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What children, birth to five, should know and be able to do
Connecticut’s Early Learning and Development Standards were developed to help families, communities and schools
work together to support children’s early learning and growth.
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Photos taken at the Connecticut Early Childhood Block Party in Hartford’s Bushnell Park on August 24, 2013, courtesy of Leah Grenier (cover photo and pages 4, 8, 9, and 13) CT ELDS logo design by Andrea Wadowski, Connecticut State Department of Education.Document design and layout by EASTCONN Communications, Hampton, Connecticut.
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I am pleased to introduce Connecticut’s Early Learning and Development Standards (ELDS) which serve as the foundation for supporting ALL young children in Connecticut,no matter where they live, play and learn. ELDS are statements of what children from birth to age five should know and be able to do across the earliest years of development.
The learning progressions within the Early Learning and Development Standards promote:• Equity for all children, through the setting of high, but appropriate, expectations;• High-quality early learning experiences, by providing clear goals and trajectories of learn-
ing;• Provision of individual support, based on each child’s growth and development;• Families’ understanding of what their children are learning ad how they can support them;• Teachers’ understanding of age-appropriate content and approaches to children’s learning;
and• Communication across sectors, based upon these common goals for children supporting
together
The ELDS were developed through the work of the Connecticut Early Childhood Education Cabinet and its Learning Standards Workgroup. In addition, over 100 state and national experts participated in some way during the-development process, helping to ensure a strong and com-prehensive set of ELDS.
ALL CHILDREN,IN ALL SETTINGS,EVERY YEAR
Connecticut’s vision is that all young children will have high quality learning experiences, across all types of settings, and that children’s growth and development will be supported across every year of their lives. Connecticut’s ELDS serve as a foundation for achieving this vision as they provide the basis for planning learning environments, supporting individual children and com-municating around common goals.
Myra Jones-Taylor, Ph.D.Executive Director, Connecticut Office of Early Childhood
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Table of Contents
Connecticut’s Early Learning & Development (ELD) StandardsDevelopment Process ................................................................................................pages 5-7
Guiding Principles ....................................................................................................pages 8-9
Organization of the Document ..................................................................................page 10-12
Fostering Competent Learners — Essential Dispositions ........................................page 13
Domain Wheel ..........................................................................................................page 14
Taking Action to Support Early Learning and Development: What Can I Do? .......page 15-23
StandardsSocial and Emotional Development ....................................................................pages 25-29Physical Development and Health .......................................................................pages 30-33Language and Literacy ........................................................................................pages 34-39Creative Arts ........................................................................................................pages 40-42Mathematics .........................................................................................................pages 43-45Science .................................................................................................................pages 46-48Cognition .............................................................................................................pages 49-52Social Studies ......................................................................................................pages 53-54Supplemental Dual Language Development Framework ....................................pages 55-57
AppendixA: CT Early Childhood Education Cabinet: Early Learning Standards Workgroup ...........................................................page 58B: Standards Alignment, Drafting and Revision Process Participants ..............pages 59-60C: References: Connecticut Learning Standards Birth to Age Five ..................pages 61-64D: Early Learning and Development Standards to Common Core State Standards Alignment — English ..................................................................pages 65-68E: Appendix E: Early Learning and Development Standards to Common Core State Standards Alignment — Mathematics .........................pages 69-71
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Early learning and development standards are statements of what children from birth to age five should know and be able to do at various ages across their earliest years of development. These learning progressions serve as guides for the adults who support children’s growth and development over time, providing a basis for planning experiences and providing support through the early childhood years. Connecticut’s newly drafted Early Learning and Development Standards will serve as the foundation for supporting ALL young children, no matter where they live, play and learn.
The Governor’s Early Childhood Education Cabinet, along with the Connecticut State Department of Education and the newly formed Office of Early Childhood, has devoted significant fiscal and human resources to creating rigorous and developmentally appropriate Early Learning and Development Standards. This process has taken place over the course of 2 ½ years, with development completed in October 2013.
Background Work As a part of Connecticut’s 2009 application for American Recovery and Reinvestment Act funds for Head Start State Advisory Councils, Early Learning Standards were identified as a priority area. The goal for this priority area was: By September 2013, Connecticut will adopt comprehensive and multi-domain early learning standards that reflect a progression of skills, birth through age five, aligned with kindergarten through grade 12 standards. A workgroup to address this goal was selected with the intention of ensuring wide, cross-sector input. The first meeting of the Learning Standards Workgroup was convened on June 22, 2011, and included representatives from the Connecticut Early Childhood Education Cabinet, the Connecticut Department of Education, Head Start, higher education, early intervention, the Regional Education
Connecticut’s Early Learning and Development (ELD) StandardsDevelopment Process
Service Centers, home care provider networks, public schools and the local chapter of the National Association for the Education of Young Children. A full list of workgroup members and their affiliations can be found in Appendix A.
The Learning Standards Workgroup relied heavily upon two guiding documents to inform the process of standards development:
• The Joint Position Statement of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the National Association of Early Childhood Specialists in State Departments of Education (NAECS/SDE): Early Learning Standards: Creating the Conditions for Success (NAEYC, 2012)
• Early Learning Guidelines Resource: Recommendations and Issues for Consideration When Writing or Revising Early Learning Guidelines (Scott-Little, Kagan, & Frelow, 2010)
In order to provide a strong background for members, the workgroup reviewed both current Connecticut documents and other state and national sets of early learning standards. After members had an opportunity to explore specific characteristics of these valuable documents, the group began addressing the various issues set forth by Scott-Little, Kagan & Frelow (2010) including: guiding principles, age ranges and groupings, domains and subject areas, and the structure of the standards.
In the fall of 2011, shortly after the workgroup began this process, the United States Department of Education released its Race to the Top Early Learning Challenge application. Connecticut opted to address early learning and development standards as a key strategy under Focused Investment Area C of the Early Learning Challenge. The efforts of the Standards Workgroup were coordinated with the Connecticut Leadership Team for the Race to the Top
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application and a detailed plan was developed for the learning standards work. Although funding was not granted to Connecticut, the plan outlined in the application has served as a guide for the continued work of the Standards Workgroup.
The specific steps in the development process are outlined below. These efforts have involved many local and national experts, in addition to the contribution of the Standards Workgroup members. A full listing of those who have contributed to the various stages of this work is included in Appendix B.
Alignment and Gap Analysis The first critical step in creating new ELD standards was a detailed and thorough alignment and gap analysis of Connecticut’s current learning standards. The workgroup chose to draw upon existing documents as much as possible, both in an effort to ease the transition to new ELD standards and to effectively capitalize on previous investments and resources used in creating standards documents. Determining the existing alignments of standards and identifying gaps involves intensive consideration of documents, which often have very different structure and language. Below is a list of the various alignment projects conducted in support of the development
of new ELD standards. The information gathered through this work was integral to the development of draft ELD standards.
• Comparison of Common Core State Standards and Connecticut’s preschool standards (the Connecticut Preschool Curriculum Framework):This process involved CSDE consultants as well as outside local experts in the area of Mathematics and English Language Arts. The alignment between documents was examined and a crosswalk document, including guidance for practice, was issued.
• Comparison of Connecticut’s preschool standards (the Connecticut Preschool Curriculum Framework) and the Head Start Child Development and Early Learning Framework: The CSDE and the Connecticut Head Start Association engaged in an intensive and collaborative process to determine the alignments and gaps between these two documents. This process involved rating the degree of matches found, a cross check for agreement on the matches and the reconciliation of any discrepancies. The completion of this work resulted in the report: Crosswalk between the Head Start Child Development and Early Learning Framework
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and the Connecticut Preschool Curriculum and Assessment Frameworks (Connecticut Head Start Association, 2012).
• SRI International’s Standards Alignment Study. This study included the following documents: Connecticut’s Preschool Curriculum Framework, Connecticut’s Kindergarten Science Curriculum Standards, Connecticut’s Kindergarten Social Studies Framework and the Connecticut Guidelines for the Development of Infant and Toddler Early Learning. A full report dated May 30, 2012, detailed the process and outcomes of this study (Hebbeler and Taylor, 2012).
Drafting New Standards On June 25 and 26, 2013, groups of experts in each of the identified domains were gathered to create a first draft based upon the structure outlined by the Learning Standards Workgroup. Each group utilized the information from the alignment and gap analysis studies, additional resources and research (including other state standards documents, K-12 standards and research) and crafted an initial draft of new birth-to-five standards across seven age bands.
This initial draft was reviewed by multiple experts throughout the state for further refinement in July and August of 2012. These reviewers considered the initial draft ELD standards from one of several perspectives:
• Domain-specific feedback, including: – Breadth, depth and relative difficulty of
skills addressed – The age appropriateness of the indicators – The placement of the indicators within the
domain – The wording of the indicators• The cultural relevancy of the indicators for
diverse populations• The appropriateness of the indicators for
children who are dual-language learners• The appropriateness of the indicators for
children with special needs
Finally, EASTCONN, the acting fiduciary of the Connecticut Early Childhood Education Cabinet, worked with CSDE to synthesize the input and make revisions based upon the expert input. This resulted in the draft ELD standards.
Content Validation The Standards Workgroup decided to adhere to the recommended practices for standards development set forth by Scott-Little, Kagan & Frelow (2010). Requests for Proposal were issued for both a Content Validation Study and an Age Validation Study. The review of the proposals submitted resulted in the recognition that additional funding would be necessary to support a methodologically sound research age validation study. However, as a result of the RFP process, the Connecticut Early Childhood Education Cabinet entered into a contract with the National Association for the Education of Young Children to conduct a Content Validation Study. This study involved gathering feedback from national experts as to whether the skills, knowledge and dispositions in Connecticut’s new Early Learning and Development Standards reflect critical, comprehensive goals and a continuum of growth and development. This study was completed in September 2013 and revisions to the draft standards were made as a result of this report (Snow, 2013). The Content Validation Study contributed greatly to the robust and thorough process Connecticut engaged in to create new Early Learning and Development Standards, thereby ensuring that our efforts to support All Children, In All Settings, Every year, are based on the strongest of foundations: sound Early Learning and Development Standards.
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range at any point in time. All children within an age range should not be expected to arrive at each benchmark at the same time. Variation in the growth and development of skills and competencies applies to all young children regardless of age, ability, developmental status or special health care needs. Respect and support for individual differences in achieving learning outcomes should be a cornerstone of early learning.
gDevelop and learn within the context of their family and culture. Each child’s family and culture lays the foundation of who they are and how they learn and grow.
Families:gAre the primary caregivers and educators
of young children. Families lay the foundation for their children’s success, through their relationship with their children and by providing experiences that are critical for their children’s growth and development.
gAre critical partners in all early learning environments. It is important for families to be actively engaged with their child’s early care and education. Ongoing communication and an active partnership are necessary to ensure positive outcomes; therefore, families must be supported as partners in all early learning environments.
Guiding Principles
All children benefit from rich learning environments in homes, communities and early care and education settings. Connecticut’s Early Learning and Development Standards provide the basis for supporting children’s growth and development across settings. The following principles guided the work on the early learning and development standards.
The guiding principles are grouped into four broad categories: Young Children, Families, Early Learning Environments and Communities. The first category, Young Children, addresses what is known about young children’s learning and development. The other categories address the roles and responsibilities of families, early childhood environments and communities in supporting children’s health, learning and development.
These principles must be considered when this document is used to support children in any early learning environment. Although this document articulates learning standards for children from birth to age 5, these same principles apply throughout the early elementary years.
Young Children: gAre capable and competent. All children are
capable of achieving positive early learning and developmental outcomes. There should be high expectations for all young children, regardless of their background, experience, language or developmental status.
gLearn best when their basic needs are met. Basic needs of young children include health (physical, mental and oral), safe and nurturing environments, positive social relationships, a sense of belonging and sound nutrition. If these basic needs are not met, a child’s growth and development will be affected.
gAre unique in their growth and development. Each child will demonstrate knowledge, skills and abilities within a broad
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Early Learning Environments: gSupport young children’s learning in the
context of relationships. Positive interactions and sustained relationships with family members, caregivers, teachers and other children provide the foundation for learning. Every child, including those with social, emotional or behavioral challenges, should be provided the supports and services necessary to promote ongoing positive relationships with peers and adults.
gReinforce the importance of the cultural context of young children, families and communities. Cultural context influences behavioral expectations, personal preferences, relationships and sense of self. It is imperative that each child’s culture be respected and honored.
gProvide opportunities for active exploration. Young children construct their own understanding of the world around them through exploration and engagement with a variety of materials, experiences and interactions with both peers and adults. Every child should have an opportunity to actively explore, engage and interact by providing the supports necessary to ensure a child’s full and active participation within an environment.
gProvide meaningful inclusion of children with special needs. Participation in these inclusive settings may require individualized modifications, adaptations and/or support services designed to provide each child with opportunities to benefit from inclusion in an early learning environment.
gProvide experiences that are relevant and integrated across domains of development. Developmental domains and content areas are highly interrelated. Children learn best when experiences incorporate multiple domains. Children with special health care needs, delays or disabilities should be provided the individualized supports needed to promote positive developmental outcomes in all areas.
g Intentionally promote the development of skills and knowledge. Planning and decision-making should be based upon research and best practices related to how young children grow and develop.
gProvide opportunities for children to benefit from diversity. Diversity (e.g. culture, ability, socioeconomic status, family constellation) provides opportunities for children to learn about the broader world.
gSupport children’s language development in their primary language. Children’s success in their primary language supports their growth and development across all domains, including acquisition of a second language. Early learning environments may provide opportunities for children to use their primary language and should support families in speaking and reading to their children in the language(s) they prefer.
Communities:g Believe that all children deserve high-
quality early learning experiences. They value families and invest in systems that support young children, families and early learning environments.
g Offer a variety of resources that support early growth and development. Thriving communities provide supports for children and families, including medical, social and educational opportunities for children, families and caregivers.
g Strategically plan to meet the needs of children and families. They plan together using information relevant to the unique circumstances in their community. This includes facilitating smooth transitions within and between programs and settings.
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Organization of the Document
Connecticut’s Early Learning and Development Standards are statements of what children should know and be able to do from birth to age 5. These guidelines are intended to inform families, teachers, caregivers and other professionals about common developmental and learning progressions, so that they can work together to better support children’s early learning and growth. These standards are intended to serve as a guide for considering the steps in children’s development and to plan ways to support children in continued growth.
Taking Action to Support Early Learning and Development: What Can I Do?For each area of development (domain) there is a general information page that includes a brief description of the domain and strategies to support infants and toddlers as well as preschoolers.
The StandardsThe Connecticut ELDS are organized by domain. There are eight domains in the document: Social and Emotional Development, Physical Health and Development, Language and Literacy, Creative Arts, Mathematics, Science, Cognition, and Social Studies.
Domain: A general area of growth and development
Strand: Sub-categories within each domain
Learning Progressions: A series of skills and abilities that build upon each other as children grow and learn
Indicators: Examples of what children should know or be able to do at the end of each of the age ranges along the learning progression
Numbering: The indicators are numbered, using
an abbreviation for the domain name, the number corresponding to the age in months at the end of the age range and the number of the indicators in sequence for that age range. For example, L.24.3 refers to 3rd indicator for the 18-24-month range in the Language and Literacy Domain.
Age RangesThe ELDS are grouped into age ranges, with the examples representing skills, dispositions, or knowledge typical for the end of the age range for each domain. However, children develop at varying rates and may not demonstrate every example included in the ELDS or may demonstrate it with some variation in timing. While a pattern of skills that is not consistent with a child’s age may raise some questions, the ELDS is not a screening or assessment tool. Concerns about a child’s development may suggest a referral for further assessment or possible support services; however, this document is not designed as a tool for identifying children for referrals, services, or to make decisions about appropriate programs or placements. Instead, this tool is designed to support caregivers and professionals as they consider precursors and next steps, and to determine the environmental supports, activities, and adult strategies that will help children to grow and learn.
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Although you may see other documents or resources that break down what children should know and be able to do into categories different from the ELDS, the structure and content of these standards are consistent with what is known about child development.
Children do not learn skills in these domains, strands or learning progressions in isolation, but it is generally useful to think about growth across these areas to make sure that support is provided for the wide variety of skills children are learning. When planning early learning experiences, families and early care and education professionals should consider what is meaningful and engaging for young children and how skills from a variety of areas can be integrated into children’s play. Supplemental Dual Language Development Framework
Learning Progression
Creative Arts
0-6 months 6-12 months 12-18 Months 18-24 MonthsIndicatorsThis is evident, for example, when children:
IndicatorsThis is evident, for example, when children:
IndicatorsThis is evident, for example, when children:
IndicatorsThis is evident, for example, when children:
Strand: Early learning experiences will support children to engage in and enjoy the arts.
Music CA.6.1 React to music by turning to a sound source, cooing in response, wiggling or moving, soothing one’s self, etc.
CA.12.1 Show interest in singing, moving, and dancing, using their body
CA.18.1 Use instruments to explore rhythm and melody
CA.24.1 React to changes in music by joining in with more extended segments of familiar music, using voice, physical gestures and/or instruments
The domains and strands within the ELDS reflect common areas of research and evidence-based practices.
Domain Name
Age Range
Strand
Indicator
LearningProgression
In addition to the information for each domain, this document includes a Supplemental Dual Language Development Framework for use in supporting children who are learning multiple languages. This supplement is not applicable to all children, but rather is designed to raise awareness of the typical stages of acquiring a second language.
Intentionally Supporting Growth and Development The Connecticut ELDS provide the basis for planning learning environments, supporting individual children, and communicating around common goals. They do not exist in isolation and must be used in conjunction with guidance on effective strategies and/or appropriate assessment tools. The “Cycle of Intentional Teaching” is composed of planning experiences to support children’s development, gathering information about how they are progressing and adjusting what is being done to support them based upon this information. All adults who support young children are “teachers”, although their planning, observation and assessment
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may involve differing levels of detail. Teachers in a classroom environment might develop detailed learning experience plans and use formal assessment tools. A family is also engaging in the “Cycle of Intentional Teaching” when they take their child to the playground to develop gross-motor skills, observe that she cannot yet climb the stairs to the slide, and then help her learn this skill. By being intentional, adults can make sure that they are supporting children in meaningful ways.
Assessment An assessment tool aligned to the ELDS should be used to determine how children are progressing across these domains of development. Two types of tools, with different purposes, are appropriate for use in conjunction with the ELDS:
Developmental Screenings are tools designed to be brief surveys of children’s abilities and are used to determine if further assessment is necessary. (Note: The Ages and Stages Child Monitoring Program offers a developmental screening process that can be accessed by calling the Child Development Infoline at 1-800-505-7000.)
The Cycle of Intentional Teaching
Formative Assessments are tools designed to determine how children are progressing in the development of certain abilities, so that further support can be planned (e.g. curriculum, instruction, family activities and adult support).
The ELDS are not a screening or assessment tool.
CommunicationCommunication between all of the adults supporting children is critical. The ELDS provide a common language to communicate about children’s skills and progress and to plan supports. The Domain Information pages include general information about each area of development and evidence-based strategies to support infants and toddlers and preschoolers. The more detailed strands and learning progressions for each domain will support more in-depth discussion and planning.
By using these ELDS as a part of a thoughtful process, families and early care and education professionals can work together to ensure that children are eager and ready to learn and grow.
