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March 15, 2006 Rencontres de Moriond, EW and UT, La Thuile
What can Neutrinos tell us about NP ?What can Neutrinos tell us about NP ?
Carlos Pena GarayInstitute for Advanced Study
Princeton
~
Recently confirmedRecently confirmed
Neutrino flavor conversion
leads to
Neutrino mass
Non degenerate massesFlavor and mass eigenstates non equivalent
New Physics : SM + New Physics : SM + ν ν massmass
)9.7( 9.8eV10
0.7 25
2m≤≤ −
∆
)2.2( 6.3eV10
M6.1 23
2
≤≤ −
∆3 σ ranges:
⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
−−−−−−−−−
=⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛=
81.056.073.043.054.020.082.058.072.042.053.020.020.000.064.049.087.076.0
||||||||||||||||||
||
321
321
321
τττ
µµµ
eee
i
UUUUUUUUU
Uα
Solar + KamLANDAtmospheric + K2K CHOOZ
⎟⎟⎟
⎠
⎞
⎜⎜⎜
⎝
⎛
−−−−−−−−−
=9992.09990.0043.0037.0014.00048.0044.0039.09744.09730.0227.0221.00045.00029.0227.0221.09751.09739.0
|| CKMiUα
Different pattern for leptons and quarksGonzalez-Garcia et al (2005)
Simplest extension of SMSimplest extension of SMCan neutrino masses and mixings be accommodated in a model ?
SM + 3 singlets (νR) + L conservation
Arbitrary masses and mixings of Dirac neutrinosAnalogous to the quark sector
Unsolved questions :
Why Yukawa matrices are so different?
Why L conservation?
Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
Theorem 0Theorem 0νββ νββ MajoranaMajorana massmass
in gauge theories in gauge theories with SSBwith SSB
Schechter, Valle, PRD (1982)
Implications of 0Implications of 0νββνββ
If due to only Majorana mass
Test of mass scale
Seesaw mechanism by heavy Majorana mass
Leptogenesis from heavy Majorana neutrinos
N22 F )( j
jej mU∑∝Γ
Fukugita, Yanagida, (1986)
8
8
Seesaw mechanismSeesaw mechanism
... h.c. 2
y i +++ RicRi
RiiLRi vv
mφννν pL
φ φ
νL νR νR νL
mR
xIntegrating out the heavy fieldνR mR>> <φ>:
LicLieff vv
Ri
2i
2mm pL
Equivalently, diagonalizethe mass matrix in νL-νR basis ⎥
⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡
Rmmm0
Alternative mechanism : radiative masses
Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties (decay)
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
Electromagnetic propertiesElectromagnetic properties
Edm and Magnetic dipole moment
... h.c. i ++λρλρνν νσνµ Fj
ijpL
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛≈
eV 0.1m
10 3 B20- ν
ν µµ ij
Elastic scattering on electrons : contribution added incoherently
MUNU : µ < 9 10-11 µB at 90% CL
Red giants in globular clusters : µ < 3 10-12 µB
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛−
ν
παµETme
112
22
Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
LSND, KARMEN >> LSND, KARMEN >> MiniBooneMiniBoone
LSND : L=30 m, 20<E<60 MeV
3.5 to 7 σ appearance signal depending on analysis 67 signal events in 1030 signal+background
KARMEN : L=17.5 m, 20<E<60 MeV15 events in 15.8 background expected
Not compatible at 36%CL
310 )8.06.2()( −±=→ eνP µν
Combined LSND/KARMEN : Church et al, hep-ex/0203023
2osc 4lmE
∆=
π
How to see sterile neutrinos ?How to see sterile neutrinos ?
