wges 2011 geothermal development in indonesia 2011 (arc media global)
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Geothermal Energy Development in Indonesia
Herman Darnel IbrahimDr [ITB Indonesia] M Sc [UMIST Manchester] Ir [ITB]Dr. [ITB, Indonesia], M.Sc. [UMIST, Manchester], Ir. [ITB]
Member of National Energy Council of Indonesia Vice Chairman of Expert Board of Indonesian Renewable Energy Society
Board Member of IGA and Chairman of IGA Western Pacific Regional Branch
Presented at World Geothermal Energy Summit 2011Arc Media Global, Manila, 8 December 2011
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 2
Part1:IndonesiaEnergyandRenewableEnergy Development at PresentEnergyDevelopmentatPresent
Arc Media Global, Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 3
IndonesianDemographyandEnergyUtilization
Features Total[2009]
% ofWorld
WorldRank[2009] World Rank
LandArea 1.9 Millionsq km
1.3 16sqkm
Population 230Million.
3.41 4RepublicIndonesia
GDP $540Billon
0.95 18p
Electricity 150TWh
0.9 15
E 150 1 5 13Energy 150MTOE
1.5 13
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 4
EnergyResources,ProductionandUtilization
Oil Gas Situation2009 Coal RE*InMillionTonOilEquivalent[MTOE]
7961 8285 Resources 51571 6061125 3954 Reserve 10384 NA628 2824 Proven Reserve 2651 NA48 7 75 8 Production 125 9 13 9 br
ahim
48.7 75.8 Production 125.9 13.937.0[24 0]
0[43 2]
Import[Export]**
0.03[97 5]
0
®HDarnelIb
[24.0] [43.2] [Export]** [97.5]59 26.2 Consumption 26.7 13.9 Co
pyright
•IncludingBiomassinMTOEperYear**CrudeandRefinedOilS f D t I d i E d E St ti ti 2009 MEMR
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 5SourceofData:IndonesiaEnergyandEconomyStatistic2009,MEMR
RenewableEnergySupplyandCarbonEmissionEnergy Unit Indonesia* World**PrimaryEnergyConsumption MTOE 159.9 10583RenewableEnergy[RE] MTOE 7.7 547RenewableEnergyShare % 4.8 5.1FossilEnergy MTOE 152.2 9308FossilEnergyShare % 95.2 88.1OilEnergy MTOE 79.1 3846OilEnergyShare % 49.5 36.3El t Sh i Fi l E % 12 1 19 2Electr.ShareinFinalEnergy % 12.1 19.2CO2Emission MillionTon 456 27347CO 2 per TOE Primary Energy Ton 2 85 2 58
Source:HandbookofEnergyandEconomicStatisticsinJapan2009,TheEDMCJapan
CO2perTOEPrimaryEnergy Ton 2.85 2.58CO2Emissionpercapita Tonpercapita 1.9 4.20
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 6
f gy p p*2010,**2006
CharacteristicofIndonesianRenewableEnergy
No Description Geo‐thermal Hydro Solar Wind Ocean BiomassWaste
BiomassBiofuel
1200 240 175M1 Potential 28GWe 75GWe 1200GWe 9GWe 240
GWe 50GWe 175Mkiloliter
2 SupplyCapability 25GWe 45GWe 120GWe 9GWe 12GWe 30GWe 95MTOE
S l I t it I t it C ti
3AvailabilityandBaseLoadCapability
Continuous[BaseLoad]
Seasonal[SemiBaseLoad]
Intermittent[LowDensity]
Intermittent[Low
Density]
Intermittent[Low
Density]
Continuous[BaseLoad]
Affectedby
Weather
4 CapacityScale MediumtoBig
SmalltoBig
SmalltoMedium
SmalltoMedium Small Medium NA
5 Technology Ready Ready Ready Ready RnD Ready Ready5 Readiness Ready Ready Ready Ready RnD Ready Ready
6 InvestmentCost MediumHigh
LowMedium High Medium
High High Medium NA
7 ProductionCost 50 80 30 120 200 500 50 140 NA 50 120 NA
Among all renewable energy sources only geothermal and
7 USDperMWh* 50‐80 30‐120 200‐500 50‐140 NA 50‐120 NA
*Source: REN21 Renewables 2010 Global Status Report
11.10.18 by HDI WREC 20110 Indonesian Energy Scenario and RE Perspective to
2050
7
Among all renewable energy sources only geothermal andbiomass has the base load capability.
REEnergyDevelopmentIssues
Electrificationratioandenergyconsumptionisstilll l l h frelativelylow:Choiceofprioritytogroworgogreen.
