welcome, whap! have out some paper (a chinese invention ...€¦ · contact with mainland asia...

Welcome, WHAP! Have out some paper (a Chinese

invention) and something to write with, and be ready

to begin when the bell rings!

WHAP Homework

● Finish reading and taking notes over the rest of Ch. 8 by tomorrow

● Finish taking notes over the rest of today’s presentation (anything we do not get to)

Where did the name ‘Japan’ come from?

The name ‘japan’ comes from the chinese word ri-ben, which means “origin of the sun” or “land of the rising sun”

Japan’s geography

How does japan’s geography make it unique?

What are the effects of japan’s geography?

Japan’s geography

● Archipelago (about 4,000 islands)● 4 main islands: hokkaido, honshu, shikoku, and

kyushu● Mostly mild climate, plenty of rainfall● Mountainous (only 12% suitable for farming)● Natural resources in short supply● Subject to earthquakes, tsunamis● Close yet far enough away from korea and china

Early japan (100 bce-400 ce)

● Not unified● Hundreds of clans controlled their own territories● Shintoism: japan’s earliest religion- worshipped

nature gods and goddesses, respected nature and ancestors; believed in kami (spirits in nature)

Early japanese political development (400-700 ce) ● By the 5th century, the yamato clan had established itself

as the leading clan● By the 7th century, yamato chiefs called themselves

emperors ● Yamato emperor prince shotoku began building a

centralized state- introduced a constitution in 604 that asserted the authority of the emperor over the nobility; buddhism was made the state religion

● 646: all land brought under state ownership; centralized taxation

Early japanese political development (400-700 ce) ● In practice, the emperor had little power; it was the ruling

family behind the emperor that had most of the power● Still not a strong unified central government● This would be the political model in japan until the 12th

century

Early japanese political development (400-700 ce) Japanese emperors would claim to be descended from the sun goddess amaterasu.

Contact with mainland asia (400-900 CE) ● Large chinese influence (through korean travelers and later

missions to tang china)● Buddhism spread to japan- zen buddhism took hold● Some mixing between buddhism and shintoism took place● Japan adopted: the chinese system of writing, art, cooking,

gardening, drinking tea, and hairdressing● Attempted to establish a strong central government with a civil

service examination system- this failed- in japan, noble birth remained the key to getting a powerful position (only a few great families held power)

Buddha in China

Buddha in Japan

Chinese WritingJapanese Writing

Chinese Art Japanese Art

THE HEIAN PERIOD (794-1185) ● Former capital was heijo- buddhist monks were too

involved in court politics● New capital established at heian (kyoto today)● Japan’s noble families formed a refined court society● Emphasis on poetry and painting● Lady murasaki’s 11th century work the tale of genji is

considered the world’s first novel

Beginning of japanese feudalism (1050-1192) ● The fujiwara family held most of the power during the

heian period● Central government declined in the mid-11th century● Landowners set up private armies ● Farmers and small landowners gave their land to

warlords in exchange for protection ● Each lord had a group of loyal warriors called

samurai, who lived according to the bushido code (expected to be loyal, generous, and honorable)

Early shogunates (1192-1467) ● In the late 1100s, the minamoto family emerged victorious● Yorimoto, a minamoto leader, was given the title of shogun

(military dictator)● From 1192-1868, japan would have an emperor, but the shogun

would have the real power● Shoguns controlled the provinces through shugo (military

constables)● In the 1200s, the kamakura shogunate was able to repel the

mongol invasions; however, this depleted japan’s funds- samurai turned their loyalty to local lords

● 1300s: weak shogunates, unstable government

FUN fact!

“Shogun” literally means “barbarian-conquering great general”

Sengoku: japan’s warring states period (1467-1600) ● Centralized rule ended● Powerful samurai seized control of old feudal

estates, offered protection in return for loyalty- were called daimyo (feudal warlords)

● Emperor was still a figurehead (no real power)● Resembled european feudalism● Disorder, chaos

Korea

What are some of Korea’s geographic features?

How do you think geography affected Korea?

● Mountainous peninsula● Only part of land is

arable● Developed in

semi-isolation from its neighbors, but had more direct contact from China (and times of occupation by China)

● Not as isolated as Japan

Korea

● Like japan, korea adapted chinese cultural

elements and adapted them as they saw fit

● Early history: different clans

● 108 bce: han dynasty conquered much of

korea- set up a military government there

Korea

● From china, received:

○ Centralized government

○ Confucianism

○ Buddhism

○ writing

Korea

● Later in korea: 3 rival kingdoms

● Kingdom of silla defeated the others and

drove out the chinese

● Under silla rule, buddhism spread

(monasteries built)

Korea

● 935: silla rule weakened- koryu dynasty

took control

● Centralized govt, civil service system

(modeled after china)

○ Did not provide social mobility for

koreans as it did for chinese- population

sharply divided (landed aristocracy at the

top) - nobles received the best positions

Korea

● 1231: the mongols came to korea, demanded

huge tribute

● Mongol rule lasted until the 1360s

● 1392: choson dynasty established- would rule

korea for 518 years.

VIETNAM

VIETNAM● Of SE Asian societies,

Vietnam was least

influenced by India and most

influenced by China

● Northern vietnam taken

over by han and tang

dynasties

● After the tang declined in

the early 900s, vietnam

became an independent

kingdom, dai viet.

VIETNAM● Of SE Asian societies,

Vietnam was least

influenced by India and most

influenced by China

● Northern vietnam taken

over by han and tang

dynasties

● After the tang declined in

the early 900s, vietnam

became an independent

kingdom, dai viet.

VIETNAM● From china, vietnam

received:

○ Buddhism

○ Ideas about education,

government, and

agriculture

● Vietnamese women had more

freedom than chinese women

VIETNAM● Ly dynasty (1009-1225)-

capital was at hanoi, had

centralized government,

encouraged trade

● Resisted the mongols

● Tran dynasty (1225-1400)

● Conquered by ming china in

1407; drove ming out in 1428

Southeast Asia

-Mainland

-Islands

Southeast Asia● Several powerful kingdoms and empires emerged

during this time

● Strong cultural influence from india- hinduism and

especially buddhism spread there (largely replaced

hinduism)

● China was less influential (mainly in vietnam)-

often demanded tribute from local rulers

● Islam eventually overtook hinduism in indonesia

● Large trading presence

Southeast Asia

● Cambodia: dominated during this time by the

khmer people

● Khmer state of chen-la was originally a

vassal state to funan, but later took over

funan

● Temple complex at angkor wat created-

originally a hindu temple, later buddhist

Angkor

Wat

Southeast Asia

Thailand

● Thai people begin to build states (such as

Nan chao, and, later, sukhothai and ayutthaya,

which became the most powerful kingdom in

the region by 1400. These kingdoms competed

with others in the region

● Initially absorbed some hindu culture from

khmer, later became strongly buddhist

Southeast AsiaIsland SE Asia

● Srivijaya became powerful through its control

of trade passing through the strait of malacca

● Srivijaya’s power was eroded by the 13th century

by the expansionist kingdom of sinhasari, which

was destroyed by mongol china and followed by

a new state, majapahit.

● Majapahit, a hindu kingdom, eventually declined

as islam came to the region

Along with Angkor Wat, the Borobudur temple on the island of Java was established as a Buddhist temple by the kingdom of Sailendra