what are your auditors doing? - acuia.org
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What Are Your Auditors Doing? PresentedbyCarrieKennedy,PartnerTravisSmith,PartnerMossAdamsLLP
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MOSS ADAMS AT A GLANCE
• FullservicenationalCPAfirmprovidingassurance,tax,andconsultingservices
• OneofthelargestaccountingfirmsinthenationandlargestheadquarteredintheWest
• Over100yearsinbusiness
• Over2,000professionalsand258partners
• 27officesinCalifornia,Arizona,NewMexico,Oregon,Washington,Kansas,andTexas
• GlobalreachandresourcesthroughPraxityAISBL
• Industryfocusedstrategy
• 4th largestfirmservicingcreditunionsinthenation(basedonassets)
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IS A FINANCIAL STATEMENT AUDIT REQUIRED?
• Yes,ifyourcreditunionisfederallyinsuredwithassetsof$500millionormore
• Ifyourcreditunionisfederallycharteredwithassetsofmorethan$10millionbutlessthan$500million,youhavefouroptions:o Asstatedabove.o Anopinionauditonthecreditunion’sbalancesheetperformedbyanindependentaccountantlicensedbythestateorjurisdictioninwhichtheauditisconducted.
o Anexaminationofinternalcontrolsovercallreportingconductedbyanindependentaccountantlicensedbythestateorjurisdictioninwhichtheauditisconducted.
o Asupervisorycommitteeauditthatmeetstheminimumrequirementsofthis.
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SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE RESPONSIBILITIES
• Whatisanopinionaudit?
o CanonlybedonebyalicensedCPAo ResultsinCPAexpressinganopiniononfairnessofthecreditunion’sfinancialstatements
o Placesresponsibilityontheauditortofollowgenerallyacceptedauditingstandards(GAAS)
oHighestlevelauditengagementpossible
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NON-OPINION EXAM
• Whatisanon‐opinionexam?o WorkcanbedonebyaCPAorsomeoneelseo Engagementlettershouldbeissuedoutliningtheprocedurestobecompleted
o ProceduresmustbesufficienttomeettheminimumrequirementsoftheNCUA
o Thereisnoopinionexpressedonthefinancialstatementsorconformitytogenerallyacceptedaccountingprincipals(GAAP)
o Areportisissuedthatdescribesproceduresperformedandobservationsandrecommendations
o Lessexpensivethananopinionaudito Mostappropriateforsmallercreditunionswithcleanandbasicoperations
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SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE RESPONSIBILITIES WITH OPINION AUDIT
• Relationshipwiththeindependentauditoro UnderstandingtheCPAfirm’squalitycontrolsystemo MakingitclearwhotheCPAfirmisworkingforo CommunicationwiththeCPAfirm Attheauditplanningstage Atthefieldworkcompletionstage Whentheauditreportshavebeenfinalized
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ENGAGEMENT LETTERS ARE REQUIRED
• Chapter5oftheSCGuidestatesthatengagementlettersmustcontainthefollowing:
o Specifytheterms,conditions,andobjectivesoftheengagement.o Identifythebasisofaccountingtobeused(examples:GAAPvs.regulatoryaccountingpractices(RAP)).
o Specifytherateof,ortotal,compensationtobepaidfortheaudit.o Uponcompletionoftheengagement,theauditorwilldeliverawrittenauditreporttothesupervisorycommittee.
o Noticeinwriting,eitherwithintheauditreportoraseparatereport,ofanyinternalcontrolreportableconditionsand/orirregularitiesorillegalactsthatcometotheauditor’sattentionduringthenormalcourseoftheaudit.
o Specifyatargetdateofdeliveryofthewrittenreports.
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WHAT IS AN AUDIT?
• TheauditorisresponsibleforperformingtheauditinaccordancewithGAASandthattheauditisdesignedtoobtainreasonable,ratherthanabsolute,assurance…
• Whatdoes“reasonableassurance”mean???
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WHAT IS AN AUDIT?
• TheauditorisresponsibleforperformingtheauditinaccordancewithGAASandtheauditisdesignedtoobtainreasonable,ratherthanabsolute,assurance….aboutwhetherthefinancialstatementsasawholearefreefrommaterialmisstatement.
• Whatdoes“freefrommaterialmisstatement”mean???