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Fostering Competent Learners: Essential Dispositions
Across all ages and domains, early learning experiences will support children to:
gBe creative Support young children’s growth and development by encouraging creative thinking and novel approaches to solving problems. Children should have opportunities to create, express themselves in a variety of ways and approach problems from new perspectives. The focus of early learning experiences should be on the process instead of the product, promoting learning, exploring and thinking over achieving a specific result or answer.
gBe inquisitive Encourage children to explore, seek new information and ask questions. Children should feel comfortable questioning information, testing
out new ideas and simply playing with materials in new and unusual ways. Those supporting young children’s growth and development should create safe environments in which children can explore and experiment.
gBe flexible Foster children’s ability to adapt to new situations, to be flexible in their responses and to actively engage in new environments. Exposure to new ideas, environments and situations in meaningful ways can promote resilience.
gBe critical thinkers Encourage children to use critical thinking skills to help them organize and use the great amount of information available today. Those supporting young children’s growth and development should promote an understanding of the concepts behind specific skills (e.g. understanding quantity as well as learning the sequence of counting); provide opportunities to engage in higher-order thinking skills and encourage children to question the accuracy of information they receive.
gBe purposeful and reflective Promote children’s engagement in purposeful action. Very young children should be actively involved in play and will benefit from reminders of the results of their actions. Three- and four-year-olds should play an active role in planning experiences, setting goals and celebrating accomplishments. They should be encouraged to be reflective and to learn from mistakes.
gBe social learners Social interactions form the basis for children’s learning. Encourage children to interact with adults and peers, ask questions and to jointly solve problems. Those supporting young children’s growth and development should provide opportunities to learn through cooperative experiences with adults and children.
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Domain Wheel
Healthy & Balance
d Living
Curriculum Framework
Physical Developm
ent &
Health
Physical
Development an
d
Health
Crea
>ve Ar
ts
Crea
>ve Ar
ts
Science
PK-‐8 Science Curr. Standards & Assessment Expecta>ons
Early Scien>fic Inquiry
Connec>cut’s Birth to Five
Early Learning and Development Domains with Alignment to K-‐3
Standards
0-‐3
3-‐5
K-‐3
* The supplemental Dual Language Development Framework applies to children learning mul9ple languages. Early learning environments must respect family language preference and honor children’s development in their primary language and promote con9nued bi-‐lingual development.
.
Social Stu
dies
CT’s
Arts K-‐1
2 Go
als &
Stan
dard
s
Social Stu
dies
Fr
amew
ork
*The supplemental Dual Language Develop-ment Framework applies to children learning multiple languages. Early learning environ-ments must respect family language prefer-ence and honor children’s development in their primary language and promote contin-ued bi-lingual development.
Birth to 3 years
3 to 5 years
Kindergarten to grade 3
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Healthy & Balance
d Living
Curriculum Framework
Physical Developm
ent &
Health
Physical
Development an
d
Health
Crea
>ve Ar
ts
Crea
>ve Ar
ts
Science
PK-‐8 Science Curr. Standards & Assessment Expecta>ons
Early Scien>fic Inquiry
Connec>cut’s Birth to Five
Early Learning and Development Domains with Alignment to K-‐3
Standards
0-‐3
3-‐5
K-‐3
* The supplemental Dual Language Development Framework applies to children learning mul9ple languages. Early learning environments must respect family language preference and honor children’s development in their primary language and promote con9nued bi-‐lingual development.
.
Social Stu
dies
CT’s
Arts K-‐1
2 Go
als &
Stan
dard
s
Social Stu
dies
Fr
amew
ork
Taking Action To Support
Early Learning and Development:
What Can I Do?
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Understanding yourself, your feelings and how to play with other people.
Infants and toddlers
Spend time holding, talking and playing with your baby. Caring
contact builds a strong relationship. Comfort your baby when he cries.
This helps your baby feel secure and learn how to calm down.
Talk about your baby’s actions,
feelings and body. This will help your baby learn about themselves.
Have family routines. Routines help
babies feel safe.
Preschoolers Let your child do some things on
their own. Help them to do new things and solve problems.
Talk to your child about feelings.
Help them find ways to calm them-selves.
Help you child understand routines.
Be sure to say goodbye when you leave your child.
Make time to play with other children. Go to the park, have
playdates or join a playgroup.
Encourage • Caring
• Affection • Relationships
• Problem solving • Safety
Social and Emotional Development
What adults can do...
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Learning to take care of yourself and to do things with your body and hands so that you grow strong and healthy
Infants and toddlers
Lay your baby on their tummy while they are awake. “Tummy time” helps build strong muscles.
Talk while you take care of them. Have them be a part of healthy rou-tines such as washing up, eating and dressing.
Encourage exploring objects with
their hands. Give them small, but safe, items to use with their hands.
Make sure they are healthy. Children
who get enough rest and healthy food learn better.
Preschoolers Find a time and place for your child
to run and play. Running, jumping and climbing help build strong mus-cles and bones.
Have your child take part in self-
care. Talk to them about why being clean is important; show them how to use buttons and zippers, etc.
Offer your child healthy food
choices. Talk about healthy food andeating a variety of good things.
Make sure they get enough rest. Pre-schoolers need 11-13 hours of sleep each day to stay healthy and learn.
Encourage Healthy eating
Physical activity Helping with self-care
Physical Health and Development
What adults can do...
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Communicating using your body, language, signs, and written communication
Infants and toddlers
Share books everyday. Read stories at
bedtime or when riding on the bus.
Talk and sing with your baby. Encourage them to “sing” and “talk”
too. Respond to your baby's noises. Repeat the noises they make or com-
ment, “You sound happy.” Help them learn new words by naming and describing what you
see. “I see a shiny, silver mirror.”
Read books to your child EVERY DAY!
Preschoolers Show interest in what your child is saying. Look at them when they talk and
comment on what they’re saying.
Ask questions that make them think. When reading a story ask, “What do you think will happen next?”
Talk to your child about what happens
during the day. Talk about what you do together and ask about what happens when you are apart.
Let them practice “writing’. Ask them to
draw a picture or make a list, even if they use shapes instead of letters Read books to your child EVERYDAY!
Encourage Interacting with people
Gesturing, making noise and talking Enjoying books, songs, and writing
Expressing ideas, needs, and feelings Writing
Language and Literacy
What adults can do...
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Enjoying music, dance, and art and expressing yourself in these ways.
Infants and toddlers
Play music for your child. Describe the
music and how it makes you feel. Sing to your child. Move to the music
while you’re singing. Show your child pictures. Talk about
the picture, what’s in it, its colors, the shapes...
Encourage your child to create. Give
children art supplies that are
appropriate and safe.
Preschoolers
Display your child's art work. Talk about what they did to make it.
Give your child space to move to
music. Play music with different beats and styles.
Encourage your child to be crea-
tive. Don’t worry about what the project looks like.
Expose them to the arts. Watch
dancing, look at paintings, listen to music, read books about art, theater and music.
Encourage Listening to and making music
Describing art and music Being creative
Creative Arts
What adults can do...
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Understanding numbers and how to use them, counting, patterns, measuring and shapes.
.
Infants and toddlers
Use words that describe how much.
Talk about wanting more or having one or two of something. Talk about shapes. Describe everyday
things such as food, toys, or household items, saying thing like, “Your plate is a circle.”
Compare sizes. Use words such as big, little, long and short. Use math words. Talk about adding one,
taking away, dividing some-thing.
Preschoolers
Count things. Count how many steps it takes to get somewhere, how many pieces of fruit you buy at the store, etc.
Cook together. Let your child help
measure, and count what goes into the recipe.
Sort and match. Match clothes, sort sil-
verware, play with shape sorters. Compare size, shape and position. Talk
to your child about where things are, measure and compare sizes and talk about the shape of everyday items.
Encourage Counting
Measuring Comparing
Mathematics
What adults can do...
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Understanding the world around us, including living things, the earth and space, and energy.
Infants and toddlers
Be excited about their discoveries.
Point out the things they figure out: “You saw the bird fly down from the nest to get food for its babies! Wasn’t that exciting?”
Answer their questions. Encourage
them to ask about things they want to know.
Make sure they have many different
kinds of experiences. Find opportu-nities to explore new places, see na-ture and investigate.
Preschoolers
Give them toys that they can use to explore. Boxes, balls, ramps, bub-bles, magnets, containers, magnify-ing glasses...
Grow things. Plant seeds and talk
about what will happen and what seeds needs to grow.
Go outside. Look at the sky, trees,
plants, animals…, collect things and talk about them.
Ask questions. “What do you think
will happen next?” “What do you see?”
Encourage Exploring
Experimenting Investigating
Science
What adults can do...
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Making sense of the world, learning about numbers, nature and people and connecting with the world, staying with something and working hard to solve problems.
Infants and toddlers
Pretend with your child. Pretend a banana is a phone or feed a doll. Give your child choices. Let your child
choose a snack or what to wear. Give your child lots of different experi-
ences. Explore your neighborhood parks, libraries and museums. Play with things that are used in different ways (to make sounds, build, etc.)
Show your baby how things work.
“Look at how the car rolls.” Play games that involve
back-and forth. As your child gets older, help them wait for a short time.
Preschoolers
Use everyday routines to notice pat-terns. Point out familiar routines (first we wash hands, then we eat).
Sort and categorize throughout the
day. Picking up and toys and laun-dry are great sorting activities.
Wonder with your child. “I wonder if
it’s going to rain today.” Encourage your child to ask questions.
Point out and use symbols. Encourage
your child to recognize and name signs and symbols.
Support your child to finish things they start. Help them plan and stick with things for longer periods of time.
Encourage • Exploring
• Asking Questions and Making Choices • Pretending and Having Fun
• Remembering • Trying New and Difficult Things
Cognition
What adults can do...
23PROOF
Understanding the world and knowing about the people in it. This starts with knowing about your family, then the
community and world.
Infants and toddlers
Help them learn about themselves.
Children need to learn about their own bodies, their family and their feelings so they can learn about others.
Talk about family. Talk about who is a part of your family and about other people’s families.
Talk about the places you go. Children will learn about the community when you talk about the store, the library, the park, etc.
Preschoolers
Point out where things are in the community. Draw maps of your home or school.
Talk about how people are the same and different. Help your child to
appreciate people who are different from them.
Talk about when you were little.
Children love to hear stories and can begin to learn about time and history.
Play “store.” Children can learn about
buying and selling through play.
Encourage Understanding family
Hearing stories about the past Recognizing how people are the
same and different
Social Studies
What adults can do...
25PROOFLear
ning
Prog
ress
ion
Socia
l and
Em
otio
nal D
evelo
pmen
t
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, fo
r exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
trus
ting
heal
thy
atta
chm
ents
and
rela
tions
hips
with
prim
ary
care
give
rs.
Trus
ting
Relat
ionsh
ipsSE
.6.1 A
ttend
and
resp
ond t
o fam
iliar
adult
s and
Is ab
le to
be so
othed
whe
n dis
tress
ed
SE.12
.1 Pr
efer p
rimar
y ca
regiv
er(s)
to
other
s and
us
ually
acce
pt gu
idanc
e fro
m tru
sted a
dults
SE.18
.1 Lo
ok to
tru
sted c
areg
ivers
for cu
es ab
out h
ow
to re
spon
d to t
heir
envir
onme
nt for
co
mfor
t and
supp
ort
SE.24
.1 Us
e fam
iliar
adult
s as s
ecur
e bas
e thr
ough
beha
viors
such
as
glan
cing b
ack a
t ca
regiv
er w
hile p
laying
SE.36
.1 Ap
proa
ch
care
giver
s for
su
ppor
t and
co
mfor
t par
ticula
rly
durin
g stre
ssful
or
frustr
ating
situa
tions
SE.48
.1 En
gage
in
inter
actio
ns w
ith le
ss
familia
r adu
lts
SE.60
.1 Se
ek he
lp an
d ap
prov
al fro
m a w
ider
arra
y of a
dults
in tr
usted
ro
les
Mana
ging
Sepa
ratio
nSE
.6.2 S
how
reco
gnitio
n of
familia
r fac
es
and a
ware
ness
if s
omeo
ne is
a str
ange
r
SE.12
.2 Di
splay
pr
efere
nce
for tr
usted
ad
ults w
hich
may i
nclud
e ex
hibitin
g fea
r an
d pro
testin
g at
sepa
ratio
n
SE.18
.2 Di
splay
att
achm
ent to
trus
ted
adult
s and
feeli
ngs
of se
curity
whic
h ma
y inc
lude a
fear
of
stran
gers
and n
ew an
d un
familia
r plac
es
SE.24
.2 Ma
nage
ro
utine
sepa
ratio
ns fr
om
care
giver
s with
little
dis
tress
and q
uickly
ca
lms a
fter a
sepa
ratio
n so
that
he/sh
e can
mov
e thr
ough
activ
ities
SE.36
.2 Ma
nage
mo
st se
para
tions
wi
thout
distre
ss an
d ad
just to
new
settin
g wi
th su
ppor
t from
a tru
sted a
dult
SE.48
.2 Ma
nage
mos
t se
para
tions
with
out
distre
ss an
d adju
st to
new
settin
gs in
the
pres
ence
of tr
usted
adult
SE.60
.2 Th
roug
h ex
pand
ing re
lation
ships
wi
th ad
ults (
e.g., t
each
er,
play g
roup
lead
er, fr
iends
’ ca
regiv
ers),
exhib
it com
fort
in ex
plorin
g mor
e new
se
ttings
, alth
ough
they
ma
y nee
d to p
eriod
ically
ch
eck-i
n with
a fam
iliar
adult
St
rand
: Ear
ly le
arni
ng e
xper
ienc
es w
ill s
uppo
rt c
hild
ren
to d
evel
op s
elf-r
egul
atio
n.
Regu
lation
of
Emoti
ons a
nd
Beha
vior
SE.6.
3 In a
dditio
n to
being
comf
orted
by
fami
liar a
dult,
can a
lso ge
t com
fort
from
suck
ing th
umb,
fist, o
r pac
ifier
SE.12
.3 Ha
ve
ways
to co
mfor
t se
lf, wh
ich m
ay
involv
e item
s su
ch as
a stu
ffed
anim
al or
a sp
ecial
blan
ket
that h
elp th
em
feel s
afe an
d se
cure
SE.18
.3 Sh
ow
incre
asing
re
gulat
ion th
roug
h da
ily ro
utine
s, ac
tivitie
s and
fam
iliar a
dults
SE.24
.3 W
ith ad
ult
assis
tance
, find
comf
ort in
ritu
als an
d rou
tines
, use
sp
ecial
comf
ort o
bject
to se
lf-soo
the (e
spec
ially
at na
p tim
e)
SE.36
.3 W
ith ad
ult
supp
ort, u
se se
lf-so
othing
tech
nique
s to
calm
SE.48
.3 Us
e stra
tegies
to
self-s
oothe
with
lim
ited a
dult s
uppo
rt
SE.60
.3 Us
e stra
tegies
to
self-s
oothe
acro
ss
situa
tions
with
mini
mal
prom
pting
and s
hare
s str
ategie
s with
peer
s or
family
SE 60
. 4 D
emon
strate
inc
reas
ed ab
ility t
o con
sider
to
the so
cial s
tanda
rds
of the
envir
onme
nt wh
en re
spon
ding t
o the
ir em
otion
al sta
te
26PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
sel
f-reg
ulat
ion
(con
tinue
d)
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Regu
lation
of
Impu
lses a
nd
Beha
vior
SE.6.
4 Res
pond
to
havin
g nee
ds m
et (e
.g. is
comf
orted
by
being
pick
ed up
or
fed)
SE.12
.4 Re
spon
d to
adult
inter
actio
ns
includ
ing to
ne of
vo
ice, e
xpre
ssion
an
d ges
tures
(e.g.
, sh
aking
head
and
frown
ing)
SE.18
.4 Re
spon
d to
adult
guida
nce
to ac
cept
an
alter
nativ
e to i
nitial
de
sire o
r impu
lse
(e.g.
, a tr
uck f
rom
the sh
elf vs
. one
an
other
child
has,
food c
hoice
s)
SE. 2
4.4 A
ccep
t som
e re
direc
tion f
rom
adult
s SE
.36.4
Begin
to co
ntrol
beha
vior b
y res
pond
ing
to ch
oice a
nd lim
its
prov
ided b
y an a
dult
SE.48
.4 W
ith ad
ult
guida
nce a
nd su
ppor
t, wa
it for
shor
t per
iod of
tim
e to g
et so
methi
ng
wante
d (e.g
., wait
ing
for tu
rn w
ith a
toy or
wa
iting f
or ne
xt ste
p in
daily
routi
ne)
SE.60
.5 To
lerate
small
lev
els of
frus
tratio
n and
dis
appo
intme
nt, di
splay
ing
appr
opria
te be
havio
r wi
th ad
ult pr
ompti
ng an
d su
ppor
t
SE.12
.5 Sh
ow
antic
ipatio
n and
re
spon
d to f
amilia
r ro
utine
s in t
heir
lives
SE.18
.5 W
ithin
the co
ntext
of a
resp
onsiv
e adu
lt re
lation
ship,
will
begin
to to
lerate
a br
ief w
ait fo
r nee
ds
to be
met
SE.60
.6 Ini
tiate
prev
iously
-tau
ght s
trateg
ies to
help
delay
grati
ficati
on (e
.g.,
sets
up tu
rn ta
king w
ith a
peer,
finds
a bo
ok to
read
wh
ile w
aiting
for a
spec
ial
activ
ity)
SE.18
.6 Sh
ow
antic
ipatio
n of n
ext
step i
n dail
y rou
tine
(e.g.
, rea
ches
or
signs
for b
ib wh
en
place
d in h
igh ch
air)
SE.24
.5 Is
awar
e of
typica
l routi
ne
and s
how
some
un
derst
andin
g of r
ules,
but m
ay ne
ed ad
ult
supp
ort
SE.36
.5 Ma
ke
trans
itions
and f
ollow
ba
sic ro
utine
s and
rules
wi
th ad
ult su
pervi
sion
SE.48
.5 Ma
ke
trans
itions
and f
ollow
ba
sic sc
hedu
le,
routi
nes a
nd ru
les w
ith
occa
siona
l remi
nder
s
SE.60
.7 Re
call a
nd fo
llow
daily
routi
nes w
ith lit
tle
supp
ort, i
nclud
ing ad
aptin
g to
chan
ges i
n rule
s and
ro
utine
s
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
, exp
ress
, rec
ogni
ze a
nd re
spon
d to
em
otio
ns.
Emoti
onal
Expr
essio
nSE
.6.5 D
isplay
varie
d re
spon
ses (
e.g., w
ill sm
ile or
kick
whe
n a
care
giver
inter
acts
with
them.
may
stiffe
n wh
en so
methi
ng
disple
ases
them
, or
may t
urn a
way f
rom
some
thing
they
disli
ke)
SE.12
.6 Ex
pres
s ba
sic em
otion
s (e
.g., s
adne
ss,
frustr
ation
, ang
er)
throu
gh fa
cial
expr
essio
ns,
move
ments
, cry
ing sm
iling,
laugh
ing
SE.18
.7 Ex
pres
s em
otion
s thr
ough
ph
ysica
l mea
ns
such
as hu
gging
, thr
owing
. May
be
coop
erati
ve or
un
coop
erati
ve an
d loo
k to a
dult f
or
reac
tion
SE.24
.6 Ex
pres
s mor
e co
mplex
emoti
ons
(e.g.
, exc
iteme
nt,
emba
rrass
ment,
pride
, sa
dnes
s) an
d beg
in to
comm
unica
te the
ir fee
lings
(alth
ough
this
rema
ins an
emer
ging
skill
which
is on
ly pa
rtially
eff
ectiv
e)
SE.36
.6 Be
gin to
co
mmun
icate
abou
t fee
lings
, inclu
ding t
he
caus
e and
reac
tion t
o the
se fe
eling
s (e.g
., “I
miss
my m
ommy
. I s
ad”,
“He m
ad yo
u too
k his
toy.”,
“I sa
d so
Papa
hug m
e”)
SE.48
.6 Ex
pres
s em
otion
s exp
erien
ced
in typ
ical d
aily r
outin
es
(e.g.