Subsidyofoilandelectricity:BarrierforREandLowC b d l t [ titi ]Carbondevelopment[competitiveness]
REprojectpreparationandreadiness:ResourcesInventory Survey [+Exploration] and Feasibility StudiesInventory,Survey[+Exploration]andFeasibilityStudies
Conflictinginlanduse:About80%ofgeothermalareinthearea of Forest Conservation and National ParkareaofForestConservationandNationalPark
Projectfunding:SmallPlayer[local]forSmalltoMediumScaleProjects,CreditWorthinessSca e ojects, C ed t o t ess
Manila, 08.12.11 8Indonesian Geothermal Development
DevelopmentProgressandOnGoingProjects
Energy NationalPotential
InstalledCapacity
YearlyProduction
OnGoingProjectPotential
[MWe]Capacity[MW]
Production[GWh]
Project[GW]
Geothermal 29,000 1,194 11,000 4,000Hydro 75,000 3,500 10,000 2,100MiniHydro 5,000 600 3,000 480SolarEnergy 1,200,000 12 18 70OceanEnergy 240,000 0 0 10Biomass[waste] 50,000 300 2,000 100WindEnergy 9,000 1 1 30Total 1,607,000 5,607 26,019 6,790Biomass[biofuel] 175Mkl NA 600000kl NoInfo
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 9
NationalEnergyCouncilandEnergyPolicyandPlanningg
Minister Energy Exec. Chairman
President As Chairman
Vice President Vice Chairman
Dewan Energi Nasional [DEN]National Energy Council Member:
Minister Transport
Minister Agriculture
Minister Industry
MinisterEnvir’ment
Minister Research
Minister Dev. Plan
Minister Finance
7 Ministers + 8 Stakeholder Rep.[SHR]
Academic SHR:TumiranRinaldy
Industry SHR:H. Darnel IbrahimEddie Widiono
Consumer SHR: H AgustiawanAgusman E
Environment SHR:Mukhtasor
Technology SHR:Widjajonoy g j j
National E
National E Pl
Energy Laws d
National L T
Energy Policy I l iEnergy
Policy [KEN]Energy Plan [RUEN]
and Regulation
Long Term Plan [RPJP]
Implementation Supervision
Central Govt.Departments
Energy SOEs [BUMN]
Private Energy Industries
Regional Government
Industry Large Users
Society Consumers
Energy Supply Security Economy [Competitiveness] Environmental Preservation
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 11
RenewableEnergyInstitutional
Ministry Ministry Ministry Ministry
NationalEnergyCouncilMinistryTransport
Ministry
MinistryEnvir’ment
Ministry DG DG
MinistryEnergy
Ministry Finance
Parliament
Ministry
Industry Research
Ministry
Electricity
DG
Oil&Gas
DG Coal&
ParliamentEnergy
Commissiony
Agriculturey
Dev. Plan
Implementing Agencies
New & RE Mineral
Provincial District “Supporting”AgenciesImplementingAgencies ProvincialEnergyAgency
DistrictEnergyAgency
g g
National Council of
Cli t ChRegulatingandLicensingAgencies
State OwnEnergy
PrivateEnergy
Energy Users and
Climate Change
12
EnergyCompanies
EnergyCompanies
and Societies
IndonesiaEnergyPolicy
EnergyPolicy[Current] InitiativesandProgramsDiversification • Geothermal,SolarEnergy,• MaximizeRenewableShare• MinimizeOilShareU C l d G t b i t
Biofuel,Biomass,Gasification,MiniHydroR Oil S b id• UseCoalandGastobringcost
down• RemoveOilSubsidy• CoalPP,GasforHouses
Conservation • CCGT PlantConservation• MaximizeRenewableShare• More Efficient Conversion
• CCGTPlant• LossReduction• Labeling, Energy AuditMoreEfficientConversion
• DemandandSupplySideEff’cy.Labeling,EnergyAudit
• MassTransportPricing • Removeoilsubsidy.g• MarketPricePrimaryEnergy• UniformElectricityPrice
b d l d l
y• Competitiononoildistributionb d f l
13
• SubsidyElectricityandOil • SubsidizeBiofuel
RenewableEnergyTargetandCommitment
Indonesia will voluntarily reduce its carbon emission of 26% by2020 [P id h G20 M i i B ]2020 [President speech at G20 Meeting in Boston].
Ministry of Energy set the target of new and renewable energyshare of 25% of the energy mix by 2025 [Vision 25 25]share of 25% of the energy mix by 2025 [Vision 25‐25].
Government is working to develop a regulation of Feed in Tariff forRE: Biomass Solar Energy and Minihydro [Mandate Price]RE: Biomass, Solar Energy and Minihydro. [Mandate Price]
National Energy Council recommends to set RE target in NationalEnergy Plan and to oblige producer to produce RE [MandateEnergy Plan and to oblige producer to produce RE [MandateQuota]
RE regulations is being reviewed by government to makeg g y gnecessary improvement and to remove the barriers [oil andelectricity subsidies].