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AUDIT PLAN: WHERE TO FOCUS AND UTILIZE RESOURCES?Risk‐basedauditapproach• Wherearetherisks?
o LOANSo SIGNIFICANTESTIMATES ALLL Impairedloans OREO Investments
o Internalcontrolsoverfinancialreporting
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AUDIT PLAN: WHERE TO FOCUS AND UTILIZE RESOURCES?Youknowwhattotest,butHOWdoauditorstest?• Internalcontrolreliance
o Systemrelianceon3rd partypayrollprocessoro Testingsampleoforiginatedloanstoensureproperapproval,underwriting,disbursement,andboardingintotheloansub‐ledger
• Substantiveanalyticalreviewprocedureso TestinginterestexpensethroughdevelopinganindependentexpectationofcostoffundsusingpeeryieldsandactualaveragedepositbalancesoftheCU
• Testsofdetailso Sendingconfirmationsforcashbalancestocorrespondentinstitutions
o VouchingproceedsforsalesofOREOproperties
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INTERNAL CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS IN AN AUDIT
“Doyoutestinternalcontrols?”o Yesandno!
Fact:Auditingstandardsdonotrequirethetestofinternalcontrols.
Theauditorisrequiredtoobtainanunderstandingofinternalcontrolrelevanttotheauditwhenidentifyingandassessingtherisksofmaterialmisstatement.
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INTERNAL CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS IN AN AUDIT
Deficiencyininternalcontrol.Adeficiencyininternalcontrolexistswhenthedesignoroperationofacontroldoesnotallowmanagementoremployees,inthenormalcourseofperformingtheirassignedfunctions,toprevent,ordetectandcorrect,misstatementsonatimelybasis.
Arealldeficienciesofthesameseverity?
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INTERNAL CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS IN AN AUDIT• Materialweakness.Adeficiency,oracombinationofdeficiencies,ininternalcontrol,suchthatthereisareasonablepossibilitythatamaterialmisstatementoftheentity’sfinancialstatementswillnotbeprevented,ordetectedandcorrected,onatimelybasis.
• Significantdeficiency.Adeficiency,oracombinationofdeficiencies,ininternalcontrolthatislessseverethanamaterialweaknessyetimportantenoughtomeritattentionbythosechargedwithgovernance.
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INTERNAL CONTROL WEAKNESS INDICATORS
Thefollowingaretypicalsituationsthatmaybeinternalcontrolwarningsigns:
• Complexbusinessarrangementsthatyoucan’tunderstand
• Last‐minutetransactionsthatresultinimprovementinfinancialperformance
• Changeinestimatesthatarehardtounderstand
• Frequentdifferencesbetweenmanagementandtheauditors
• Managementnotreceptiveorresponsivetoauditororregulatorfindings
• Failuretoenforcethecreditunion’scodeofconduct
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INTERNAL CONTROL WEAKNESS INDICATORS
• Failurebymanagementtodisplayandcommunicateanappropriateattituderegardinginternalcontrol
• Highturnoverofseniormanagement
• Rapidchangesintheindustry
• Unusuallyrapidgrowthorprofitabilitycomparedwithothercreditunions
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COMMON INTERNAL CONTROL AUDIT FINDINGS• Employeeaccountsandrelatedaccountsnotreviewed
• Personperformingreconciliationshouldbelookingforunusualitems—notjustwantingtomakeitbalance
• Investmentaccountreconciliationspreparedbysameindividualwhoauthorizesorinitiatestransactions
• Samepersoncanbothproduceacheckandmakejournalentries
• Notallsuspenseandclearingaccountsarereconciledandreviewed
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COMMON INTERNAL CONTROL AUDIT FINDINGS
• Personreviewsextensions,butdoesn’thavefullpopulation
• Personreviewsloans,butdoesn’tselectfromfullpopulation
• Payrolldutiesconcentratedinoneindividual,whoreceivesandfilesthepayrolljournals
• Policiesinplacebutnotbeingfollowed• Networkadministratoraccountsharedbyseveralemployees
• Noreviewofsystemaccesslevels
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SUBSTANTIVE ANALYTIC PROCEDURES
• Threestepprocess
o Developindependentexpectationofwhataccountbalanceshouldbe
o Establishsignificantdifferencethreshold
o Investigatesignificantdifferences
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TESTS OF DETAILS
• Substantivetestsoftransactions
• Testsofdetailsofbalanceso Non‐statisticalsamplingo MonetaryUnitsamplingo Variablessampling
• Evaluateresults
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WHAT ABOUT FRAUD?