, frus
tratio
n at
waitin
g, ex
citem
ent
abou
t a fa
vore
d ac
tivity
, prid
e)
throu
gh la
ngua
ge an
d ge
sturin
g rath
er th
an
phys
ical w
ays
SE.60
.8 De
scrib
e em
otion
s and
feeli
ngs t
o tru
sted a
dults
and p
eers
27PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
sel
f-reg
ulat
ion
(con
tinue
d)
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Regu
lation
of
Impu
lses a
nd
Beha
vior
SE.6.
4 Res
pond
to
havin
g nee
ds m
et (e
.g. is
comf
orted
by
being
pick
ed up
or
fed)
SE.12
.4 Re
spon
d to
adult
inter
actio
ns
includ
ing to
ne of
vo
ice, e
xpre
ssion
an
d ges
tures
(e.g.
, sh
aking
head
and
frown
ing)
SE.18
.4 Re
spon
d to
adult
guida
nce
to ac
cept
an
alter
nativ
e to i
nitial
de
sire o
r impu
lse
(e.g.
, a tr
uck f
rom
the sh
elf vs
. one
an
other
child
has,
food c
hoice
s)
SE. 2
4.4 A
ccep
t som
e re
direc
tion f
rom
adult
s SE
.36.4
Begin
to co
ntrol
beha
vior b
y res
pond
ing
to ch
oice a
nd lim
its
prov
ided b
y an a
dult
SE.48
.4 W
ith ad
ult
guida
nce a
nd su
ppor
t, wa
it for
shor
t per
iod of
tim
e to g
et so
methi
ng
wante
d (e.g
., wait
ing
for tu
rn w
ith a
toy or
wa
iting f
or ne
xt ste
p in
daily
routi
ne)
SE.60
.5 To
lerate
small
lev
els of
frus
tratio
n and
dis
appo
intme
nt, di
splay
ing
appr
opria
te be
havio
r wi
th ad
ult pr
ompti
ng an
d su
ppor
t
SE.12
.5 Sh
ow
antic
ipatio
n and
re
spon
d to f
amilia
r ro
utine
s in t
heir
lives
SE.18
.5 W
ithin
the co
ntext
of a
resp
onsiv
e adu
lt re
lation
ship,
will
begin
to to
lerate
a br
ief w
ait fo
r nee
ds
to be
met
SE.60
.6 Ini
tiate
prev
iously
-tau
ght s
trateg
ies to
help
delay
grati
ficati
on (e
.g.,
sets
up tu
rn ta
king w
ith a
peer,
finds
a bo
ok to
read
wh
ile w
aiting
for a
spec
ial
activ
ity)
SE.18
.6 Sh
ow
antic
ipatio
n of n
ext
step i
n dail
y rou
tine
(e.g.
, rea
ches
or
signs
for b
ib wh
en
place
d in h
igh ch
air)
SE.24
.5 Is
awar
e of
typica
l routi
ne
and s
how
some
un
derst
andin
g of r
ules,
but m
ay ne
ed ad
ult
supp
ort
SE.36
.5 Ma
ke
trans
itions
and f
ollow
ba
sic ro
utine
s and
rules
wi
th ad
ult su
pervi
sion
SE.48
.5 Ma
ke
trans
itions
and f
ollow
ba
sic sc
hedu
le,
routi
nes a
nd ru
les w
ith
occa
siona
l remi
nder
s
SE.60
.7 Re
call a
nd fo
llow
daily
routi
nes w
ith lit
tle
supp
ort, i
nclud
ing ad
aptin
g to
chan
ges i
n rule
s and
ro
utine
s
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
, exp
ress
, rec
ogni
ze a
nd re
spon
d to
em
otio
ns.
Emoti
onal
Expr
essio
nSE
.6.5 D
isplay
varie
d re
spon
ses (
e.g., w
ill sm
ile or
kick
whe
n a
care
giver
inter
acts
with
them.
may
stiffe
n wh
en so
methi
ng
disple
ases
them
, or
may t
urn a
way f
rom
some
thing
they
disli
ke)
SE.12
.6 Ex
pres
s ba
sic em
otion
s (e
.g., s
adne
ss,
frustr
ation
, ang
er)
throu
gh fa
cial
expr
essio
ns,
move
ments
, cry
ing sm
iling,
laugh
ing
SE.18
.7 Ex
pres
s em
otion
s thr
ough
ph
ysica
l mea
ns
such
as hu
gging
, thr
owing
. May
be
coop
erati
ve or
un
coop
erati
ve an
d loo
k to a
dult f
or
reac
tion
SE.24
.6 Ex
pres
s mor
e co
mplex
emoti
ons
(e.g.
, exc
iteme
nt,
emba
rrass
ment,
pride
, sa
dnes
s) an
d beg
in to
comm
unica
te the
ir fee
lings
(alth
ough
this
rema
ins an
emer
ging
skill
which
is on
ly pa
rtially
eff
ectiv
e)
SE.36
.6 Be
gin to
co
mmun
icate
abou
t fee
lings
, inclu
ding t
he
caus
e and
reac
tion t
o the
se fe
eling
s (e.g
., “I
miss
my m
ommy
. I s
ad”,
“He m
ad yo
u too
k his
toy.”,
“I sa
d so
Papa
hug m
e”)
SE.48
.6 Ex
pres
s em
otion
s exp
erien
ced
in typ
ical d
aily r
outin
es
(e.g.
, frus
tratio
n at
waitin
g, ex
citem
ent
abou
t a fa
vore
d ac
tivity
, prid
e)
throu
gh la
ngua
ge an
d ge
sturin
g rath
er th
an
phys
ical w
ays
SE.60
.8 De
scrib
e em
otion
s and
feeli
ngs t
o tru
sted a
dults
and p
eers
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
, exp
ress
, rec
ogni
ze a
nd re
spon
d to
em
otio
ns.
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
, exp
ress
, rec
ogni
ze a
nd re
spon
d to
em
otio
ns (c
otin
ued)
. 0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24-3
6 mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
sRe
cogn
ition
and
Resp
onse
to
Emoti
ons i
n Ot
hers
SE.6.
6 Rea
ct to
differ
ent e
motio
ns
of fam
iliar a
dults
(e
.g., s
mile
and c
oo
at sm
iling f
aces
, tur
n awa
y fro
m sa
d fac
es)
SE.12
.7 No
tice
and r
eact
to fee
lings
of
other
s. (e
.g.,
may f
rown
whe
n an
other
baby
is
crying
or be
up
set if
hear
s ye
lling)
SE.18
.8 Re
cogn
ize
basic
feeli
ngs i
n self
an
d othe
rs
SE.24
.7 Re
cogn
ize
and r
espo
nd to
basic
fee
lings
in ot
hers
(e.g.
, give
s item
to
peer
who
is up
set)
SE.36
.7 La
bel a
va
riety
of em
otion
s in
pictur
es an
d othe
rs’
expr
essio
ns
SE.48
.7 Re
cogn
ize, la
bel
and r
espo
nd to
a wi
de
varie
ty of
emoti
ons i
n othe
rs
SE.60
.9 Re
cogn
ize an
d sh
ow ac
know
ledge
ment
of the
feeli
ng, n
eeds
and
rights
of ot
hers
throu
gh
beha
vior (
e.g., s
ay “t
hank
yo
u”, s
hare
s with
othe
rs,
notic
e iss
ues o
f fairn
ess)
SE.18
.9 Be
gin to
re
spon
d to o
thers’
fee
lings
and s
how
inter
est in
them
. Sh
ow aw
aren
ess
of wh
en an
adult
is
pleas
ed or
upse
t wi
th be
havio
r
SE 36
.8 Sh
ow
awar
enes
s of
appr
opria
te re
spon
ses
to the
emoti
onal
state
of oth
ers (
e.g.,
may
occa
siona
lly co
mfor
t so
meon
e who
is up
set
or m
ay nu
rture
a do
ll du
ring d
rama
tic pl
ay)
SE.48
.8 Ma
ke co
nnec
tions
be
twee
n emo
tiona
l reac
tion
of oth
ers a
nd ow
n emo
tiona
l ex
perie
nces
SE.60
.10 B
egin
to un
derst
and t
hat d
iffere
nt pe
ople
may h
ave d
iffere
nt em
otion
al re
actio
ns
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
sel
f-aw
aren
ess,
sel
f-con
cept
and
com
pete
nce.
Sens
e of s
elfSE
.6.7 R
eact
when
he
aring
their
own
name
thro
ugh
move
ment
or
expr
essio
ns
SE.12
.8 Co
nsist
ently
re
spon
d to t
heir
name
SE.18
.9 De
mons
trates
self-
awar
enes
s tho
ugh
resp
onse
to na
me
and u
se of
“me”
and
“mine
”
SE.24
.8 Ide
ntify
own f
amily
me
mber
s by
relat
ionsh
ip an
d/or
name
SE.36
.9 Ide
ntify
self,
family
mem
bers,
tea
cher
and s
ome
peer
s by n
ame
SE.48
.9 Re
fer to
the
mselv
es by
first
and
last n
ame a
nd id
entify
so
me ch
arac
terist
ics (e
.g.,
gend
er, ha
ir colo
r, etc.
) and
sk
ills
SE.60
.11 Id
entify
them
selve
s as
an in
dividu
al an
d a
part
of a g
roup
by s
harin
g ind
ividu
al ch
arac
terist
ics an
d ro
les w
ithin
the gr
oup (
e.g.,
name
fami
ly me
mber
s and
ro
les, n
ame t
eam
memb
ers
or cl
assm
ates)
SE.6.
8 Beg
in to
reali
ze th
eir ha
nds
and f
eet b
elong
to
them
and e
xplor
e the
m as
well
as fa
ce,
eyes
and m
outh
SE.12
.9 Sh
ow
awar
enes
s of
body
parts
of
self a
nd ot
hers
SE.18
.10 R
ecog
nize
self i
n mirr
or
Perso
nal
Prefe
renc
esSE
6.9 E
xpre
ss
prefe
renc
es fo
r fam
iliar p
eople
and
some
objec
ts. (e
.g.,
stop c
rying
mor
e qu
ickly
with
a fam
iliar
perso
n; m
ove t
heir
legs,
arms
, and
smile
at
a fam
iliar p
erso
n)
SE.12
.10
Deve
lop
prefe
renc
es fo
r foo
d obje
cts,
textur
es. M
ay
rejec
t non
-pr
eferre
d item
s (e
.g., p
ushin
g the
m aw
ay)
SE.18
.11 B
egin
to co
mmun
icate
own
likes
and d
islike
s
SE.24
.9 Us
e wor
ds
and/o
r ges
tures
to
expr
ess i
ntere
sts
(e.g.
, poin
ts an
d say
s, “lo
ok,
airpla
ne”)
SE.36
.10 M
ay w
ant to
ke
ep w
hat b
elong
s to
them
close
by an
d ofte
n wi
ll not
want
to sh
are
SE.48
.10 R
ecog
nize a
nd
desc
ribe t
hems
elves
in
terms
of ba
sic pr
efere
nces
SE.60
.12 D
escri
be se
lf by
refer
ring t
o pre
feren
ces,
thoug
hts an
d fee
lings
28PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
sel
f-aw
aren
ess,
sel
f-con
cept
and
com
pete
nce
(con
tinue
d).
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Self-
Conc
ept a
nd
comp
etenc
y
SE.12
.11
Demo
nstra
te an
ticipa
tion o
f re
sults
from
ow
n acti
ons
(e.g.
, dro
ps
toy so
adult
wi
ll pick
it up
, re
peats
actio
n tha
t mak
es lo
ud
noise
)
SE.18
.12 S
how
confi
denc
e whe
n su
ppor
ted to
co
mplet
e fam
iliar
tasks
and w
ill att
empt
new
tasks
wi
th ad
ult su
ppor
t
SE.24
.10
Comp
lete s
imple
fam
iliar t
asks
with
co
nfide
nce (
e.g.,
puts
on ar
ticle
of clo
thing
); en
gage
in
new
expe
rienc
es
with
supp
ort fr
om a
familia
r adu
lt
SE.36
.11 R
egula
rly
enga
ge in
fami
liar B
egin
to sh
ow in
depe
nden
ce
by fr
eque
ntly a
ttemp
ting
to do
thing
on th
eir ow
n ev
en w
hen t
asks
are
diffic
ult fo
r the
m
SE.48
.11 D
emon
strate
co
nfide
nce i
n a ra
nge o
f ac
tivitie
s, ro
utine
s, an
d tas
ks an
d tak
e init
iative
in
attem
pting
unfam
iliar t
asks
SE.60
.13 D
emon
strate
inc
reas
ed co
nfide
nce i
n att
empti
ng ne
w tas
ks an
d ma
king d
ecisi
ons r
egar
ding
activ
ities a
nd m
ateria
ls
SE.18
.13 R
eact
posit
ively
(e.g.
, sm
iles,
claps
) to
acco
mplis
hmen
ts
SE. 3
6.12 E
xpre
ss
feelin
g of p
leasu
re ov
er
acco
mplis
hmen
t and
sh
are t
his w
ith ot
hers
(e.g.
, “Lo
ok w
hat I
made
”
SE.60
.14 S
how
pride
in
acco
mplis
hmen
ts an
d ab
ilities
SE.12
.12
Resp
ond t
o own
ac
tions
with
ple
asur
e (e.g
., co
os, la
ughs
)
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
soc
ial r
elat
ions
hips
.
Adult
Re
lation
ships
(see n
ote
below
)
SE.6.
10 R
espo
nd
differ
ently
to
differ
ent p
eople
.
Resp
ond t
o fam
iliar p
eople
by
smilin
g, co
oing,
and m
oving
their
bo
dy
SE.12
.13
Enga
ge in
soc
ial
inter
actio
ns no
t co
nnec
ted to
ge
tting p
hysic
al ne
eds m
et (e
.g.,
peek
-a-b
oo
, per
formi
ng,
copy
ing ot
hers,
an
d bab
bling
)
SE.18
.14 S
how
affec
tion o
r sh
ared
atten
tion
(e.g.
, poin
ting
out s
ometh
ing
of int
eres
t) to
an
incre
asing
numb
er
of fam
iliar p
eople
SE.24
.11 E
njoy
game
s and
othe
r so
cial e
xcha
nges
wi
th fam
iliar a
dults
. Ma
y see
k out
repe
ated p
atter
ns
of int
erac
tion
SE.36
.13 E
njoy s
harin
g ne
w ex
perie
nces
with
fam
iliar a
dults
SE.48
.12 C
ommu
nicate
wi
th fam
iliar a
dults
and
acce
pt or
requ
est g
uidan
ce
SE.60
.15 Ty
picall
y use
so
cially
appr
opria
te be
havio
r wi
th ad
ults,
such
as he
lping
, re
spon
ding t
o lim
its, e
tc.
SE.6.
11 S
how
inter
est in
int
erac
ting w
ith
other
s. Ma
y ga
in an
adult
’s att
entio
n and
wait
for
a re
spon
se
SE.12
.14 N
otice
the
activ
ity of
ad
ults a
nd ot
her
child
ren a
nd
atten
d clos
ely
Note:
Car
egive
rs gu
ide ch
ildre
n dur
ing in
terac
tions
with
them
, as w
ell as
othe
r adu
lts. T
here
fore,
these
mar
kers
of so
cial re
lation
ships
with
adult
s are
high
ly de
pend
ent u
pon c
hild
tempe
rame
nt, th
e adu
lt tem
pera
ment,
and t
he ad
ult’s
guida
nce a
nd re
gulat
ion of
the i
nterp
lay.
29PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
soc
ial r
elat
ions
hips
(con
tinue
d).
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Play
/ Fr
iends
hipSE
.6.12
Noti
ce
other
child
ren a
nd
may t
ouch
, smi
le or
coo t
o the
m
SE.12
.15 W
atch
actio
ns of
othe
r ch
ildre
n but
does
no
t join
into t
he
play.
May s
tay in
pr
oxim
ity, m
ake
eye c
ontac
t and
ba
bble
SE.18
.15 S
how
inter
est in
child
ren
who a
re pl
aying
ne
arby
and m
ay
inter
act w
ith th
em
briefl
y
SE.24
.12 S
how
inter
est in
wha
t oth
er ch
ildre
n are
do
ing an
d play
alo
ngsid
e the
m wi
th sim
ilar m
ateria
ls
SE.36
.14 S
eek o
ut oth
er ch
ildre
n and
wi
ll inte
ract
with
other
ch
ildre
n usin
g com
mon
mater
ials
SE.48
.13 In
terac
t with
one
or m
ore c
hildr
en (in
cludin
g sm
all gr
oups
) beg
inning
to
work
togeth
er to
build
or
comp
lete a
proje
ct
SE.60
.16 C
oope
rates
with
pe
ers t
hrou
gh sh
aring
and
taking
turn
s
SE.36
.15 S
how
prefe
renc
e for
ce
rtain
peer
s ove
r tim
e alth
ough
thes
e pr
efere
nces
may
shift
SE.60
.17 In
creas
ingly
inves
ted in
the r
espo
nses
an
d frie
ndsh
ip of
peer
s and
mo
dify b
ehav
ior to
enha
nce
peer
relat
ionsh
ipsSE
.48.14
Inter
act w
ith a
varie
ty of
child
ren i
n the
pr
ogra
m
SE.60
.18 S
eek h
elp fr
om
peer
s and
offer
s ass
istan
ce
when
it is
appr
opria
te
Confl
ict
reso
lution
SE.48
.15 S
eek a
nd ac
cept
adult
help
to so
lve co
nflict
s wi
th pe
ers
SE.60
.19 E
ngag
e in
deve
loping
solut
ions a
nd
work
to re
solve
confl
ict w
ith
peer
s
30PROOFLear
ning
Prog
ress
ionPh
ysic
al D
evel
opm
ent a
nd H
ealth
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for
exam
ple, w
hen c
hildr
en:
Indica
tors
This
evide
nt, fo
r ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for
exam
ple, w
hen
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for e
xamp
le,
when
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for
exam
ple, w
hen c
hildr
en:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for
exam
ple, w
hen
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
gro
ss m
otor
ski
lls.
Mobil
ity
*Chil
dren
may
us
e ada
ptive
eq
uipme
nt or
an
assis
tive
devic
e to
achie
ve
indep
ende
nce
on th
ese
indica
tors
PH.6.
1 Sho
w he
ad co
ntrol
when
in an
y pos
ition
and d
uring
tran
sition
al mo
veme
nt
PH.12
.1 Ge
t into
sittin
g pos
ition
on ow
n and
pla
y whil
e in t
his
posit
ion
PH.18
.1 Us
e wa
lking
as m
ain
mean
s of m
obilit
y an
d pull
toy w
hen
walki
ng
PH.24
.1 W
alk w
ith le
gs
close
r tog
ether
and a
ble to
ch
ange
dire
ction
s smo
othly
and c
arry
objec
ts
PH.36
.1 W
alk an
d run
on
vario
us su
rface
s and
leve
l ch
ange
s with
balan
ce an
d co
ntrol
of sp
eed
PH.48
.1 W
alk up
an
d dow
n stai
rs alt
erna
ting f
eet w
hile
carry
ing an
objec
t
PH.60
.1 Al
terna
te dir
ectio
n whil
e run
ning
and s
top ea
sily w
ithou
t los
ing ba
lance
PH.6.
