT

transfer of energy through

electromagnetic waves.

3 ways sun’senergy reaches the

Earth

1. visible light

2. infrared radiation (heat)

3. ultraviolet radiation

visible light

ROY-G-BIV

ultravioletradiation

UV raysCauses sunburn

SMALLEST amount of radiation reaching

Earth

What happens to sun’s energy when it reaches

Earth?

RARAS

R Reflected back into space by clouds

A Absorbed by the earth’s surface (water,land)R Reflected back the earth’s surface

A Absorbed by atmosphere/clouds

S Scattered by dust

Greenhouse effect Like a blanket

Keeps Earth warm

thermometer

Measurestemperature

2 most common temperature scales

Celsius Fahrenheit

Freeze 0 C 32 FBoil 100 C 212 F

HEAT

Definition:

Energy transferredfrom a hotter

to a colderobject

to

+ Greenhouse -Effect

Helpful Harmful

Protects plants and

people from harmful UV rays; keeps planet warm

enough

Traps too much carbon

dioxide; warms up

planet

UNITS for TEMPERATURE?

Degrees

Temperature(definition)

The AVERAGE amount of ENERGY of MOTION in each MOLECULE of a substance

WAYS HEAT CAN BE TRASNFERRED

Hint: CCR

C Conduction

C Convection

R Radiation

CONDUCTIONTRANSFER OF HEAT by

DIRECT TOUCH

CONVECTION

TRANSFER of HEAT bymovement of a FLUID

FLUID = FLOWSAir (gas) or liquid

Vent

RADIATION

Direct Transfer of Heat by ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

DENSITYof

AIR

Cold Air is MORE dense than hot air

C > H

What causes WIND?

Uneven heating of atmosphere

anemometer

Measures wind SPEED

Wind Vane

Shows wind DIRECTIONN,S,E,W

3 KINDSOF

LOCAL WIND

1. SEA BREEZE

2. LAND BREEZE

3. MONSOON

monsoonSea / land breeze

over a LARGE AREA that changes with

the season.

Monsoon season

monsoon

Like in Forrest Gump movie

Rained, rained, rained …

Coriolis Effect

HINT

CORIOLIS

CURVIOLIS

Coriolis Effect

Wind in northern hemispshere curve RIGHT

Wind in southern hemisphere curve LEFT

4Global Wind

Belts

1. Doldrums

2. Trade Winds

3. Prevailing Westerlies

4. Polar Easterlies

Doldrums

Dol-drumNear equator

Very calm, weak wind

Trade Winds

Steady winds

Equator to 30

Prevailing Westerlies

30 - 60WEST TO east

PolarEasterlies

60 – PolesEAST to west

3Main Typesof Clouds

1. cumulus

2. stratus

3. cirrus

Convection

Examples:

Horse latitudes 30 N30 S

latitudes

How / WhenDo CLOUDS FORM ?

When WATER VAPOR (gas) becomes

LIQUID or ICE CRYSTALS

CIRRUS CLOUDS

FeatheryWispy

Horse tail looking

CumulonimbusClouds

Thunderstorm Clouds

????

barometer

Barometer Measures changes in air pressure

Strata = layer

stratus clouds

Layers of clouds; often cover most of the sky

On a ‘gray day’

dew point The temperature at which water in the air turns into

water (droplets)

Cumulusclouds

Cotton ball, puffy

Thermal energy

Vs.

Temperature

Tot al amount of energy

Vs.Average amount

of energy

FLUIDS(like air)

&AIR PRESSURErelationship

HIGH TOWARD Low

High to Low

psychrometerInstrument that

measuresRelative humidity

Moves

Rain gauge

Measures how much precipitation falls to the

earth

UV RadiationAbsorption

OZONE absorbs most of it

INFRAREDRADIATION

MOST of the energy that heats the Earth is INFRARED

RADIATION

sun’s heat

GreenhouseEffect

the PROCESSby which gases (ozone)

holds HEAT in the ATMOSPHERE

How is the TROPOSPHERE

heated?

Mostly by CONVECTION

troposphere = weatherweather = hot, cold, wet,

dry, windy

WARM AIR

COLD AIR

Warm air is less dense

CONVECTIONhappens because

Cold air is more dense

Global WindsVs.

Local Winds

Global winds over very LARGE areas

Local winds over small areas

LandBreeze

Comes from the land

Land cools faster than seaWarmer air over sea rises – cooler air from

land moves toward sea

Sea Breeze

Comes from the sea

Sea heats up slower than land Warmer land air rises – cooler air from sea moves toward the land.

Sea BreezeBreezy DAY at SEAshore

Sand warms up before sea

Land Breeze

Land COOLS off slower than sea

Gnats / mosquitos from the sand dune grasses bite!

condensation

Forms especially when glass is cold and it’s

warm outside

Ice tea in the summer?

precipitation

ANY water that FALLS from the clouds

RAIN to SNOWratio to

1 : 10

cloud seeding

silver iodide&

dry ice

Wind chillfactor

When the air FEELS cooler than it really is because of the

wind

drought

Little or no RAIN for LONG periods of time

Restricted lawn watering

sleet

Snow falls, then melts into rain then refreezes and falls as SLEET

Freezing rainSnow falls,

Then melts into rain

BUT

Only FREEZES when it HITS the GROUND

Sleet vs. Freezing Rain

psychrometer

Remember fanning it to make the wet paper evaporate & cool?