what are nerve cells called? what are the main parts of a nerve cell (neuron) in order? true or...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Review
• What are nerve cells called?• What are the main parts of a nerve
cell (neuron) IN ORDER?• TRUE OR FALSE: the axon terminals
of one neuron touch the dendrites of the next neuron when transmitting a message/signal
• What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Review
• How many hemispheres are there in the brain?
• What is the “little brain” really called?
• What is the bundle of fibers called that connects the 2 hemispheres?
Today’s Objective…
Learning Intention: Outline the 3 principles of the Biological Level of Analysis (LoA)
Success Criteria: Students will demonstrate mastery of 3 principles and supporting research on upcoming evidence
FIRST…
WHAT IS THE NATURE VS. NURTURE DEBATE? Nature: human behavior is the result of
biological factors Nurture: human behavior is the result
of environmental factors
3 Principles of the Biological LoA
1. Behavior can be innate because it is genetically based
2. Animal research can provide insight into human behavior.
3. There are biological correlates of behavior
3 Principles of the Biological LoA
PRINCIPLE #1
Behavior can be innate because it is genetically based
Principle #1: Behavior can be innate because it is genetically based
TWIN STUDIES Why study twins? What are Monozygotic twins?▪ two individuals developed from one fertilized oocyte
(immature egg cell); they have identical genomes. Dizygotic twins?▪ Twins developed from two separate
oocytes fertilized at the same time. Diathesis-Stress Model
Genetic predisposition (diathesis) to develop a disorder that MAY OR MAY NOT be brought out by the environment (stress)
Principle #1: Behavior can be innate because it is genetically based
Twins separated at birthhttp
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yTCShemS_0&feature=related
Case StudyResearcher’s name Name of the Research
A This is the Aim of the research study
P This is the Procedure of the study
F This is the Findings of the study
C This is the Conclusion of the study
E Evaluation of the study
3 Principles of the Biological LoA
PRINCIPLE #2
Animal research can provide insight into human behavior.
Example
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMJJpbRx_O8&list=PLQWwMZATghnqDldldmmGaf_XfWO-RLaT9&index=29
Principle #2: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior. Why study animals? What do we use them to study? What ethical problems can we face
by studying animals?
For more info, visit… http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/animals/using/experiments_1.shtml
Principle #2: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior. Animal experiments are widely used
to develop new medicines and to test the safety of other products
Many experiments cause pain to the animals or reduce the quality of life in other ways What is ablation? What is lesioning? What do these two methods tell us?
Principle #2: Animal research can provide insight into human behavior.PRO-ANIMAL TESTING
Experimenting on animals is acceptable if (and only if): Suffering is minimized in
all experiments Human benefits are
gained which could not be obtained by using other methods
ANTI-ANIMAL TESTING
Experimenting on animals is always unacceptable because: It causes suffering to
animals The benefits to human
beings are not proven Any benefits to human
beings that animal testing does not provide could be produced in other ways
Case study
The Hungry Rat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-DgV2vixSo
3 Principles of the Biological LoA
Principle #3 Human behavior is, to some extent,
genetically based.
Principle #3: There are biological correlates of behavior
Implies that it should be possible to find a link between a specific biological factor (ex: hormone or neurotransmitter) and a specific behavior THIS IS THE AIM OF RESEARCHERS IN
THIS LOA
EX: Acetylcholine Too much: Parkinson’s Not enough: Alzheimer’s
Principle #3
Is lack of sleep making me fat?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxezLHDECUo
Examples of neurotransmitters & hormones that are in charge of really important things:
• Acetylcholine• Dopamine• Serotonin • Growth Hormone• Leptin• Ghrelin
Neurotransmitters
• Acetylcholine-acts on both PNS and CNS as a neuormodulator, it activates muscles on PNS/ CNS it plays role in attention & arousal.
• Dopamine-helps control the brains reward and pleasure center.
• Serotonin-Zen master of neurotransmitters. Low levels = anxiousness, irritability, depression, trouble sleeping. Antidepressants release serotonin.
• Growth Hormone-stimulates cell production• Leptin-hormone made by fat cells that regulate the
amount of fat stored in the body• Ghrelin-hunger hormone
Case study
Minnesota Twin Study
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6J6AL9Ztuvk
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