2 Roll
over,
usua
lly
from
both
direc
tions
PH.12
.2 Mo
ve
when
on th
e flo
or by
rollin
g, cre
eping
, cra
wling
wi
th pu
rpos
e
PH.18
.2 St
and
from
a squ
at po
sition
using
ar
ms to
push
off
floor
PH.24
.2 Be
gin to
run
PH.6.
3 Rea
ch, g
rasp
and
bat fo
r obje
cts ov
erhe
ad
and e
ventu
ally r
each
and
play w
ith fe
et wh
en on
ba
ck
PH.36
.2 W
alk up
and
down
stair
s alte
rnati
ng
feet o
n step
s with
railin
g he
ld
PH.6.
4 Pus
h up a
nd
supp
ort w
eight
on
forea
rms w
hen o
n sto
mach
PH.12
.3 Pu
ll to
stand
, cru
ise al
ong
furnit
ure,
and
stand
alon
e; ma
y tak
e a fe
w ste
ps
indep
ende
ntly o
r wi
th he
lp
PH.18
.3 Cr
eep u
p an
d dow
n stai
rsPH
.24.3
Walk
up an
d dow
n ste
ps ho
lding
onto
rail,
often
lea
ding w
ith th
e sam
e foo
t an
d neg
otiati
ng on
e step
at
a tim
e
PH.6.
5 Sit w
ith su
ppor
t
31PROOFLear
ning
Prog
ress
ionPh
ysic
al D
evel
opm
ent a
nd H
ealth
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for
exam
ple, w
hen c
hildr
en:
Indica
tors
This
evide
nt, fo
r ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for
exam
ple, w
hen
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for e
xamp
le,
when
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for
exam
ple, w
hen c
hildr
en:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident,
for
exam
ple, w
hen
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
gro
ss m
otor
ski
lls.
Mobil
ity
*Chil
dren
may
us
e ada
ptive
eq
uipme
nt or
an
assis
tive
devic
e to
achie
ve
indep
ende
nce
on th
ese
indica
tors
PH.6.
1 Sho
w he
ad co
ntrol
when
in an
y pos
ition
and d
uring
tran
sition
al mo
veme
nt
PH.12
.1 Ge
t into
sittin
g pos
ition
on ow
n and
pla
y whil
e in t
his
posit
ion
PH.18
.1 Us
e wa
lking
as m
ain
mean
s of m
obilit
y an
d pull
toy w
hen
walki
ng
PH.24
.1 W
alk w
ith le
gs
close
r tog
ether
and a
ble to
ch
ange
dire
ction
s smo
othly
and c
arry
objec
ts
PH.36
.1 W
alk an
d run
on
vario
us su
rface
s and
leve
l ch
ange
s with
balan
ce an
d co
ntrol
of sp
eed
PH.48
.1 W
alk up
an
d dow
n stai
rs alt
erna
ting f
eet w
hile
carry
ing an
objec
t
PH.60
.1 Al
terna
te dir
ectio
n whil
e run
ning
and s
top ea
sily w
ithou
t los
ing ba
lance
PH.6.
2 Roll
over,
usua
lly
from
both
direc
tions
PH.12
.2 Mo
ve
when
on th
e flo
or by
rollin
g, cre
eping
, cra
wling
wi
th pu
rpos
e
PH.18
.2 St
and
from
a squ
at po
sition
using
ar
ms to
push
off
floor
PH.24
.2 Be
gin to
run
PH.6.
3 Rea
ch, g
rasp
and
bat fo
r obje
cts ov
erhe
ad
and e
ventu
ally r
each
and
play w
ith fe
et wh
en on
ba
ck
PH.36
.2 W
alk up
and
down
stair
s alte
rnati
ng
feet o
n step
s with
railin
g he
ld
PH.6.
4 Pus
h up a
nd
supp
ort w
eight
on
forea
rms w
hen o
n sto
mach
PH.12
.3 Pu
ll to
stand
, cru
ise al
ong
furnit
ure,
and
stand
alon
e; ma
y tak
e a fe
w ste
ps
indep
ende
ntly o
r wi
th he
lp
PH.18
.3 Cr
eep u
p an
d dow
n stai
rsPH
.24.3
Walk
up an
d dow
n ste
ps ho
lding
onto
rail,
often
lea
ding w
ith th
e sam
e foo
t an
d neg
otiati
ng on
e step
at
a tim
e
PH.6.
5 Sit w
ith su
ppor
t
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
gro
ss m
otor
ski
lls (c
ontin
ued)
.0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24-3
6 mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
sLa
rge M
uscle
Mo
veme
nt an
d Co
ordin
ation
PH.18
.4 Th
row
ball i
n for
ward
dir
ectio
n
PH.24
.4Use
mor
e co
mplic
ated s
eries
of
move
ments
such
as
climb
ing on
to an
d dow
n fro
m fur
nitur
e with
out h
elp,
prop
elling
self o
n ride
-on
toys
PH.36
.3Ca
tch an
d thr
ow
a play
grou
nd ba
ll wi
th an
adult
shor
t dis
tance
away
PH.48
.2 Co
mbine
se
vera
l gro
ss m
otor
skills
in an
orga
nized
wa
y, su
ch as
mov
ing
throu
gh an
obsta
cle
cour
se or
partic
ipatin
g in
a cre
ative
mov
emen
t ac
tivity
follo
wing
dir
ectiv
es
PH.60
.2 Co
ordin
ate
more
comp
lex
move
ments
with
inc
reas
ing co
ntrol,
ba
lance
, and
accu
racy
(e
.g., c
limbin
g on
playg
roun
d equ
ipmen
t, pu
mping
a sw
ing,
hops
cotch
, ridi
ng
tricyc
le)
PH.36
.4 Ju
mp w
ith
two f
eet
PH.48
.3 Ho
p on o
ne fo
ot
PH.24
.5 Ca
tch a
large
ball
tosse
d fro
m a s
hort
distan
ce
again
st the
ir bod
y usin
g bo
th ar
ms
PH.36
.5 Ki
ck a
ball i
n for
ward
dire
ction
PH.48
.4 Ki
ck ba
ll at
targe
t a sh
ort d
istan
ce
away
with
accu
racy
and
spee
dPH
.48.5
Thro
w sm
all
ball o
verh
and a
t targ
et a
shor
t dist
ance
away
with
ac
cura
cy
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
fine
mot
or s
kills
.Vi
sual
Motor
Int
egra
tion
PH.6.
6 Loc
ate an
objec
t us
ing vi
sion o
r sou
nd,
reac
h and
gras
p the
ob
ject
PH.12
.4 Re
ach
into c
ontai
ners
or re
ache
s to
activ
ate a
simple
ca
use a
nd ef
fect
toy
PH.18
.5 En
gage
in
play t
hat
requ
ires u
sing
vision
and h
ands
su
ch as
build
a tow
er or
stru
cture
, wi
th se
vera
l blo
cks b
alanc
ed
on to
p of e
ach
other
or pl
acing
a l
arge
peg i
n a
pegb
oard
base
PH.24
.6 Or
ient p
ieces
to
match
open
ing an
d co
mplet
e a si
mple
inset
form
boar
d/puz
zle or
shap
e sor
ter
PH.36
.6 Us
e com
mon
tools
that r
equir
e eye
- ha
nd co
ordin
ation
wi
th pr
ecisi
on an
d for
the
ir inte
nded
purp
ose
(e.g.
, ham
mer p
eg,
twist
hand
le to
open
lat
ch, p
ut bo
dy pa
rts
on M
r. Pota
to)
PH.48
.6 Us
e sma
ller
objec
ts wi
th pr
ecisi
ons
(e.g.
, put
small
pegs
in
light
boar
d, us
e lar
ge
need
le to
sew,
use
sciss
ors t
o cut
on cu
rved
line,
etc.)
PH.60
.3 Us
e co
ordin
ated
move
ments
to
manip
ulate
mater
ials,
includ
ing cu
tting a
nd
draw
ing w
ith co
ntrol
and u
sing a
ppro
priat
e ha
nd po
sition
to
manip
ulate
objec
ts (e
.g., th
umb u
p pos
ition
while
using
sciss
ors)
PH
.6.7 F
ollow
an ob
ject
with
eyes
acro
ss bo
dy,
cross
ing th
e midd
le
PH.12
.5 Co
mbine
an
d sep
arate
toys
(e
.g., r
eplac
e and
re
move
larg
e ring
s fro
m po
st in
any
orde
r)
32PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
dev
elop
fine
mot
or s
kills
(con
tinue
d).
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Small
Mus
cle
Move
ment
and
Coor
dinati
on
PH.6.
8 Use
volun
tary a
nd
purp
osefu
l mov
emen
ts to
bring
hand
s to m
outh.
PH.12
.6 Mo
ve
objec
ts fro
m on
e ha
nd to
anoth
er
and c
ombin
e item
s at
cente
r of b
ody
(e.g.
, ban
ging t
wo
block
s tog
ether
)
PH.18
.6 Us
e both
ha
nds a
t the s
ame
time f
or di
ffere
nt pu
rpos
es (e
.g.,
may s
tabiliz
e tow
er w
ith on
e ha
nd an
d add
an
addit
ional
block
wi
th oth
er ha
nd)
PH.24
.7 Us
e a w
riting
tool
to sc
ribble
purp
osefu
lly
and i
mitat
e ver
tical
and
horiz
ontal
stro
ke; m
ay us
e a
fisted
gras
p
PH.36
.7 Us
e writi
ng
tools
or pa
int ob
jects
with
some
contr
ol an
d pu
rpos
e
PH.48
.7 Us
e writi
ng/
draw
ing to
ols w
ith
incre
ased
prec
ision
to
draw
simp
le sh
apes
, pic
tures
and/o
r lette
r. Ma
y hav
e imm
ature
pe
ncil g
rasp
with
3-5
finge
rs on
penc
il sha
ft
PH.60
.4 Ha
ve
suffic
ient c
ontro
l of
writin
g imp
lemen
ts to
copy
simp
le for
ms or
ge
ometr
ic sh
apes
and
write
some
lette
rs (e
.g.,
may w
rite ow
n nam
e sin
ce th
ese a
re m
ost
familia
r)
PH.6.
9 Brin
g han
ds
togeth
er w
hile l
ying o
n ba
ck
PH.12
.7 Us
e ind
ex
finge
r to p
oke a
nd
point
and g
rasp
sm
all ob
jects
betw
een t
humb
an
d fing
ertip
s
PH.60
.5 Us
e a m
ature
pe
ncil g
rasp
with
3 fin
gers
on w
riting
im
pleme
nt
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
acq
uire
ada
ptiv
e sk
ills.
N
ote:
Con
side
ratio
n of
cul
tura
l bel
iefs
and
pre
fere
nces
acr
oss
thes
e de
velo
pmen
tal p
rogr
essi
ons
is c
ritic
al.
Feed
ing
Routi
nes/
Nutrit
ion
PH.6.
10 P
artic
ipate
in fee
ding r
outin
es w
ith
cons
isten
t car
egive
rs by
holdi
ng on
to bo
ttle,
and/
or le
aning
forw
ard
in an
ticipa
tion o
f food
off
ered
via b
ottle,
brea
st,
or sp
oon
PH.12
.8 Pa
rticipa
te in
feedin
g rou
tines
by
, hold
ing cu
ps
or bo
ttles,
using
fin
gers
for se
lf-fee
ding,
and/
or us
ing ea
ting
utens
ils
PH.18
.7 De
mons
trate
incre
ased
pr
oficie
ncy u
sing
eatin
g uten
sils a
nd
cups
. May
begin
to
serve
self s
ome
food,
but s
pills
are
comm
on
PH.24
.8 Be
gin to
serve
self
food
(dish
ing ou
t help
ings
and p
ourin
g liqu
ids) w
ith
adult
assis
tance
PH.36
.8 Fe
ed se
lf wi
th mi
nimal
spilli
ng.
PH.48
.8 Po
ur liq
uid fr
om
a sma
ll pitc
her
PH.60
.6 Us
e butt
er
knife
to sp
read
and c
ut.
Open
mos
t con
taine
rs to
remo
ve fo
od
Safet
y and
Re
spon
sibilit
y P
H.18
.8 Ty
picall
y re
spon
d to a
dult
requ
ests
to sto
p un
safe
beha
vior
PH. 2
4.9 S
how
awar
enes
s of
items
that
are u
nsafe
and
point
them
out to
fami
liar
adult
s (e.g
., poin
t out
open
ga
te ab
ove s
tairs,
show
the
m a k
nife t
hat is
left o
n co
unter
)
PH.36
.9 Te
ll sev
eral
basic
safet
y rule
s at
home
and i
n fam
iliar s
etting
s (e.g
., sc
hool,
libra
ry, an
d pla
ygro
und)
. Br
ing
other
child
ren’s
ru
le-br
eakin
g to t
he
atten
tion o
f adu
lts
PH.48
.9 Un
derst
and
basic
safet
y rule
s at
home
and i
n fam
iliar
settin
gs (e
.g., s
choo
l, lib
rary,
and p
laygr
ound
). Ge
nera
lly fo
llow
rules
and b
ring o
ther
child
ren’s
rule-
brea
king
to the
atten
tion o
f adu
lts
PH.60
.7 Un
derst
and t
he
reas
on fo
r mos
t bas
ic sa
fety r
ules a
t hom
e, in
familia
r sett
ings,
and i
n the
comm
unity
33PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
acq
uire
ada
ptiv
e sk
ills
(con
tinue
d).
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Dres
sing a
nd
Hygie
nePH
.12.9
Partic
ipate
in dr
essin
g, un
dres
sing,
and
bathi
ng by
holdi
ng ar
ms
out, t
aking
off s
ocks
, etc.
PH.18
.9 Sh
ow
inter
est in
doing
thi
ngs f
or hi
m/he
rself i
nclud
ing
dres
sing.
Put a
rm
in sle
eve,
step o
ut of
pants
, atte
mpt
to pu
t on s
ocks
or
shoe
s
PH.24
.10 E
ngag
e in
dres
sing a
nd hy
giene
ro
utine
s with
incre
asing
int
entio
n: pu
ll pan
ts up
and
down
, take
off ja
cket,
dry
own h
ands
PH.36
.10 A
ttemp
t to
comp
lete b
asic
self-
care
routi
nes (
e.g.,
dres
sing,
undr
essin
g, toi
leting
, and
was
hing)
alt
houg
h may
still
need
care
giver
as
sistan
ce
PH.48
.10 M
anag
e mos
t as
pects
of dr
essin
g, toi
leting
, han
d was
hing,
and t
ooth
brus
hing
indep
ende
ntly w
ith
minim
al ca
regiv
er
remi
nder
s to g
uide a
nd
supp
ort
PH.60
.8 Ty
picall
y ma
nage
own d
ress
ing,
toilet
ing, a
nd ba
sic
hygie
ne
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
mai
ntai
n ph
ysic
al h
ealth
sta
tus
and
wel
l-bei
ng.
N
ote:
Con
side
ratio
n of
cul
tura
l bel
iefs
and
pre
fere
nces
acr
oss
thes
e de
velo
pmen
tal p
rogr
essi
ons
is c
ritic
al.
Phys
ical
Healt
h Stat
usCh
ildre
n’s ph
ysica
l hea
lth st
atus i
mpac
ts lea
rning
and d
evelo
pmen
t in al
l are
as. C
hildr
en w
ho po
sses
s goo
d ove
rall h
ealth
(inclu
ding o
ral, v
isual,
and a
udito
ry) w
ith an
y ap
prop
riate
supp
orts
(such
as gl
asse
s, he
aring
aids
, or a
ltern
ative
comm
unica
tion s
ystem
s) ha
ve a
solid
foun
datio
n to h
elp th
em gr
ow an
d lea
rn. M
aintai
ning g
ood o
vera
ll hea
lth
status
invo
lves r
egula
r scre
ening
s, a l
ack o
f illne
ss or
prev
entab
le dis
ease
s, ag
e app
ropr
iate a
moun
ts of
sleep
and r
est, a
nd he
althy
grow
th pa
ttern
s (e.g
., heig
ht an
d weig
ht).
Phys
ical
Activ
ityPH
.6.11
Inter
act
with
care
giver
s in
daily
phys
ical
activ
ities t
hat
involv
e var
ying
posit
ions
and p
romo
te de
velop
ment
of mo
veme
nt sk
ills
PH.12
.10 In
terac
t with
ca
regiv
ers i
n dail
y phy
sical
activ
ities t
hat in
volve
ex
plora
tion a
nd m
ovem
ent
PH.18
.10 In
terac
t wi
th ca
regiv
ers i
n a
varie
ty of
phys
ical
activ
ity ex
perie
nces
PH.24
.11 E
ngag
e in p
hysic
al ac
tivity
in bo
th ind
oor a
nd
outdo
or en
viron
ments
that
requ
ire us
e of la
rge m
uscle
s
PH.36
.11
Demo
nstra
te inc
reas
ing st
reng
th an
d end
uran
ce
suffic
ient to
activ
ely
enga
ge in
a tot
al of
60 m
inutes
of ph
ysica
l ac
tivity
spre
ad ov
er
the co
urse
of a
day
PH.48
.11 D
emon
strate
inc
reas
ing st
reng
th an
d en
dura
nce s
ufficie
nt to
activ
ely en
gage
in 60
mi
nutes
of m
oder
ate to
vig
orou
s phy
sical
activ
ity
spre
ad ov
er th
e cou
rse
of a d
ay
PH.60
.9 De
mons
trate
incre
asing
stre
ngth
and
endu
ranc
e suffi
cient
to ac
tively
enga
ge in
60
minu
tes of
mod
erate
to
vigor
ous p
hysic
al ac
tivity
spre
ad ov
er th
e co
urse
of a
day
Healt
hy
Beha
viors
Child
ren p
artic
ipate
in se
lf-car
e rou
tines
, hyg
iene a
nd nu
trition
with
assis
tance
and p
romp
ting f
rom
care
giver
s. Th
ese s
kills
are a
ddre
ssed
in th
e foll
owing
stra
nds:
• Dre
ssing
and H
ygien
e• F
eedin
g Rou
tines
/Nutr
ition
PH.36
.12 D
iscus
s he
althy
prac
tices
inc
luding
hygie
ne,
nutrit
ion an
d slee
p
PH.48
.12 N
ame
exam
ples o
f hea
lthy
prac
tice i
nclud
ing
hygie
ne, n
utritio
n and
sle
ep
PH.60
.10 Id
entify
he
althy
prac
tices
inc
luding
hygie
ne,
nutrit
ion an
d slee
p
34PROOFThe
lang
uage
, com
mun
icat
ion,
and
lite
racy
lear
ning
pro
gres
sion
s inc
lude
d he
re a
re in
tend
ed to
repr
esen
t com
mon
dev
elop
men
t of l
angu
age
skill
s in
a ch
ild’s
prim
ary
lang
uage
or m
odes
of c
omm
unic
atio
n. C
hild
ren
who
are
lear
ning
mul
tiple
lang
uage
s or c
hild
ren
who
are
lear
ning
to c
omm
unic
ate
in m
odes
of c
omm
unic
atio
n di
ffere
nt fr
om th
at o
f the
ir pr
imar
y ca
regi
ver m
ay d
emon
stra
te in
divi
dual
var
iatio
n in
thei
r pro
gres
s tow
ard
thes
e la
n-gu
age
and
liter
acy
goal
s. T
hose
supp
ortin
g ch
ildre
n w
ho a
re le
arni
ng m
ultip
le la
ngua
ges m
ay a
lso
wan
t to
refe
r to
the
supp
lem
enta
l Dua
l Lan
guag
e Le
arne
r Fra
mew
ork
to b
e us
ed in
con
junc
tion
with
con
side
ring
a ch
ild’s
pro
gres
s in
thei
r prim
ary
lang
uage
or m
ode
of c
omm
unic
atio
n th
roug
h th
e us
e of
this
dom
ain.