• Auditingstandardsrequiretheconsiderationoffraudduringafinancialstatementaudit.
• Duringtheplanningphase,auditingstandardsrequireadiscussionamongtheauditteamtodetermine:• Howmayfraudoccur?• Whereinthefinancialstatementsisthereariskforfraud?
• Howcouldmanagementperpetrateandconcealfraudulentfinancialreporting?
• Howcouldassetsoftheentitybemisappropriated?
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WHAT ABOUT FRAUD?
• Requiredauditprocedures• Brainstormingdiscussion• InquiriesofmanagementandotherswithintheCU• Unpredictableprocedurestotestforfraud:
• Testlowmaterialityriskaccountsortransactions• Usedifferentsamplingmethodstoidentifyitemsnotnormally
selected• Adjusttimingofauditproceduresfromnormal• Performauditproceduresatdifferentlocations
• Testjournalentries:• Understandbusinesspurpose,timing,underlyingcontrols,and
CUpersonnelsurroundingtheentries.
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WHAT ABOUT FRAUD?
• TheAssociationofCertifiedFraudExaminers(ACFE)completesareporteverytwoyearssummarizingthekeycharacteristicsoffraud.
• Themostrecentreportisfrom2014.
• Thefollowingareexcerptsfromthatsummary(totalof1,483cases,worldwide)
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MOST COMMON FRAUD - FREQUENCY
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Initial Detection of Occupational FraudsTip: 42.2%
Management Review: 16.0%• Internal Audit: 14.1%
By Accident: 6.8%Account Reconciliation: 6.6%Document Examination: 4.2%
External Audit: 3.0%IT Controls: 1.1%
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SOURCE OF FRAUD TIPS
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MEETWITHYOURAUDITORS!
Questionstheindependentauditorsshouldanswer:o Whatarethesignificantaccountingpolicies?o Didthecreditunionselecttheaccountingpoliciesthatweremostappropriate,giventheoptions?
o Whataremanagement’sjudgmentsandestimatesthataffectthefinancialstatements?Anybiasnoted?
o Didyouhavetopostanysignificantauditadjustments?o Werethereanywaivedadjustments?o Didyouhaveanydisagreementswithmanagement?
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Questionstoconsideraskingtheexternalauditfirm:
o Whatdidyouperformasunpredictableproceduresaspartoftheauditthisyear?
o Arethereanypotentialinternalcontrolissuesdiscussedwithmanagementthatdidn’tendupinyourwrittenreport?
o Didyouissueaseparatecommentslettertomanagementthatwasnotprovidedtothesupervisorycommittee?
o Didyourotateanystaffontheauditjobfromtheyearbefore?
o Howdoyouensureafreshlookeachyear?o Ifyouhadtomentiononethingthatcouldimprovetheeffectivenessoftheaudit,whatwoulditbe?
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Why is this important?
• Inrecentyears:magnitudeofregulationsandagenciestargetingconsumerprotection
• Theever‐increasingwaysinwhichfraudstersuncoverandexploitvulnerabilities
• Creditunionsasawholehavehadtobecomemoresophisticated
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THINK ABOUT YOUR INTERNAL AUDIT PLAN
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Keepuptodateonchangesinyourcreditunion:• Newproductsandservicesbeingofferedtomembership
• Creditqualitytrendswithintheloanportfolio• Changesinfieldofmembership• ImportantissuesbeingdiscussedbyBoard• Mergers,keypersonnelchanges,newinvestments• Technologychanges• Askexternalauditorshowtheyhaveaddressedanyresultingnewrisksfromthesechangesintheirauditplans
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FINAL THOUGHTS
• Takethetimetobetterunderstandtheexternalauditprocess.
• Knowtheriskareasandhowtorespond.
• Exerciseprofessionalskepticism!31
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DON’T ALWAYS BELIEVE SOMETHING BECAUSE SOMEONE SAYS SO!
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QUESTIONS?
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