Light spin ½ fermions, blind to SM gauge couplings, mixed with active neutrinos
In oscillations : Neutral currents, Matter effects
BBN : faster expansion ; depletion of νe : ratio n/p
LSS : free streaming of massive neutrinos, sterile contributes to relativistic dof if termalizes
Supernova cooling
Excursion I : Neutrino Oscillations in matterExcursion I : Neutrino Oscillations in matter
After a plane wave pass through a slab, the phase is shifted : p (x+(n-1)R)
Net effect :
⎥⎦
⎤⎢⎣
⎡+=
+≈ ∫∞
−
−+
pNRfe
edrNRfee
ipx
ipx
Rx
ipxRnxip
)0( 211
)0( 2 ))1((
π
π
2
)0( 21pfNn π
≈−
Only the difference of potential is relevant
Net effect :
eFF NGeevvGH 2)1( )1( 2 55int ⇒−−= γγγγ µµ
i
0
vei
e
Nee
Nee
>=<
>=<
γ
γ
eF NG2 2lmatt
π=
Excursion II : Neutrino Oscillations in matterExcursion II : Neutrino Oscillations in matter
Searches in oscillationsSearches in oscillations
SK, Macro data favor νµ ντ
νµ ννss disfavored ≥ 7σ
Atmospheric neutrinos
Gon
zale
z-G
arci
a, N
ir, re
view
200
2
[ ]221
241
2 08.0sin mm ∆>∆<η
Solar neutrinos : Could they go into other form of ν ?
sae sin cos vvv ηη +→
Bahcall et al PRC(2002)
Bounds on 3+ 1 sterile neutrinosBounds on 3+ 1 sterile neutrinos
Cirelli et al (2004)
Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
Non Standard InteractionsNon Standard Interactions
Theory : expected to be smallConstraints from all neutrino data : αβ = {ee, eτ, ττ} can be order one
))(())(( 22
22RRE
mRRRR qqMqqM νννν −− ∝
Is possible to evade SU(2) bounds from l+-?Dirac Neutrinos :
Majorana Neutrinos :
))((v))(( 424RRR
tR qqMqHLLHqM ννσσ −− ∝
rr
Berezhiani, Rossi PLB(2002)
Davidson et al JHEP(2002)
NSI in solar neutrinosNSI in solar neutrinos
Friedland et al PLB (2004)
Surprises possible if εee, εeτ ~ 0.1
NSI in atmospheric neutrinosNSI in atmospheric neutrinos
Friedland et al PRD (2005)
εττ = |εeτ|2 / (1 + εee)
Strong bounds on εµµ, εµτ ~ 0.01Unconstrained comb. of NSI (εττ, εeτ, εee) tested by MINOS
Leading searches :Leading searches :Majorana mass : Neutrinoless double beta decay
Electromagnetic properties
New mixed particles : sterile neutrinos (LSND)
Non standard interactions
Test of fundamental symmetries : LI, EP, CPT
Deep inelastic scattering at very small x
Anomalies : NuTeV, …
CPT boundsCPT bounds
eV10510| )K(- )(K| -10-1800 ⋅=< Kmmm
Lorentz invariance + Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian + locality leads to CPT theorem in relativistic local QFT
20202 eV 25.0| )K(- )(K|or <mm
What about ν ?
2422 eV 101.1| )(- )(| −⋅<∆∆ νν mmDe Gouvea, PG (2004)Murayama (2003)
CPT bounds : Simplified caseCPT bounds : Simplified case
)0( GeV105.1b -20 =⋅< ηδ
βµ
αβµ
α νγν LL b form theof is violationLI Ifisotropic) (CMB frame preferred in theinvariant rotational +
Coleman, Glashow (1999) Colladay, Kostelecky (1997)
basis mass in the diagonal is b +Barger et al (2000)
bEmm δ+∆→∆ 22 :effect Main
Bahcall, PG (2004)
CPT bounds : Simplified caseCPT bounds : Simplified case
)0( GeV105.1b -20 =⋅< ηδ
βµ
αβµ
α νγν LL b form theof is violationLI Ifisotropic) (CMB frame preferred in theinvariant rotational +
Coleman, Glashow (1999) Colladay, Kostelecky (1997)
basis mass in the diagonal is b +Barger et al (2000)
bEmm δ+∆→∆ 22 :effect Main
Bahcall, PG (2004)
ConclusionsConclusions
Flavor conversion leads to neutrino mass
Opened a new territory to search for new physics
Neutrinoless double beta decay will probe majorana mass + hint towards seesaw & leptogenesis
MM, sterile states, NSI : predictions are very far from present bounds.
- large space of parameters to probe experimentally
- not well motivated models predict ranges tested in near future
-Test symmetries : millions of atmospheric neutrinos in Icecube
-Test cross sections : DIS at low x, NuTeV,…
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