Lear
ning
Pr
ogre
ssio
nEa
rly L
angu
age,
Com
mun
icat
ion,
and
Lite
racy
Lang
uage
and
Lite
racy
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, fo
r exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, fo
r exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Stra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
unde
rstan
d lan
guag
e (re
cepti
ve la
ngua
ge).
Wor
d Co
mpre
hens
ionL.6
.1 Re
spon
d to
facial
ex
pres
sions
or
voice
s by
chan
ging o
wn
facial
expr
essio
n, cry
ing, o
r alte
ring
move
ments
L.12.1
Un
derst
and
that w
ords
, ge
sture
s, an
d/or
signs
repr
esen
t ob
jects,
peop
le,
or ex
perie
nces
L.18.1
Und
ersta
nd
that w
ords
, ge
sture
s, or
sig
ns st
and f
or
peop
le, ob
jects,
or
expe
rienc
es th
at ar
e not
pres
ent
L.24.1
Dem
onstr
ate
in a v
ariet
y of w
ays
unde
rstan
ding o
f mo
st of
what
is co
mmun
icated
thr
ough
gestu
res,
signs
, or o
ral
langu
age
L.36.1
Dem
onstr
ate
an un
derst
andin
g of
an in
creas
ed
voca
bular
y, infl
uenc
ed by
ex
perie
nces
and
relat
ionsh
ips
L.48.1
Und
ersta
nd w
ords
or
signs
for o
bjects
, acti
ons,
and v
isible
attrib
utes f
ound
fre
quen
tly in
both
real
and
symb
olic c
ontex
ts
L.60.1
Und
ersta
nd an
incre
asing
va
riety
and s
pecifi
city o
f wor
ds
for ob
jects,
actio
ns, a
nd at
tribute
s en
coun
tered
in bo
th re
al an
d sy
mboli
c con
texts
L 24.2
Poin
t to fa
milia
r ob
jects,
peop
le, an
d bo
dy pa
rtsLa
ngua
ge
Comp
rehe
nsion
L.6.2
Orien
t to
the di
recti
on of
so
und o
r visu
al cu
es
L.12.2
Can
ca
rry ou
t sim
ple
requ
ests
(e.g.
, “w
ave b
ye-b
ye”)
L.18.2
Rem
embe
r lan
guag
e hea
rd
repe
atedly
in
storie
s, po
ems,
and i
ntera
ctive
lan
guag
e ex
perie
nces
L.24.3
Res
pond
to
ques
tions
and f
ollow
sim
ple di
recti
ons
L.36.2
Foll
ow tw
o-ste
p dire
ction
sL.4
8.2 U
nder
stand
inc
reas
ingly
comp
lex
sente
nces
that
includ
e 2 -
3 co
ncep
ts (e
.g., “
Put th
e blue
pa
per u
nder
the b
ox.”)
L.60.2
Und
ersta
nd in
creas
ingly
comp
lex se
ntenc
es th
at inc
lude 3
-4
conc
epts
(e.g.
, “Pl
ants
are l
iving
thi
ngs t
hat w
ill no
t sur
vive w
ithou
t so
il, su
nligh
t, and
wate
r.”)
L.6.3
Reac
t wh
en he
aring
ow
n nam
e or t
o po
sitive
facia
l ex
pres
sion
35PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
use l
angu
age (
expr
essiv
e lan
guag
e).
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Voca
bular
yL.6
.4 Us
e a
varie
ty of
facial
ex
pres
sions
an
d sou
nds
(e.g.
, coo
ing,
babb
ling,
and
varie
d crie
s) to
comm
unica
te
L.12.3
Beg
in to
use w
ord
appr
oxim
ation
s (e
.g., ”
ma-m
a”
or “d
a-da
”) or
co
nven
tiona
l ge
sture
s (e.g
., wa
ving,
signin
g “m
ore”
)
L.18.3
Beg
in to
use w
ords
or
conv
entio
nal
gestu
res t
o co
mmun
icate
L.24.4
Nam
e fam
iliar
objec
ts an
d acti
ons;
use c
omma
nds (
e.g.,
“no”
), po
sses
sives
(e
.g., “
mine
”) or
re
actio
ns (e
.g., “
ow”)
L.36.3
Use
noun
s an
d ver
bs to
labe
l ex
perie
nces
, ac
tions
, or e
vents
L.48.3
Use
acce
pted w
ords
for
objec
ts, ac
tions
, and
att
ribute
s enc
ounte
red
frequ
ently
in bo
th re
al an
d sy
mboli
c con
texts
L.60.3
Use
an in
creas
ing va
riety
and s
pecifi
city o
f acc
epted
wor
ds
for ob
jects,
actio
ns, a
nd at
tribute
s en
coun
tered
in bo
th re
al an
d sy
mboli
c con
texts
L.36.4
Use
some
pe
rsona
l pro
noun
s wh
en re
ferrin
g to
other
s (e.g
., “yo
u”,
“he”
, “sh
e”)
L.48.4
Use
simp
le pr
onou
ns
(e.g.
, I, m
e, yo
u, mi
ne, h
e, sh
e)
L.18.4
Has
a 20
+ wo
rd vo
cabu
lary
L.24.5
Use
new
word
s fre
quen
tly to
talk
abou
t fami
liar t
hings
or
activ
ities
L.36.5
May
oc
casio
nally
use
more
soph
istica
ted
word
s tha
n the
y typ
ically
use i
n co
nver
satio
nal
spee
ch bu
t that
have
been
lear
ned
throu
gh bo
oks
and p
erso
nal
expe
rienc
es (e
.g.,
large
, fas
t, an
gry,
car, r
un)
L.48.5
Beg
in to
use s
ome
word
s tha
t are
not a
part
of ev
eryd
ay co
nver
satio
nal
spee
ch bu
t that
are
learn
ed th
roug
h boo
ks an
d pe
rsona
l exp
erien
ces (
e.g.,
gigan
tic, r
apidl
y, fru
strat
ed,
trans
porta
tion,
race
or jo
g)
L.60.4
Use
mor
e com
plex w
ords
lea
rned
thro
ugh b
ooks
and
perso
nal e
xper
ience
s (e.g
., lab
el fav
orite
shirt
as ch
artre
use,
or
know
that
a pale
onto
logist
stud
ies
dinos
aurs)
Expr
essio
n of
Ideas
, Fee
lings
an
d Nee
ds
L.6.5
“Talk”
to
self a
nd ot
hers
using
vario
us
voca
lizati
ons
L.12.4
Co
mmun
icate
wants
and
need
s thr
ough
a c
ombin
ation
of
crying
, ba
bblin
g, an
d oc
casio
nal w
ord
appr
oxim
ation
s, an
d/or g
estur
es
L.18.5
Res
pond
to
ques
tions
wi
th so
unds
, so
metim
es
includ
ing w
ords
an
d ofte
ntime
s ge
sture
s
L.24.6
Use
wor
ds to
re
ques
t obje
cts, h
ave
need
s met,
or ga
in att
entio
n
L.36.6
Use
infl
ectio
n in p
hras
es
or se
ntenc
es to
ask
a que
stion
L.48.6
Com
munic
ate ab
out
curre
nt or
remo
ved e
vents
an
d/or o
bjects
L.60.5
Use
mor
e com
plex w
ords
to
desc
ribe t
he re
lation
ships
betw
een
objec
ts an
d ide
as (e
.g., p
ositio
n wo
rds s
uch a
s und
er or
besid
e and
co
mpar
ative
wor
ds su
ch as
bigg
er
or lo
nger
)
L.36.7
Com
ment
on a
varie
ty of
expe
rienc
es,
inter
actio
ns, o
r ob
serva
tions
L.48.7
Use
incre
asing
ly lon
ger, c
omple
x sen
tence
s tha
t com
bine p
hras
es or
co
ncep
ts to
comm
unica
te ide
as
36PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
use l
angu
age (
expr
essiv
e lan
guag
e) (c
ontin
ued)
.0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24-3
6 mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
sLa
ngua
ge
Stru
cture
L.18.6
Inc
reas
ingly
use g
estur
es
and s
ound
s in
coor
dinati
on to
co
mmun
icate
L.24.7
Com
bine
word
s and
spea
ks
in sh
ort, t
wo-w
ord
phra
ses s
uch a
s “me
up
!”
L.36.8
Use
basic
gram
mar
rules
inclu
ding p
rono
uns,
plura
ls, po
sses
sives
, and
re
gular
past
tense
Note:
Var
iation
s in a
pplyi
ng
gram
mar r
ules m
ay be
due t
o du
al lan
guag
e lea
rning
and/o
r alt
erna
tive g
ramm
ar us
age b
y the
ir fam
ily
L.48.8
Use
basic
gram
mar r
ules
includ
ing irr
egula
r pas
t tens
e and
qu
estio
ns
Note:
Var
iation
s in a
pplyi
ng
gram
mar r
ules m
ay be
due t
o du
al lan
guag
e lea
rning
and/o
r alt
erna
tive g
ramm
ar us
age b
y the
ir fam
ily
L.60.6
Use
basic
gr
amma
r rule
s inc
luding
su
bject-
verb
agre
emen
t, ten
ses,
regu
lar an
d irr
egula
r pas
t tens
e, irr
egula
r plur
als
Note:
Var
iation
s in
apply
ing gr
amma
r rule
s ma
y be d
ue to
dual
langu
age l
earn
ing an
d/or
alter
nativ
e gra
mmar
us
age b
y the
ir fam
ily
L.36.9
Use
spee
ch th
at is
mostl
y inte
lligibl
e to f
amilia
r ad
ults
L.48.9
Use
spee
ch th
at is
mostl
y inte
lligibl
e to f
amilia
r and
un
familia
r adu
lts
L.60.7
Use
an in
creas
ing
varie
ty an
d spe
cificit
y of
acce
pted w
ords
for
objec
ts, ac
tions
, and
att
ribute
s enc
ounte
red i
n bo
th re
al an
d sym
bolic
co
ntexts
Stra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
use l
angu
age f
or so
cial in
terac
tion.
Conv
entio
ns of
Co
nver
satio
n L.6
.6 Sh
ow
inter
est in
ba
ck an
d for
th pr
etend
game
s
L.12.5
Beg
in to
unde
rstan
d tha
t a c
onve
rsatio
n is
abou
t takin
g tur
ns
L.18
.7 Pa
y att
entio
n to
a spe
aker
by
paus
ing
phys
ical a
ctivit
y, sh
ifting
gaze
, or
lookin
g tow
ards
sp
eake
r
L.24.8
Take
turn
s in
conv
ersa
tions
by
initia
ting a
nd
susta
ining
a sim
ple
conv
ersa
tion o
ver t
wo
turns
L.36.1
0 Hav
e con
versa
tions
wi
th ad
ults a
nd pe
ers
that in
clude
four
or m
ore
exch
ange
s
L.48.1
0 Main
tain a
topic
of
conv
ersa
tion o
ver t
he co
urse
of
seve
ral tu
rns
L.60.8
Initia
te, m
aintai
n, an
d end
conv
ersa
tions
by
repe
ating
wha
t othe
r pe
rson s
ays a
nd/or
by
askin
g que
stion
s
L.18.8
Rep
eat
or tr
y ano
ther
mode
of
comm
unica
ting
desir
e if in
itial
attem
pts ar
e un
succ
essfu
l
37PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
use l
angu
age f
or so
cial in
terac
tion (
conti
nued
).0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24-3
6 mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
sLa
ngua
ge fo
r Int
erac
tion
L.6.7
Coo,
gurg
le, sm
ile
in re
spon
se to
sti
mulat
ion an
d to
initia
te so
cial
conta
ct
L.12.6
Enjo
y op
portu
nities
to
“conv
erse
” with
ad
ults i
n a m
ore
susta
ined f
ashio
n, inc
luding
play
ing
simple
imita
tion
game
s
L.18.9
Use
ge
sture
s and
/or
soun
ds to
inter
act
(e.g.
, wav
es,
shak
es he
ad no
, re
ache
s to b
e lifte
d up
)
L.24.9
Ans
wer a
ba
sic qu
estio
n wi
th a w
ord
L.36.1
1 Con
verse
with
ad
ults a
nd pe
ers a
bout
comm
on ex
perie
nces
or
even
ts
L.48.1
1 Ans
wer s
imple
who
, wha
t, wh
ere,
and w
hy qu
estio
nsL.6
0.9 U
se la
ngua
ge
to sh
are i
dea a
nd ga
in inf
orma
tion
L.6.8
Expr
ess
pleas
ure a
s ad
ults i
mitat
e the
face
s and
so
unds
they
ma
ke
L.12.7
Inten
tiona
lly
use g
estur
es an
d/or
voca
lizati
ons
to re
gulat
e the
be
havio
r of o
thers
and e
ngag
e in
socia
l inter
actio
n
L.24.1
0 Use
lan
guag
e to
expr
ess w
ants,
ne
eds,
likes
, and
dis
likes
to ot
hers
Stra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
gain
book
appr
eciat
ion an
d kno
wled
ge.
Inter
est a
nd
Enga
geme
nt wi
th Bo
oks
L.6.9
Resp
ond
to mu
sic,
storie
s, an
d pic
tures
shar
ed
with
an ad
ult
L.12.8
Eng
age
with
adult
s, sh
owing
shar
ed
atten
tion t
o a
book
L.18.1
0 Poin
t to
prefe
rred p
ictur
es in
bo
oks o
r tex
ts L.2
4.12 C
hime i
n on
nurse
ry rh
ymes
or
repe
at wo
rds o
r ph
rase
s fro
m fam
iliar
storie
s
L.24.1
1 Poin
t to
name
d pict
ures
; ma
y nam
e or
comm
ent o
n fam
iliar p
ictur
es
L.36.1
2 Sus
tain a
ttenti
on fo
r sh
ort p
eriod
s of ti
me w
hile
being
told
a stor
y or r
ead a
fav
orite
pictu
re bo
ok
L.48.1
2 Sele
ct fic
tion a
nd no
n-fic
tion b
ooks
to be
read
and a
ttend
wi
th int
eres
t
L.60.1
0 Ind
epen
dentl
y ch
oose
to ‘re
ad’ b
ooks
an
d sele
ct a v
ariet
y of
texts,
inclu
ding fi
ction
an
d non
fictio
nL.3
6.13 R
ecite
fami
liar
phra
ses o
f son
gs, b
ooks
, an
d rhy
mes;
may c
hime i
n wi
th rh
yme i
n fam
iliar t
ext
or so
ng
38PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
gain
book
appr
eciat
ion an
d kno
wled
ge (c
ontin
ued)
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Unde
rstan
ding
of St
ories
or
Infor
matio
n St
ories
or
infor
matio
n ma
y be s
hare
d thr
ough
oral
storyt
elling
, sh
aring
of
pictur
es an
d/or
book
s
L.24.1
3 Ans
wer
simple
spec
ific
ques
tions
abou
t fam
iliar s
tories
(e
.g., “
Wha
t doe
s the
cat s
ay?”
) Ask
ba
sic qu
estio
ns
abou
t pict
ures
(e.g.
, “W
ho is
that?
”)
L.36.1
4 Enjo
y tell
ing
and r
etellin
g stor
ies an
d inf
orma
tion
L.48
.13 D
emon
strate
co
mpre
hens
ion th
roug
h re
tellin
g with
use o
f pic
tures
and p
rops
, acti
ng
out m
ain ev
ents,
or sh
aring
inf
orma
tion l
earn
ed fr
om
nonfi
ction
text
L.60.1
1 With
prom
pting
and s
uppo
rt,
retel
l fami
liar s
tories
, inclu
ding s
tory
eleme
nts (e
.g., s
etting
, cha
racte
rs,
even
ts) an
d/or s
hare
s key
detai
ls fro
m inf
orma
tiona
l text
L.48.1
4 Ask
and a
nswe
r sim
ple w
ho, w
hat, w
here
, an
d why
ques
tions
relat
ed
to sto
ry or
text
L.60.1
2 Ask
and a
nswe
r who
, wha
t, wh
ere,
and w
hy qu
estio
ns re
lated
to
story
or te
xt
L.60.1
3 Use
conn
ectio
ns be
twee
n se
lf and
char
acter
, exp
erien
ce, a
nd
emoti
ons t
o inc
reas
e com
preh
ensio
n
Stra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
gain
know
ledge
of pr
int an
d its
uses
.
Book
Con
cepts
L.24.1
4 Hold
book
up
right
L.36.1
5 Tur
n pag
es of
a b
ook
L.48.1
5 Loo
k at p
ages
of
a boo
k fro
m lef
t to rig
ht (o
r ac
cord
ing to
conv
entio
ns of
ho
me la
ngua
ge)
L.60.1
4 Kno
w ho
w pr
int is
read
(e.g.
, lef
t to rig
ht, to
p to b
ottom
, fron
t to
back
or ac
cord
ing to
conv
entio
n of
home
lang
uage
)
L.48.1
6 Rec
ogniz
e tha
t pr
int re
pres
ents
spok
en
word
s (e.g
., first
name
in
, env
ironm
ental
labe
ls)
L.60.1
5 Kno
w tha
t boo
ks ha
ve tit
les,
autho
rs, ill
ustra
tors,
or ph
otogr
aphe
rs
L.60.1
6 Rec
ogniz
e wor
ds as
a un
it of
and t
hat le
tters
are g
roup
ed to
for
m wo
rds
Con
cepts
L.36.1
6 Rec
ogniz
e som
e fam
iliar s
igns a
nd sy
m-bo
ls in
the en
viron
ment
(e.g.
, logo
s, sig
ns fo
r fam
iliar s
tore)
L.48.1
7 Ide
ntify
some
pr
inted
wor
ds an
d/or
comm
on sy
mbols
(e.g.
, ba
throo
m sig
ns) in
the
conte
xt of
the en
viron
ment
L.60.1
7 Ide
ntify
some
fami
liar p
rinted
wo
rds o
ut of
conte
xt
L.60.1
8 Beg
in to
use a
ware
ness
of
letter
soun
ds al
ong w
ith pi
cture
s to
read
wor
ds in
text
39PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
gain
know
ledge
of pr
int an
d its
uses
(con
tinue
d).
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Lette
r Re
cogn
ition
L.48.1
8 Rec
ogniz
e som
e let
ters e
spec
ially
those
in
one’s
own n
ame
L.60.1
9 Rec
ogniz
e and
name
know
n let
ters o
f the a
lphab
et in
familia
r and
un
familia
r wor
ds
L.60.2
0 Mak
e som
e lett
er-so
und
conn
ectio
ns
Stra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
deve
lop ph
onolo
gical
awar
enes
s.
Phon
ologic
al Aw
aren
ess
L.36.1
7 Rec
ogniz
e env
i-ro
nmen
tal so
unds
(e.g.
, an
imal
or ve
hicle
soun
ds
such
as “B
aa-b
aa” o
r “B
eep-
beep
”)
L.48.1
9 Rec
ogniz
e rhy
ming
wo
rds i
n son
gs, c
hants
, or
poem
s
L.60.2
1 Pro
duce
rhym
ing w
ords
or
word
s tha
t hav
e sam
e init
ial so
und
L.48.2
0 Ide
ntify
when
initia
l so
unds
in w
ords
are t
he
same
L.60.2
2 Rec
ogniz
e whic
h wor
ds in
a s
et of
word
s beg
in wi
th the
same
so
und
L. 48
.21 D
isting
uish
indivi
dual
word
s in a
se
ntenc
e
L.60.2
3 Dist
inguis
h syll
ables
in w
ords
Stra
nd: E
arly
learn
ing ex
perie
nces
will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
conv
ey m
eanin
g thr
ough
draw
ing, le
tters
and w
ords
.
