week 4a - cells prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells membrane structure endomembrane system –nucleus...
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Week 4a - Cells
• Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells• Membrane Structure• Endomembrane System
– Nucleus– ER– Golgi– Lysosome and Vacuoles
• Mitochondria and Chloroplast• Cytoskeleton
Traits Common to all cells
• Plasma membrane encloses cell– Cytoplasm: the compartment within the
plasma membrane• Four major classes of Biomolecules• DNA as genetic material with same
genetic code• Ribosomes synthesize proteins • Energy and Nutrients from environment
Prokaryotic Vs Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotes• No Nucleus• Lacks membrane bound organelles• Typically 1-10μM• Circular DNA Genome
Eukaryotes• Membrane Bond Nucleus• Numerous Membrane Bond Organelles• Typically 10-100 μM• Linear DNA chromosomes
Both possess plasma membranes, ribosomes, all four classes of macromolecules, have DNA as genetic material and use the same genetic code.
Prokaryotes
1. Small 2. Plasma Membrane3. Cytoplasm4. Ribosomes5. Nucleoid Region6. Many have
1. Cell Wall2. Flagella
Fluid Mosaic Model of Membranes
(a) Phospholipid bilayer of membrane
(b) Fluid mosaic model of membrane
Outside of cell Outside of cell
Hydrophilichead
Hydrophobictail
Hydrophilicregion of
protein
Hydrophilichead
Hydrophobictail
Hydrophobicregions of
protein
Phospholipidbilayer
Phospholipid
Proteins
Cytoplasm (inside of cell)
Cytoplasm (inside of cell)
Figure 4.12-3
Synthesis ofmRNA in thenucleus
Nucleus
DNA
mRNA
Cytoplasm
mRNAMovement ofmRNA intocytoplasm vianuclear pore
Ribosome
Protein
Synthesis ofprotein in thecytoplasm
1
2
3
Endosymbiotic Theory
Photosyntheticeukaryotic cell
Photosyntheticprokaryote
Aerobicheterotrophicprokaryote
Endosymbiosis
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
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