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 14
RegulationPushingRenewableEnergy
EnergyLaw: PrioritizeRenewableEnergyandE i ll F i dl EEnvironmentallyFriendlyEnergy
MinisterDecree:ImportTaxExemptforREmachineryequipment Corporate Tax and VAT Incentive in RE Businessequipment,CorporateTaxandVATIncentiveinREBusiness.
MinisterDecree:Purchasingofgeothermalelectricityupto9.7centperkWh.p
MinisterDecree:ObligedUtility[PLN]topurchaseelectricityfromREsmallscalepowerplantupto10Megawatt.
PresidentDecree:Subsidizingbiodieselenergyfordomesticuse[allocatedRp2000perliter].
DG NREEC Decree: Audit Energy Obligation for energy user of DGNREECDecree:AuditEnergyObligationforenergyuserofmorethan6000TOEor69780MWh.
Manila, 08.12.11 15Indonesian Geothermal Development
Part 2: Geothermal Development in I d iIndonesia
First Geothermal Plant Was in 1978
The first survey by geothermalexperts is started in 1964,followed by more specificfollowed by more specificsurveys in 1968. Six explorationwells were drilled in Kamojangj gWest Java from 23 September to27 November 1972. The well No
Commemorative Geothermal Well No 6 Kamojang6 is then used for experimentalproduction well and the firstmonoblock of 250 kW was
Commemorative Geothermal Well No 6 Kamojang
monoblock of 250 kW wasinaugurated 27 Nov 1978. Thefirst commercial power plantp pKamojang 1 of 30 MW is thenbuilt, and was inaugurated in 29January 1983. Kamojang Geothermal Power Plant
17
Indonesian Geothermal Resource is Over 29000 MWe
Indonesia has an enormouspotential of geothermal Thepotential of geothermal. Thepotential are mainly located inSumatera, Java, Sulawesi, NusaTenggara and Maluku. The totalpotential identified in 276 areas is
th 29 038 MW Thmore than 29,038 MWe. ThePotential is classified as ProvenReserve: 2 288 MW Probable
Geothermal Potential in Indonesia Archipelago
Reserve: 2,288 MW, ProbableReserve: 1,050 MW, PossibleReserve: 12,529 MW. ThePotential classified as HypotheticResources: 4,391 MW and asS l ti R 8 780 MWSpeculative Reserve: 8,780 MW. Kamojang the First Geothermal Field, West Java
18
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 19
Geothermal Energy Resources 2009 [2011]
No. Location,Island
Resources [MWe] Reserve [MWe]Speculative Hypothetic Possible Probable ProvenSpeculative Hypothetic Possible Probable Proven
1. Sumatera 4,973 2,121 5,845 15 380
2. Java 1,960 1,771 3,265 885 1,8152. Java , , , ,
3. Bali and NT 410 359 973 - 15
4. Sulawesi 875 32 959 150 78
5. Maluku 370 37 327 - -
6. Kalimantan 45 - - - -
7. Papua 50 - - - -
Total 257 8,683 4,320 11,369 1,050 2,288Locations [276] 13,003 [13171] 14,707 [15867]
Total Indonesia 27,710 [29038]
Source: Directorate General of Mineral Coal and Geothermal Indonesia 200920
Location of Geothermal Energy Resources 2011
Source:BadanGeologi,MEMR2010
1 Sumatera 86 13 516 12
No. Island NumberofLocations
InstalledCapacity[MW]
Potential[MW]
ReadytoDevelopInitialSurveyLegend:
1 Sumatera 86 13,516 122 Java 71 10,092 1,1173 Bali 5 2964 NusaTenggara 22 1,4715 Kalimantan 8 1156 Sulawesi 55 2,519 60
InstalledDetailSurvey,
7 Maluku 26 9548 Papua 3 75
1,18929,038Total 276 21
PartiesInvolvedintheConcessionAward
MinisterofEnergyandMineralResourcesDecide:PriceandCompensationofData+PreFS
GuidanceandSupervision
GuidanceandSupervision
Tender
GovernorofProvince
pPriceofSteamandElectricity
pp
DecideConcession
CommitteePaying
Data+Pre FSPaying
Data+Pre FS
Bupati,MayorofDistrictDecide
Personnel
Tender
Data+PreFSCompensation
Except*
Data+PreFSCompensation
Except*
ConcessionA
PreFSbyGovernment
AppointmentLicensing• Exploration
Area[WKP] Tender
*PreFSbyPrivate
ppofWinner
p• FS• Exploitation
y[FirstRightRefusal]
22
Manila, 08.12.11 Indonesian Geothermal Development 23
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