Draw
ing an
d W
riting
L.18.1
1 Use
wr
iting t
ools
to ma
ke sc
ribble
s
L.24.1
5 Use
writi
ng
tools
to ma
ke
scrib
bles
L.36.1
8 Dra
w sim
ple
shap
es to
repr
esen
t ide
as an
d write
mes
sage
us
ing co
ntroll
ed lin
ear
scrib
ble
L.48.2
2 Dra
w or
“write
” to
conv
ey an
idea
, eve
nt, or
sto
ry. “W
riting
” invo
lves
scrib
bles,
letter
s, an
d/or
letter
-like s
hape
s (e.g
., ma
ke pr
etend
list, o
r use
the
ir wor
ds to
dicta
te a
mess
age t
o com
munic
ate
with
other
s)
L.60.2
4 Dra
w or
igina
l stor
ies w
ith a
begin
ning,
midd
le, an
d end
L.48.2
3 Writi
ng is
disti
nct
from
draw
ing; c
ombin
e sc
ribble
s with
lette
r-like
for
ms
L.60.2
5 Use
early
deve
lopme
ntal
spell
ing; m
ay us
e one
lette
r for
the
initia
l or fi
nal s
ound
to re
pres
ent
whole
wor
d
40PROOFLear
ning
P
rogr
essi
onC
reat
ive
Art
s0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12- 1
8 Mon
ths18
-24 M
onths
24 to
36 M
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indic
ator
sTh
is is
evide
nt, f
or
exam
ple, w
hen
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
child
ren
to e
ngag
e in
and
enj
oy th
e ar
ts.
Music
CA.6.
1 Rea
ct to
music
by tu
rning
to
a sou
nd
sour
ce, c
ooing
in
resp
onse
, wigg
ling
or m
oving
, so
othing
one ’
s se
lf, etc
.
CA.12
.1 Sh
ow
inter
est in
sing
ing,
movin
g, an
d da
ncing
, usin
g the
ir bod
y
CA.18
.1 Us
e ins
trume
nts to
explo
re
rhyth
m an
d melo
dy
CA.24
.1 Re
act to
ch
ange
s in m
usic
by
joinin
g in w
ith m
ore
exten
ded s
egme
nts
of fam
iliar m
usic
using
voice
, phy
sical
gestu
res a
nd/or
ins
trume
nts
CA.36
.1 Sh
ow re
spon
se
to qu
alitie
s of d
iffere
nt mu
sic w
ith va
riatio
ns in
ph
ysica
l mov
emen
t (e.g
., ch
ildre
n walk
, bou
nce,
slide
, roc
k, sw
ay in
re
spon
se to
quali
ties o
f rh
ythm)
CA.48
.1 Ad
apt to
chan
ges
in the
basic
quali
ties o
f mu
sic an
d mov
e in m
ore
orga
nized
way
s to s
ame/
differ
ent q
ualiti
es of
mus
ic
CA.60
.1 Ini
tiate
new
music
al ac
tivitie
s with
voice
s/ins
trume
nts (e
.g., a
pply
new
word
s, ad
d ins
trume
nts to
fam
iliar s
ong)
CA.12
.2 Mo
ve
body
(e.g.
, nod
he
ad, b
ounc
e, wi
ggle,
rock
) in
resp
onse
to
quali
ties o
f mu
sic w
hethe
r me
lody,
volum
e, or
rhyth
m is
same
or
diffe
rent
(fast/
slow;
low/
high;
calm
/ jazz
y)
CA.18
.2 Re
spon
d to
music
by jo
ining
in
on on
e or t
wo w
ords
in
a son
g or m
oving
ph
ysica
lly (e
.g., h
and
gestu
res)
upon
hear
ing
a fam
iliar m
elody
or
rhyth
m
CA.24
.2 Ini
tiate
word
s to s
ongs
and
song
gestu
res (
e.g.,
nami
ng an
imals
in
a son
g or p
atting
, no
dding
)
CA. 3
6.2 R
espo
nd
with
voice
, bod
y and
/or
instr
umen
ts to
longe
r se
gmen
ts/or
patte
rns o
f mu
sic)
CA.48
.2 Im
itate
or
spon
taneo
usly
sing a
n en
tire ve
rse of
song
CA.60
.2 Inv
ent o
wn m
usic
(e.g.
, thro
ugh h
ummi
ng,
singin
g, cre
ating
rhyth
ms,
etc.)
CA.48
.3 Ini
tiate
new
music
al ac
tivitie
s with
vo
ices o
r instr
umen
ts (e
.g., a
pply
word
s, ini
tiate
their o
wn lis
tening
and
move
ment
expe
rienc
es
with
some
adult
as
sistan
ce)
CA.60
.3 Pl
ay w
ith fa
milia
r rh
ythms
and p
atter
ns in
a no
vel w
ay (e
.g., e
xplor
e, an
d init
iate p
itch (
high/
low),
rhyth
m (p
atter
ns),
and
dyna
mics
(loud
/ soft
)
CA.12
.3 Us
e mus
ical
soun
ds to
aid i
n co
mmun
icatio
n pr
ior to
the a
dven
t of
langu
age (
e.g.,
babb
les in
a sin
g-so
ng m
anne
r)
CA.18
.3 Im
itate
parts
of
song
s with
wor
ds an
d/or
gestu
res
CA.24
.3 Re
peat
word
s to s
ongs
, and
/or
song
gestu
res
and/o
r sou
nds
(pitc
hes)
CA.36
.3 Re
peat
parts
of
simple
song
s CA
.48.4
Spon
taneo
usly
sing s
ongs
and/o
r son
gs
with
gestu
res
CA.60
.4 Cr
eate
music
using
the
ir voic
es an
d/or a
varie
ty of
instru
ments
and m
ateria
ls
41PROOFLear
ning
P
rogr
essi
onC
reat
ive
Art
s0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12- 1
8 Mon
ths18
-24 M
onths
24 to
36 M
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indic
ator
sTh
is is
evide
nt, f
or
exam
ple, w
hen
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
child
ren
to e
ngag
e in
and
enj
oy th
e ar
ts.
Music
CA.6.
1 Rea
ct to
music
by tu
rning
to
a sou
nd
sour
ce, c
ooing
in
resp
onse
, wigg
ling
or m
oving
, so
othing
one ’
s se
lf, etc
.
CA.12
.1 Sh
ow
inter
est in
sing
ing,
movin
g, an
d da
ncing
, usin
g the
ir bod
y
CA.18
.1 Us
e ins
trume
nts to
explo
re
rhyth
m an
d melo
dy
CA.24
.1 Re
act to
ch
ange
s in m
usic
by
joinin
g in w
ith m
ore
exten
ded s
egme
nts
of fam
iliar m
usic
using
voice
, phy
sical
gestu
res a
nd/or
ins
trume
nts
CA.36
.1 Sh
ow re
spon
se
to qu
alitie
s of d
iffere
nt mu
sic w
ith va
riatio
ns in
ph
ysica
l mov
emen
t (e.g
., ch
ildre
n walk
, bou
nce,
slide
, roc
k, sw
ay in
re
spon
se to
quali
ties o
f rh
ythm)
CA.48
.1 Ad
apt to
chan
ges
in the
basic
quali
ties o
f mu
sic an
d mov
e in m
ore
orga
nized
way
s to s
ame/
differ
ent q
ualiti
es of
mus
ic
CA.60
.1 Ini
tiate
new
music
al ac
tivitie
s with
voice
s/ins
trume
nts (e
.g., a
pply
new
word
s, ad
d ins
trume
nts to
fam
iliar s
ong)
CA.12
.2 Mo
ve
body
(e.g.
, nod
he
ad, b
ounc
e, wi
ggle,
rock
) in
resp
onse
to
quali
ties o
f mu
sic w
hethe
r me
lody,
volum
e, or
rhyth
m is
same
or
diffe
rent
(fast/
slow;
low/
high;
calm
/ jazz
y)
CA.18
.2 Re
spon
d to
music
by jo
ining
in
on on
e or t
wo w
ords
in
a son
g or m
oving
ph
ysica
lly (e
.g., h
and
gestu
res)
upon
hear
ing
a fam
iliar m
elody
or
rhyth
m
CA.24
.2 Ini
tiate
word
s to s
ongs
and
song
gestu
res (
e.g.,
nami
ng an
imals
in
a son
g or p
atting
, no
dding
)
CA. 3
6.2 R
espo
nd
with
voice
, bod
y and
/or
instr
umen
ts to
longe
r se
gmen
ts/or
patte
rns o
f mu
sic)
CA.48
.2 Im
itate
or
spon
taneo
usly
sing a
n en
tire ve
rse of
song
CA.60
.2 Inv
ent o
wn m
usic
(e.g.
, thro
ugh h
ummi
ng,
singin
g, cre
ating
rhyth
ms,
etc.)
CA.48
.3 Ini
tiate
new
music
al ac
tivitie
s with
vo
ices o
r instr
umen
ts (e
.g., a
pply
word
s, ini
tiate
their o
wn lis
tening
and
move
ment
expe
rienc
es
with
some
adult
as
sistan
ce)
CA.60
.3 Pl
ay w
ith fa
milia
r rh
ythms
and p
atter
ns in
a no
vel w
ay (e
.g., e
xplor
e, an
d init
iate p
itch (
high/
low),
rhyth
m (p
atter
ns),
and
dyna
mics
(loud
/ soft
)
CA.12
.3 Us
e mus
ical
soun
ds to
aid i
n co
mmun
icatio
n pr
ior to
the a
dven
t of
langu
age (
e.g.,
babb
les in
a sin
g-so
ng m
anne
r)
CA.18
.3 Im
itate
parts
of
song
s with
wor
ds an
d/or
gestu
res
CA.24
.3 Re
peat
word
s to s
ongs
, and
/or
song
gestu
res
and/o
r sou
nds
(pitc
hes)
CA.36
.3 Re
peat
parts
of
simple
song
s CA
.48.4
Spon
taneo
usly
sing s
ongs
and/o
r son
gs
with
gestu
res
CA.60
.4 Cr
eate
music
using
the
ir voic
es an
d/or a
varie
ty of
instru
ments
and m
ateria
ls
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
child
ren
to e
ngag
e in
and
enj
oy th
e ar
ts (c
ontin
ued)
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
- 18 M
onths
18-2
4 Mon
ths24
to 36
Mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
s
Visu
al Ar
tsCA
.6.2 R
eact
to sti
mulat
ion in
the
envir
onme
nt.
This
can
includ
e dra
wing
, sc
ulptur
es,
or pa
inting
. Re
spon
se m
ay be
sli
ght s
uch a
s a
glanc
e or s
toppin
g an
activ
ity
CA.12
.4 Re
spon
d an
d exp
lore
throu
gh se
nsor
y ex
perie
nces
such
as
wate
r play
, tex
ture b
ooks
or
toys,
and j
umbo
cra
yons
CA.18
.4 Ex
perim
ent
with
a var
iety o
f med
ia,
includ
ing pa
inting
with
a p
aint b
rush
, fing
er
paint
ing, s
cribb
ling,
gluing
and t
aping
, age
ap
prop
riate
art s
oftwa
re
CA.24
.4 Us
e a
wide
varie
ty of
art m
ateria
ls an
d me
dia (e
.g., c
lay,
doug
h, we
t san
d) fo
r pu
rpos
eful s
enso
ry ex
plora
tion
CA.36
.4 Cr
eate
art in
a v
ariet
y of m
edia
with
some
contr
ol an
d own
pu
rpos
e
CA.48
.5 Us
e diffe
rent
mater
ials a
nd te
chniq
ues
to ma
ke ar
t cre
ation
s tha
t re
flect
thoug
hts, fe
eling
s, ex
perie
nces
, kno
wled
ge
CA.60
.5 Us
e a va
riety
of too
ls an
d mate
rials
to re
pres
ent id
eas t
hrou
gh
the vi
sual
arts
CA.24
.5 Ex
perim
ent
with
strok
es an
d lin
es us
ing br
ushe
s, cra
yons
, mar
kers,
etc
. Dr
ama
CA.24
.6 Im
itate
simple
aspe
cts of
a ro
le us
ing re
alisti
c pr
ops a
nd so
unds
CA.36
.5 En
gage
in
simple
prete
nd pl
ay
activ
ities
CA.48
.6 Ac
t out
simple
sc
enar
ios, ta
king o
n a f
amilia
r role
for b
rief
perio
ds du
ring d
rama
tic
play
CA.60
.6 As
sume
elab
orate
ro
les in
dram
atic p
lay
situa
tions
(e.g.
, may
play
mu
ltiple
roles
or m
ay st
ay
in ch
arac
ter fo
r exte
nded
pe
riods
of tim
e)
CA.60
.7 Us
e mate
rials
and
prop
s in u
nique
way
s and
ar
e cre
ative
in fin
ding a
nd
using
mate
rials
as pr
ops
desir
ed fo
r dra
matic
play
Danc
eCA
.12.5
Resp
ond
to mu
sic w
ith fu
ll bo
dy m
ovem
ents
CA.18
.5 Sh
ow
incre
asing
body
aw
aren
ess t
hrou
gh
gros
s moto
r mov
emen
t (e
.g., w
alking
, bo
uncin
g, sw
aying
, ro
cking
, clim
bing)
and
bilate
ral m
ovem
ent
(patt
ing),
show
dir
ectio
nal a
ware
ness
in
move
ments
, and
us
e non
-loco
motor
mo
veme
nts (s
imple
fin
ger p
lays)
CA.24
.7 De
mons
trate
deve
loping
abilit
y to
balan
ce, a
ware
ness
of
body
(e.g.
, nam
e bo
dy pa
rts, m
ove
distin
ct bo
dy pa
rts)
CA.36
.6 De
mons
trate
direc
tiona
l and
spati
al aw
aren
ess i
nvolv
ing
time (
fast/s
low),
spac
e (h
igh, m
iddle,
low)
, or
ener
gy (h
ard/s
oft) (
e.g.,
movin
g like
a tur
tle,
jumpin
g like
a fro
g, flo
ating
like a
feath
er,
etc.)
CA.48
.7 De
mons
trate
incre
asing
ly co
mplex
da
nce c
once
pts w
hile
learn
ing to
mov
e the
ir bo
dy in
plac
e and
thro
ugh
spac
e (e.g
., jum
ping f
rom
one p
lace t
o ano
ther,
comb
ining
seve
ral
move
ments
-hop
s, tur
n, sta
mp fe
et)
CA.60
.8 Us
e mult
iple
danc
e con
cepts
as a
way
to co
mmun
icate
mean
ing,
ideas
and f
eelin
gs
(e.g.
, use
mov
emen
t to
repr
esen
t leav
es fa
lling o
ff tre
es –s
way a
rms,
wigg
le fin
gers,
stre
tch, fa
ll to
grou
nd)
CA.24
.8 Mo
ve
creati
vely
while
lis
tening
to m
usic
(e.g.
, stam
p fee
t, wa
ve ar
ms, s
way).
42PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
child
ren
to e
xplo
re a
nd re
spon
d to
cre
ativ
e w
orks
.
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
- 18 M
onths
18-2
4 Mon
ths24
to 36
Mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
s
Appr
eciat
ion of
the
Arts
CA.36
.7 De
scrib
e or a
sk
ques
tions
abou
t a w
ork
of ar
t
CA.48
.8 Re
spon
d to t
he
mater
ials,
techn
iques
, ide
as an
d emo
tions
of
artw
orks
(2-d
& 3-
D(e.g
. ex
plain
a pict
ure o
r sc
ulptur
e inc
luding
se
vera
l deta
ils)
CA.60
.9 De
scrib
e the
att
ribute
s of v
ariou
s arts
me
dia (e
.g., u
sed a
lot
of co
lors a
nd th
e pain
t is
thick
, scu
lptur
e is b
umpy
)
CA.36
.8 Ex
pres
s inte
rest
in an
d sho
w ap
prec
iation
for
the c
reati
ve w
ork o
f oth
ers (
e.g., t
hrou
gh
body
lang
uage
, facia
l ex
pres
sion,
or or
al lan
guag
e)
CA.48
.9 De
mons
trate
incre
ased
appr
eciat
ion
of the
wor
k of o
thers
and
identi
fy pr
efere
nces
43PROOFLear
ning
Prog
ress
ionEa
rly M
athe
mat
ical
Dis
cove
ryM
athe
mat
ics
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, wh
en
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, wh
en
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, fo
r exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
coun
ting
and
card
inal
ity.
Numb
er
Name
sM.
18.1
Say
or si
gn a
few
numb
er na
mes,
but m
ay no
t ne
cess
arily
re
cite t
hem
in the
co
rrect
orde
r
M.24
.1 Sa
y or
sign
a few
nu
mber
name
s, wi
th be
ginnin
g ev
idenc
e of c
orre
ct se
quen
ce (e
.g.,
starts
with
“one
”)
M.36
.1 Sa
y or s
ign
numb
er se
quen
ce up
to
at lea
st fiv
e. Us
e othe
r nu
mber
name
s but
not
nece
ssar
ily in
the c
orre
ct or
der
M.48
.1 Sa
y or s
ign th
e num
ber
sequ
ence
up to
at le
ast 1
0
M.60
.1 Sa
y and
sign
the n
umbe
r se
quen
ce up
to at
leas
t 20
Card
inality
M.18
.2 De
mons
trate
one-
to-on
e or
one-
to-ma
ny
corre
spon
denc
e (e
.g., m
ay
fill ea
ch
comp
artm
ent in
a e
gg ca
rton w
ith
one o
r sev
eral
objec
ts)
M.24
.2 Pu
t obje
cts
in on
e-to-
one
corre
spon
denc
e (e
.g., p
uts on
e ite
m in
each
co
mpar
tmen
t)
M.36
.2 Co
unt tw
o to
three
objec
ts us
ing on
e-to-
one c
orre
spon
denc
e
M.48
.2 Co
unt u
p to a
t leas
t fiv
e obje
cts us
ing on
e-to-
one
corre
spon
denc
e, us
ing th
e num
ber
name
of th
e las
t obje
ct co
unted
to
repr
esen
t the t
otal n
umbe
r of
objec
ts in
a set
M.60
.2 Co
unt u
p to 1
0 obje
cts
using
one-
to-on
e cor
resp
onde
nce,
rega
rdles
s of c
onfig
urati
on, u
sing
the nu
mber
name
of th
e las
t obje
ct co
unted
to re
pres
ent th
e tota
l num
ber
of ob
jects
in a s
et
M.48
.3 Co
unt o
ut a s
et of
objec
ts up
to 4
M.60
.3 Co
unt o
ut a s
et of
objec
ts up
to
5
Writt
en
Nume
rals
M.48
.4 Re
cogn
ize w
ritten
nume
rals
up to
at le
ast fi
veM.
60.4
Reco
gnize
writt
en nu
mera
ls up
to at
leas
t 10
44PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
coun
ting
and
card
inal
ity (c
ontin
ued)
.0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24-3
6 mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
sRe
cogn
ition
of Qu
antity
M.24
.3 Na
me
grou
ps of
one t
o tw
o obje
cts
M.36
.3 Na
me an
d matc
h a s
mall c
ollec
tion o
f up t
o thr
ee ob
jects
M.48
.5 Re
cogn
ize an
d nam
e, wi
thout
coun
ting,
the nu
mber
of
objec
ts in
small
grou
ps of
at le
ast 3
or
4 ob
jects
M.60
.5 Qu
ickly
reco
gnize
and n
ame,
witho
ut co
untin
g, the
numb
er of
objec
ts in
colle
ction
s of u
p to a
t leas
t five
items
Comp
ariso
nM.
24.4
Comp
are
colle
ction
s tha
t ar
e quit
e diffe
rent
in siz
e
M.36
.4 Co
mpar
e co
llecti
ons o
f 1-4
simi
lar
items
verb
ally o
r non
-ve
rball
y
M.48
.6 Co
mpar
e sets
of 1-
5 ob
jects
using
a vis
ual m
atchin
g or
coun
ting s
trateg
y and
desc
ribing
the
comp
ariso
n as m
ore,
less t
han,
or
the sa
me
M.60
.6 Co
mpar
e sets
of up
to 10
ob
jects
using
a vis
ual m
atchin
g or
coun
ting s
trateg
y and
desc
ribing
the
comp
ariso
n as m
ore,
less t
han,
or th
e sa
me
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
and
desc
ribe
rela
tions
hips
to s
olve
pro
blem
s (o
pera
tions
and
alg
ebra
ic
thin
king
.)Nu
mber
Op
erati
ons
M.36
.5 Us
e som
e vo
cabu
lary r
elated
to
relat
ive qu
antity
(e.g.
, “m
ore”
, “les
s”)
M.48
.7 Un
derst
and t
hat a
dding
to
(or t
aking
away
) one
or m
ore
objec
ts fro
m a g
roup
will
incre
ase o
r de
creas
e the
objec
ts in
the gr
oup
M.60
.7 Us
e rea
l-wor
ld sit
uatio
ns
and c
oncre
te ob
jects
to mo
del a
nd
solve
addit
ion (e
.g., p
utting
toge
ther)
and s
ubtra
ction
(e.g.
, takin
g awa
y) pr
oblem
s up t
hrou
gh 5
M.60
.8 Re
cogn
ize an
d des
cribe
pa
rts co
ntaine
d in l
arge
r num
bers
by
comp
osing
numb
er co
mbina
tions
up to
at
least
five (
e.g., r
ecog
nize h
ow m
any
have
been
secre
tly ta
ken a
way f
rom
a gr
oup o
f five
objec
ts)
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
the
attr
ibut
es a
nd re
lativ
e pr
oper
ties
of o
bjec
ts (m
easu
rem
ent a
nd d
ata)
.
See A
ttribu
tes, S
ortin
g and
Patt
erns
stra
nd in
Cog
nition
Meas
urem
ent
M.24
.5 Us
e so
me vo
cabu
lary
relat
ed to
size
an
d qua
ntity
(e.g.
, sa
y som
ething
is
“big”
or re
ques
t “m
ore”
)
M.36
.6 Ha
ve an
inc
reas
ing vo
cabu
lary
relat
ed to
numb
er, si
ze
and q
uanti
ty (e
.g., u
se
word
s suc
h as “
tall”,
“long
”)
M.48
.8 Re
cogn
ize m
easu
rable
att
ribute
of an
objec
t suc
h as l
ength
, we
ight o
r cap
acity
M.60
.9 Co
mpar
e the
mea
sura
ble
attrib
utes o
f two o
r mor
e obje
cts
(e.g.
, leng
th, w
eight
and c
apac
ity)
and d
escri
be th
e com
paris
on us
ing
appr
opria
te vo
cabu
lary (
e.g., l
onge
r, sh
orter
, sam
e len
gth, h
eavie
r, ligh
ter,
same
weig
ht, ho
lds m
ore,
holds
less
, ho
lds th
e sam
e amo
unt)
M.60
.10 B
egin
to us
e stra
tegies
to
deter
mine
mea
sura
ble at
tribute
s (e.g
., len
gth or
capa
city o
f obje
cts);
may u
se
comp
ariso
n, sta
ndar
d or n
on-st
anda
rd
meas
urem
ent to
ols
45PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
the
attr
ibut
es a
nd re
lativ
e pr
oper
ties
of o
bjec
ts (c
ontin
ued)
.0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24-3
6 mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
sDa
taM.
48.9
Sort
objec
ts int
o two
grou
ps,
coun
ts, an
d com
pare
the q
uanti
ty of
the gr
oups
form
ed (e
.g., in
dicate
s wh
ich is
mor
e)
M. 60
.11 R
epre
sent
data
using
a co
ncre
te ob
ject o
r pict
ure g
raph
ac
cord
ing to
one a
ttribu
te
Sortin
g and
Cl
assif
ying
M.18
.3 Ma
tch
objec
ts tha
t ar
e the
same
M.24
.6 So
rt ob
jects
using
inc
onsis
tent
strate
gies (
e.g.,
favor
ite ite
ms,
color
s)
M.36
.7 So
rt on
the b
asis
of on
e attr
ibute
with
adult
su
ppor
t
M.48
.10 S
ort a
nd cl
assif
y obje
cts
by on
e attr
ibute
into t
wo or
mor
e gr
oups
(e.g.
, colo
r, size
, sha
pe)
M.60
.12 S
ort a
nd cl
assif
y a se
t of
objec
ts on
the b
asis
of on
e attr
ibute
indep
ende
ntly a
nd de
scrib
e the
sortin
g ru
le; ca
n re-
sort
and c
lassif
y the
same
se
t of o
bjects
base
d on a
diffe
rent
attrib
ute
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
shap
es a
nd s
patia
l rel
atio
nshi
ps (g
eom
etry
and
spa
tial s
ense
).Sp
atial
Relat
ionsh
ipsM.
18.4
Adjus
t the
ir rea
ch
and g
rasp
ba
sed u
pon
distan
ce, s
ize
and w
eight
of an
objec
t
M.24
.7 Sh
ow
begin
ning
unde
rstan
ding
of po
sition
al vo
cabu
lary (
e.g.,
up/do
wn, in
/out,
on/of
f, und
er)
M.36
.8 Fin
d obje
cts or
loc
ation
s bas
ed up
on
landm
arks
and p
ositio
n wo
rds (
e.g., “
Your
bla
nket
is on
the c
ouch
”)
M.48
.11 U
se po
sition
al vo
cabu
lary
(e.g.
, up/d
own,
in/ou
t, on/o
ff, un
der)
to ide
ntify
and d
escri
be th
e loc
ation
of
an ob
ject
M.60
.13 U
se re
lation
al vo
cabu
lary
of pr
oxim
ity (e
.g., b
eside
, nex
t to,
betw
een,
abov
e, be
low, o
ver a
nd
unde
r) to
identi
fy an
d des
cribe
the
locati
on of
an ob
ject
Identi
ficati
on
of Sh
apes
M.24
.8 Ma
tch
familia
r sha
pes
(e.g.
, circ
le,
squa
re an
d typ
ical tr
iangle
) wi
th sa
me si
ze
and o
rienta
tion
M.36
.9 Ma
tch fa
milia
r sh
apes
with
diffe
rent
size
and o
rienta
tion
M.48
.12 Id
entify
2-dim
ensio
nal
shap
es (s
tartin
g with
fami
liar s
hape
s su
ch as
circl
e and
trian
gle) in
dif
feren
t orie
ntatio
ns an
d size
s
M.60
.14 Id
entify
and d
escri
be a
varie
ty of
2-dim
ensio
nal a
nd 3-
dimen
siona
l sh
apes
with
math
emati
cal n
ames
(e.g.
, ba
ll/sph
ere,
box/r
ectan
gular
prism
, ca
n/cyli
nder
) reg
ardle
ss of
orien
tation
an
d size
Comp
ositio
n of
Shap
esM.
48.13
Com
bine t
wo or
mor
e sh
apes
to cr
eate
a new
shap
e or
to re
pres
ent a
n obje
ct in
the
envir
onme
nt
M.60
.15 C
omple
te a s
hape
puzz
le or
a ne
w fig
ure b
y putt
ing m
ultipl
e sha
pes
togeth
er w
ith pu
rpos
e
46PROOFLear
ning
Prog
ress
ionEa
rly S
cien
tific
Inqu
irySc
ienc
e
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
to 36
mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
sInd
icator
s Th
is is
evide
nt,
for e
xam
ple,
when
child
ren:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, fo
r exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, fo
r exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
app
ly s
cien
tific
prac
tices
.Qu
estio
ning
and D
efinin
g Pr
oblem
s
See C
urios
ity an
d Init
iative
lear
ning
prog
ress
ion in
Cog
nition
S.24
.1 Ob
serve
an
d mak
e co
mmen
ts on
thi
ngs o
bser
ved
throu
gh th
e se
nses
S.36
.1 As
k sim
ple qu
estio
ns re
lated
to
thing
s obs
erve
d thr
ough
the
sens
es (
“wha
t” an
d “wh
y”)
S.48
.1 As
k mor
e deta
iled
ques
tions
inclu
ding t
he
relat
ionsh
ip be
twee
n two
thing
s or
caus
e and
affec
t rela
tions
hips
S.60
.1 De
fine a
prob
lem to
be so
lved,
includ
ing de
tails
and l
imita
tions
to be
co
nside
red (
e.g., “
we ne
ed to
figur
e ou
t how
to re
ach t
hat s
helf,
but w
e ar
en’t a
llowe
d to s
tand o
n the
chair
s)
Inves
tigati
ngSe
e Cau
se an
d Affe
ct lea
rning
prog
ress
ion in
Cog
nition
S.36
.2 Ma
nipula
te ma
terial
s and
co
mmen
t on t
he im
pact
of ow
n ac
tions
S.48
.2 Int
entio
nally
vary
actio
ns
in or
der t
o obs
erve
the e
ffect
of the
se ac
tions
on m
ateria
ls
S.60
.2 En
gage
in co
llabo
rativ
e inv
estig
ation
s to d
escri
be ph
enom
ena
or to
explo
re ca
use a
nd af
fect
relat
ionsh
ipsS.
60.3
Gathe
r data
by dr
awing
, co
untin
g or o
therw
ise do
cume
nting
ob
serva
tions
Using
ev
idenc
eSe
e Per
sona
l Pre
feren
ces l
earn
ing pr
ogre
ssion
in S
ocial
and
Emoti
onal
Deve
lopme
ntS.
36.3
Prov
ide pe
rsona
l reas
ons o
r ev
idenc
e for
decis
ions o
r opin
ions
(e.g.
, “I m
ade t
his pi
cture
gree
n be
caus
e my m
om lik
es gr
een”
)
S.48
.3 Ci
te ex
ample
s to s
uppo
rt the
ir ide
as (e
.g., “
I think
the p
lant
will d
ie be
caus
e whe
n I fo
rgot
to wa
ter m
y plan
t it di
ed”)
S.60
.4 Gi
ve ev
idenc
e fro
m ob
serva
tions
or in
vesti
gatio
ns
S.60
.5 Be
gin to
disti
nguis
h evid
ence
fro
m op
inion
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
eng
age
in th
e pr
oces
s of
eng
inee
ring.
Desig
n Cyc
leS.
36.4
Gathe
r infor
matio
n to h
elp
deter
mine
if so
methi
ng ha
s bee
n de
signe
d by h
uman
s
S.48
.4 Ide
ntify
a pro
blem
and,
with
adult
assis
tance
desig
n a
solut
ion (e
.g., d
evice
or pr
oces
s) to
addr
ess t
hat p
roble
m
S.60
.6 Ide
ntify
a pro
blem
and,
with
adult
assis
tance
, des
ign a
solut
ion,
test, a
nd re
fine d
esign
elem
ents
47PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
patte
rns,
pro
cess
and
rela
tions
hips
of l
ivin
g th
ings
.0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24 to
36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Unity
and
Dive
rsity
of Lif
e
S.24
.2 Ex
plore
ch
arac
terist
ics of
dif
feren
t plan
ts an
d an
imals
S.36
.5 Ob
serve
featu
res o
f plan
ts an
d anim
als an
d exp
lore f
uncti
on of
fea
tures
S.48
.5 Co
mpar
e and
contr
ast
basic
featu
res o
f livin
g thin
gs
(e.g.
, bod
y par
ts an
d the
ir use
s) be
twee
n and
acro
ss gr
oups
S.60
.7 Gr
oup a
nd cl
assif
y livi
ng
thing
s bas
ed up
on fe
ature
s, pr
ovidi
ng ev
idenc
e to s
uppo
rt gr
oupin
gsS.
48.6
Reco
gnize
chan
ges i
n liv
ing th
ings o
ver t
heir l
ifesp
an
by ob
servi
ng si
milar
ities a
nd
differ
ence
betw
een b
abies
and
adult
s
S.60
.8 De
mons
trate
an
unde
rstan
ding o
f how
living
thi
ngs g
row
and c
hang
e thr
ough
pr
edict
able
stage
s (e.g
., birth
, gr
owth,
repr
oduc
tion,
death
)
Living
Thin
gs
and T
heir
Inter
actio
ns
with
the
Envir
onme
nt an
d Eac
h Ot
her
S.24
.3 Ob
serve
liv
ing th
ings
S.36
.6 Ob
serve
how
a var
iety o
f liv
ing th
ings o
btain
food a
s a so
urce
of
ener
gy fo
r sur
viving
S.48
.7 Ex
plore
how
anim
als
depe
nd up
on th
e env
ironm
ent fo
r foo
d, wa
ter an
d she
lter
S.60
.9 Pr
ovide
exam
ples o
f how
an
imals
depe
nd on
plan
ts an
d othe
r an
imals
for f
ood
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
phys
ical
sci
ence
s.En
ergy
, For
ce
and M
otion
S.
24.4
Use t
rial a
nd
erro
r to e
xplor
e the
wa
y diffe
rent
objec
t mo
ve
S.36
.7 Ob
serve
diffe
rent
ways
ob
jects
move
(e.g.
, roll
, bou
nce,
spin,
slide
) and
wha
t hap
pens
whe
n the
y inte
ract
(collid
e)
S.48
.8 Inv
estig
ate ho
w ob
jects’
sp
eed a
nd di
recti
on ca
n be v
aried
S.
60.10
Mak
e pre
dictio
ns an
d co
nduc
t sim
ple ex
perim
ents
to ch
ange
dire
ction
, spe
ed an
d dis
tance
objec
ts mo
ve
S.60
.11 D
eterm
ine ca
use a
nd ef
fect
of pu
sh/pu
ll/coll
ision
that
make
ob
jects,
star
t, stop
and c
hang
e dir
ectio
n
48PROOFStra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
chi
ldre
n to
und
erst
and
phys
ical
sci
ence
s (c
ontin
ued)
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
to 36
mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
sMa
tter a
nd its
pr
oper
ties
S.24
.5 Ob
serve
sim
ple at
tribute
s of
mater
ials (
e.g.,
hard
, soft
)
S.36
.8 Ob
serve
and d
escri
be
attrib
utes o
f mate
rials
that a
re
relat
ed to
their
func
tion (
e.g.,
flexib
ility,
trans
pare
ncy,
stren
gth)
S.48
.9 C
ompa
re an
d con
trast
attrib
utes o
f com
mon m
ateria
ls re
lated
to th
eir fu
nctio
n (e.g
., fle
xibilit
y, tra
nspa
renc
y, str
ength
)
S.60
.12 E
valua
te the
appr
opria
tenes
s of
a mate
rial fo
r a gi
ven p
urpo
se
base
d upo
n its
prop
ertie
s
S.60
.13 O
bser
ve ho
w he
ating
and
cooli
ng ca
use c
hang
es to
prop
ertie
s of
mater
ials (
e.g.,
ice m
elts w
hen w
e br
ing it
inside
, plas
tic be
come
s britt
le wh
en it
is lef
t outs
ide in
the c
old)
Stra
nd: E
arly
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
will
sup
port
to u
nder
stan
d fe
atur
es o
f ear
th.
Earth
’s Fe
ature
s and
the
Effe
cts of
W
eathe
r and
W
ater
S.24
.6 Ob
serve
na
tural
featur
es
of the
earth
(e.g.
, lan
d, ra
in)
S.36
.9 De
scrib
e com
mon f
eatur
es of
the
earth
(e.g.
, sky
, land
, and
wate
r) an
d wha
t is fo
und t
here
(e.g.
, bird
s, fis
h, sta
rs)
S.48
.10 O
bser
ve, r
ecor
d, an
d no
te pa
ttern
s reg
ardin
g wea
ther
and t
he ef
fects
on th
e imm
ediat
e en
viron
ment
(e.g.
, rain
over
a pe
riod o
f day
s cau
ses fl
oodin
g, su
nny d
ays c
ause
the fl
ower
bed
to dr
y out)
S.60
.14 G
ive ex
ample
s of w
ays i
n wh
ich w
eathe
r var
iables
(hot/
cold
tempe
ratur
es, a
moun
t and
int
ensit
y of p
recip
itatio
n, wi
nd sp
eed)
aff
ect u
s and
/or ca
use c
hang
es to
ea
rth’s
featur
es (e
.g., t
he st
ream
has
grea
ter w
ater fl
ow af
ter sn
ow m
elts)
S.48
.11 In
vesti
gate
how
water
int
erac
ts wi
th oth
er ea
rth m
ateria
ls (e
.g., s
and,
dirt, p
ebble
s)
Earth
and
Huma
n Ac
tivity
S.24
.7 Ta
lk ab
out d
iffere
nt foo
ds hu
mans
ea
t
S.24
.10 G
ive ex
ample
s of n
atura
l re
sour
ces t
hat h
uman
s use
to
survi
ve (e
.g., fo
od, w
ater)
S.48
.12 In
vesti
gate
how
huma
ns
use d
esign
solut
ions t
o ada
pt na
tural
reso
urce
s to m
eet b
asic
need
s (e.g
., cut
trees
to bu
ild
hous
es, m
ake a
pples
auce
out o
f ap
ples)
S.60
.15 E
xplor
e how
huma
ns’ u
se
of na
tural
reso
urce
s imp
acts
the
envir
onme
nt (e
.g., if
we c
atch a
ll the
salm
on th
is ca
n no l
onge
r be
a foo
d sou
rce, c
utting
down
tree
s ca
n cau
se er
osion
)
49PROOFLear
ning
Pr
ogre
ssio
nC
ogni
tion
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Ind
icator
s:Th
is is
evide
nt, f
or
exam
ple, w
hen
child
ren:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
ex
ample
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Indica
tors:
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, wh
en ch
ildre
n:
Subd
omai
n Sk
ills:
Ear
ly le
arni
ng e
xper
ienc
es w
ill s
uppo
rt c
hild
ren
in th
eir a
ppro
ache
s to
lear
ning
.Cu
riosit
y and
Ini
tiativ
eC.
6.1 U
se
sens
es to
explo
re
imme
diate
envir
onme
nt
C.12
.1 Se
ek
familia
r peo
ple
and/o
r obje
cts th
at ar
e not
there
C.18
.1 U
se
sens
es to
activ
ely
inves
tigate
and
explo
re th
e effe
cts
of ne
w ac
tions
on
objec
ts
C.24
.1 Ex
plore
ob
jects,
activ
ities,
and e
nviro
nmen
ts
C.36
.1 As
k que
stion
s an
d see
k ans
wers
from
a va
riety
of so
urce
s
C.48
.1 Ex
plore
and i
nves
tigate
a v
ariet
y of e
xper
ience
s and
top
ics us
ing di
ffere
nt ma
terial
s
C.60
.1 Inv
estig
ate w
ays t
o ma
ke so
methi
ng ha
ppen
Enga
geme
nt wi
th En
viron
ment,
Pe
ople
and
Objec
ts
C.6.2
Orie
nt to
and v
ocali
ze in
re
spon
se to
sigh
ts an
d sou
nds i
n the
imme
diate
envir
onme
nt
C.12
.2 Sh
ow
inter
est in
a wi
der
varie
ty of
sights
an
d sou
nds w
ith
grea
ter pu
rpos
e, oft
en in
shar
ed
expe
rienc
es w
ith
adult
s
C.18
.2 Fo
cus
atten
tion o
n int
eres
ting s
ights
or so
unds
, ofte
n in
shar
ed ex
perie
nces
wi
th ad
ults
C.24
.2 En
gage
in
inter
actio
ns
and s
elf-se
lected
ac
tivitie
s for
inc
reas
ing le
ngth
of tim
e
C.36
.2 Ma
intain
inter
est
in se
lf-sele
cted a
ctivit
ies
and m
ay se
ek to
enga
ge
other
s or a
sk qu
estio
ns
C.48
.2 Ma
intain
inter
est in
ex
plorin
g spe
cific t
opics
over
tim
e
C.60
.2 Ex
pres
s inte
rest
in lea
rning
abou
t a sp
ecific
top
ic ov
er tim
eC.
60.3
Enga
ge in
prefe
rred
and s
ome n
on-p
refer
red
activ
ities f
or lo
nger
perio
ds
of tim
e. R
emain
with
some
hig
h inte
rest
activ
ities 1
5 mi
nutes
or lo
nger
Eage
rnes
s to
Lear
nC.
6.3 La
ugh,
babb
le, in
creas
e mo
veme
nt,
and e
ngag
e in
repe
tition
of a
learn
ing ac
tivity
C.12
.3 Se
ek ou
t ne
w ma
terial
s and
ex
perie
nces
C.18
.3 Ex
plore
new
ways
to us
e obje
cts
and o
bser
ve re
sults
C.24
.3 De
mons
trate
a des
ire to
ac
comp
lish a
new
skill;
may
look
to
other
s for
appr
oval
and c
ongr
atulat
ions
C.36
.3 De
mons
trate
enthu
siasm
for n
ew
learn
ing (m
ay be
with
in fam
iliar c
ontex
ts)
C.48
.3 Se
ek ou
t new
ch
allen
ges a
nd no
vel
expe
rienc
es
C.60
.4 Sh
ow pr
ide in
ac
comp
lishm
ent w
hen
reac
hing m
aster
y of a
skill
and s
hare
expe
rienc
es w
ith
other
s
Coop
erati
on
with
Peer
s in
Lear
ning
Expe
rienc
es
C.48
.4 En
gage
in an
d co
mplet
e lea
rning
activ
ities
with
peer
C.60
.5 Pl
an an
d com
plete
learn
ing ac
tivity
with
a pe
er
C.48
.5 He
lp an
d coo
pera
te in
grou
pC.
60.6
Mode
l or t
each
peer
s ho
w to
use m
ateria
ls or
co
mplet
e a ta
sk
50PROOFSubd
omai
n Sk
ills:
Ear
ly le
arni
ng e
xper
ienc
es w
ill s
uppo
rt c
hild
ren
to u
se lo
gic
and
reas
onin
g.0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24-3
6 mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
s
Caus
e and
Ef
fect
C.6.4
Sho
w int
eres
t in th
e re
sults
of th
eir
actio
ns an
d “a
ccide
ntal”
disco
verie
s
C.12
.4 Re
cogn
ize
effec
t of a
ction
s on
objec
t -ca
use
and e
ffect
(e.g.
, sh
ake a
rattle
and i
t ma
kes a
soun
d)
C.18
.4 Le
arn
by ob
servi
ng or
lis
tening
to ot
hers
and r
epea
ting
their a
ction
s or
verb
aliza
tions
C.24
.4 Re
peat
actio
ns ov
er
and o
ver a
nd no
tice r
esult
s C.
36.4
Vary
actio
ns to
ob
serve
diffe
rent
resu
lts
(e.g.
, hits
leve
r har
der t
o se
e if r
esult
chan
ges)
C.48
.6 Ma
nipula
te ma
terial
s and
co
mmun
icate
abou
t the
impa
ct of
own
actio
ns
C.60
.7 Tr
y mult
iple u
ses
of sa
me m
ateria
ls an
d ob
serve
diffe
ring r
esult
s
Attrib
utes,
Sortin
g and
Pa
ttern
s
C.6.5
Rec
ogniz
e fam
iliar p
eople
or
objec
ts in
the im
media
te en
viron
ment
(e.g.
, no
tices
diffe
renc
es
betw
een v
ariou
s pe
ople
and
objec
ts)
C.12
.5 Re
spon
d to
new
or no
vel
objec
ts wi
th int
eres
t rec
ogniz
ing
differ
ence
s
C.18
.5 Ma
tch ob
jects
that a
re th
e sam
e (si
mple
categ
orizi
ng)
C.24
.5 So
rt ob
jects
by ty
pe
(e.g.
, car
s and
bloc
ks) a
nd
put s
ome o
bjects
in or
der
(e.g.
, line
s up t
hree
objec
ts fro
m sm
alles
t to bi
gges
t)
C.36
.5 Ide
ntify
differ
ence
s be
twee
n obje
cts ac
ross
mu
ltiple
char
acter
istics
(e
.g., te
xture
, colo
r, sh
ape,
size)
C.48
.7 Ide
ntify
simila
rities
and
differ
ence
s in o
bjects
, pe
ople,
even
ts,
soun
ds ba
sed o
n one
att
ribute
(e.g.
, sam
e or
diffe
rent
color
s, lou
d, or
soft s
ound
)
C.60
.8 Co
mpar
e rela
tive
attrib
utes o
f obje
cts, p
eople
, ev
ents,
soun
ds (e
.g.,
loude
r, mor
e, les
s)
48.8
Reco
gnize
pa
ttern
s in r
outin
es,
objec
ts,an
d/or
soun
d san
d rep
licate
se
quen
ce us
ing
objec
ts or
lang
uage
C.60
.9 Us
e fam
iliar p
atter
ns
to so
lve pr
oblem
s and
re
ason
(e.g.
, if w
e goto
the
libra
ry ev
ery o
ther d
ay an
d we
wen
t yes
terda
y, tod
ay
we w
ill...)
C.60
.10 B
egin
to qu
estio
n ac
cura
cy of
infor
matio
n an
d sou
rces a
s evid
ence
d by
shar
ing co
nflict
ing
infor
matio
n fro
m an
other
so
urce
(e.g.
, whe
n the
tea
cher
men
tions
that
togeth
er, te
lls te
ache
r, “my
da
d say
s”)
51PROOFSubd
omai
n Sk
ills:
Ear
ly le
arni
ng e
xper
ienc
es w
ill s
uppo
rt c
hild
ren
to u
se lo
gic
and
reas
onin
g (c
ontin
ued)
.0-
6 mon
ths6-
12 m
onths
12-1
8 mon
ths18
-24 m
onths
24-3
6 mon
ths3 t
o 4 ye
ars
4 to 5
year
s
Prob
lem
Solvi
ngC.
12.6
Use a
varie
ty of
actio
ns to
obtai
n de
sired
objec
ts
C.18
.6 Pu
rpos
efully
ex
perim
ent w
ith
the ef
fects
of ne
w ac
tions
upon
ob
jects
C.24
.6 Tr
y a su
cces
sful
strate
gy in
a ne
w sit
uatio
n (e
.g., tu
gging
or pr
ying o
n so
methi
ng th
at is
stuck
)
C.36
.6 Us
e obje
cts in
ne
w an
d une
xpec
ted
ways
to so
lve pr
oblem
s thr
ough
trial
and e
rror
C.48
.9 Th
ink of
and
try an
alter
nativ
e str
ategy
whe
n a
first a
ttemp
t at
solvi
ng a
prob
lem is
un
succ
essfu
l
C.60
.11 Tr
y mult
iple
strate
gies t
o solv
e a pr
oblem
an
d dra
w on
mult
iple
reso
urce
s (e.g
., loo
k at w
hat
a pee
r is do
ing fo
r idea
s)
C.6.6
Som
etime
s wi
ll sho
w the
y ca
n solv
e pr
oblem
s by
reac
hing f
or
desir
ed to
ys or
bla
nket
C.12
.7 So
lve
simple
man
ipulat
ive
chall
enge
s thr
ough
ob
serva
tion a
nd
imita
tion (
e.g., p
utting
so
methi
ng “in
to a
buck
et”)
C.18
.7 Ut
ilize
shap
es an
d so
rting b
oxes
; ma
y use
trial
and
erro
r to fi
t obje
cts
togeth
er
C.24
.7 Ta
ke th
ings a
part
and
try to
put th
em ba
ck to
gethe
r C.
36.7
Use s
patia
l re
lation
ships
to so
lve
prob
lems
(e.g.
, fits
piece
s into
puzz
le)
Symb
olic
Repr
esen
tation
C.18
.8 Us
e do
lls an
d stuf
fed
anim
als as
if the
y we
re re
al (e
.g.,
rock
s doll
, pets
stu
ffed d
og)
C.24
.8 Pl
ay w
ith do
lls or
stu
ffed a
nimals
and r
ealis
tic
prop
s tog
ether
(e.g.
, use
a pla
y spo
on to
feed
a do
ll)
C.36
.8 Us
e a si
milar
ob
ject to
repr
esen
t an
other
objec
t in pl
ay
(e.g.
, pre
tend a
penc
il is
a spo
on)
C.48
.10 U
se or
mak
e a p
rop t
o rep
rese
nt an
objec
t (e.g
., buil
d a t
eleph
one)
C.60
.12 U
se di
ssim
ilar
objec
ts to
repr
esen
t othe
r ob
jects
in pla
y or p
erfor
m an
actio
n with
an im
agina
ry ob
ject (
e.g., u
se st
irring
ac
tion w
ithou
t any
thing
in
hand
)
C.18
.9 En
gage
in
prete
nd pl
ay w
ith
reali
stic o
bjects
(e
.g., u
ses a
play
ph
one t
o pre
tend
to ma
ke a
phon
e ca
ll)
C.24
.9 Ac
t out
familia
r fun
ction
s in p
lay (e
.g.,
swee
ping fl
oor, p
ourin
g milk
)
C.36
.9 Ac
t out
relat
ional
roles
in pl
ay (e
.g., m
om
or da
d with
baby
)
C.48
.11 A
ct ou
t ac
tions
or sc
enar
ios
involv
ing fa
milia
r ro
les (e
.g., te
ache
r, do
ctor, o
r fire
fighte
r)
C.60
.13 E
ngag
e in e
xtend
ed
prete
nd pl
ay sc
enar
ios an
d dis
play r
ecog
nition
of th
e dif
feren
ce be
twee
n pre
tend
or fa
ntasy
situa
tions
and
reali
ty
C.48
.12 R
epre
sent
peop
le, pl
aces
, or
thing
s thr
ough
sim
ple dr
awing
s, mo
veme
nts, a
nd
three
-dim
ensio
nal
cons
tructi
on
C.60
.14 R
epre
sent
peop
le,
place
s, or
thing
s thr
ough
dr
awing
s, mo
veme
nts,
and/o
r thr
ee di
mens
ional
cons
tructi
ons t
hat a
re
incre
asing
ly ab
strac
t (e.g
., ma
y dra
w a m
ap th
at inc
ludes
an “X
” tha
t mar
ks
the lo
catio
n of th
e tre
asur
e)
52PROOFSubd
omai
n Sk
ills:
Ear
ly le
arni
ng e
xper
ienc
es w
ill s
uppo
rt c
hild
ren
in e
xecu
tive
func
tion.
0-6 m
onths
6-12
mon
ths12
-18 m
onths
18-2
4 mon
ths24
-36 m
onths
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Choo
sing a
nd
Plan
ning
C.12
.8 Ind
icate
prefe
renc
es no
n-ve
rball
y
C.18
.10 In
dicate
pr
efere
nces
by
point
ing an
d usin
g on
e or t
wo w
ords
C.24
.10 In
dicate
prefe
renc
es
using
simp
le lan
guag
eC.
36.10
Mak
e cho
ices
base
d on p
refer
ence
s
C.48
.13 W
ith ad
ult
assis
tance
, cho
ose
activ
ities a
nd pl
an
what
to do
C.60
.15 M
ake a
plan
, follo
w thr
ough
, and
revie
w pla
n ba
sed o
n wha
t they
actua
lly
did. I
ndica
te re
ason
s for
ch
oice,
set g
oals,
and f
ollow
pla
nTa
sk
Persi
stanc
eC.
6.7 R
epea
t ac
tions
to ob
tain
simila
r res
ults
C.12
.9 Pr
actic
e an
activ
ity m
any t
imes
un
til su
cces
sful
C.18
.11 C
omple
te sim
ple ac
tivitie
sC.
24.11
Com
plete
simple
ac
tivitie
s des
pite f
rustr
ation
C.36
.11 C
omple
te se
lf-se
lected
shor
t-ter
m ac
tivitie
s man
y tim
es to
ga
in ma
stery
C.48
.14 C
ontin
ue
worki
ng th
roug
h mo
dera
tely d
ifficu
lt ac
tivitie
s, de
spite
so
me fr
ustra
tion
C.60
.16 C
omple
te lon
ger
term
and m
ore c
omple
x tas
ks w
ith a
focus
on th
e go
al, de
spite
frus
tratio
n
Cogn
itive
Flexib
ility
C.18
.12 U
se
objec
ts in
new
and
unex
pecte
d way
s
C.24
.12 P
urpo
seful
ly try
mu
ltiple
ways
of us
ing th
e sa
me ob
jects
C.36
.12 R
ealiz
e whe
n so
methi
ng is
not w
orkin
g an
d with
adult
assis
tance
ca
n try
anoth
er ap
proa
ch
C.48
.15 W
ith ad
ult
assis
tance
, stop
and
cons
ider a
ltern
ative
s wh
en en
coun
tering
a pr
oblem
C.60
.17 G
ener
ate or
seek
ou
t mult
iple s
olutio
ns to
a pr
oblem
Wor
king
Memo
ryC.
24.13
Hold
in m
ind a
simple
task
long
enou
gh to
co
mplet
e it (
e.g., w
iping
a tab
le, w
alking
acro
ss th
e ro
om to
thro
w so
methi
ng in
the
garb
age)
C.36
.13 R
emem
ber
wher
e rec
ently
used
ob
jects
were
plac
ed
C.48
.16 E
ngag
e in
game
s tha
t invo
lve
reme
mber
ing (e
.g.,
memo
ry)
LR.60
.18 H
old in
mind
the
topic
of gr
oup d
iscus
sion
and c
ontrib
ute pe
rsona
l ex
perie
nce (
e.g., w
hen
talkin
g abo
ut so
methi
ng th
at is
brok
en sa
ys, “
my m
om
used
a sc
rewd
river
to fix
our
shelf
”)Re
gulat
ion of
At
tentio
n and
Im
pulse
s
C.24
.14 E
ngag
e in
inter
actio
ns an
d self
-selec
ted
activ
ities f
or in
creas
ing
length
of tim
e
C.36
.14 M
aintai
n foc
us
on hi
gh-in
teres
t acti
vities
in
the fa
ce of
routi
ne
distra
ction
s
C.48
.17 M
aintai
n foc
us on
high
-inter
est
activ
ities i
n the
face
of
mino
r soc
ial or
se
nsor
y dist
racti
ons
C.60
.19 E
ngag
e in p
refer
red
and s
ome n
on-p
refer
red
activ
ities f
or lo
nger
perio
ds
of tim
e. Re
main
with
some
hig
h-int
eres
t acti
vities
15
minu
tes or
long
erC.
36.15
With
adult
su
ppor
t, res
ist im
pulse
s in
struc
tured
settin
gs
for br
ief, b
ut inc
reas
ing
perio
ds of
time.
C.48
.18 W
ith ad
ult
remi
nder
s can
br
iefly i
nhibi
t initia
l re
spon
se (e
.g., s
top
imita
ting i
napr
opria
te be
havio
rs of
peer
s, wa
it tur
n to r
ewpo
nd
to qu
estio
n or p
romp
t in
grou
p sett
ing)
C.60
.20 T
ypica
lly re
sists
impu
lses a
nd ca
n wait
lon
ger t
o res
pond
in m
ore
struc
tured
settin
gs (e
.g., a
t a r
estau
rant,
in ci
rcle t
ime i
n pr
esch
ool)
53PROOFLear
ning
Pr
ogre
ssio
nSo
cial
Stu
dies
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indica
tors
This
is ev
ident
, for
exa
mple
, whe
n ch
ildre
n:Ind
icator
s Th
is is
evide
nt, f
or e
xam
ple, w
hen
child
ren :
Early
Lear
ning e
xper
ience
s will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
unde
rstan
d self
, fami
ly an
d a di
verse
comm
unity
.
Indivi
dual
Deve
lopme
nt an
d Ide
ntity
SS.48
.1 Ide
ntify
phys
ical c
hara
cteris
tics o
f self
(e.g.
, eye
s, ha
ir, sk
in,
etc.)
SS.60
.1 D
emon
strate
an un
derst
andin
g tha
t ther
e are
simi
laritie
s and
dif
feren
ces a
mong
peop
le an
d fam
ilies
SS.48
.2 De
mons
trate
an un
derst
andin
g of s
elf as
part
of a f
amily
(e
.g., p
aren
ts, gr
andp
aren
ts, si
bling
s, ca
regiv
ers)
Cultu
reSS
.48.3
Identi
fy cu
ltura
l cha
racte
ristic
s of s
elf, fa
mily,
and c
ommu
nity
(e.g.
, hom
e lan
guag
e, foo
ds, m
odes
of tr
ansp
ortat
ion, s
helte
r, etc.
) SS
.60.2
Demo
nstra
te un
derst
andin
g tha
t ther
e are
simi
laritie
s and
diffe
renc
es
amon
g the
cultu
ral c
hara
cteris
tics o
f peo
ple, fa
milie
s and
comm
unitie
s (e.g
., lan
guag
es, fo
ods,
art, c
ustom
s, mo
des o
f tran
spor
tation
and s
helte
r)
Early
Lear
ning e
xper
ience
s will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
lear
n abo
ut pe
ople
and t
he en
viron
ment.
Powe
r, Auth
ority
, and
Go
vern
ance
SS.48
.4 De
mons
trate
an un
derst
andin
g of s
ome r
easo
ns fo
r bas
ic ru
les in
the h
ome,
cultu
ral c
ommu
nity,
and/o
r clas
sroom
SS.60
.3 De
mons
trate
unde
rstan
ding o
f the r
easo
ns fo
r rule
s and
laws
in th
e ho
me, c
ultur
al co
mmun
ity, a
nd/or
clas
sroom
Peop
le, P
laces
, and
En
viron
ments
SS.48
.5 De
mons
trate
awar
enes
s tha
t peo
ple sh
are t
he en
viron
ment
with
other
peop
le, an
imals
, and
plan
ts an
d hav
e the
resp
onsib
ility t
o ca
re fo
r the
m
SS.60
.4 De
mons
trate
awar
enes
s tha
t peo
ple ha
ve a
resp
onsib
ility t
o tak
e car
e of
the en
viron
ment
throu
gh ac
tive p
artic
ipatio
n in a
ctivit
ies su
ch as
recy
cling
SS.48
.6 De
scrib
e, dr
aw, o
r con
struc
t asp
ects
of the
geog
raph
y of th
e cla
ssro
om an
d/or h
ome
SS.60
.5 De
scrib
e, dr
aw, o
r con
struc
t asp
ects
of the
clas
sroom
, hom
e and
/or
comm
unity
(inclu
ding r
oads
, buil
ding,
bodie
s of w
ater, e
tc.)
Civic
deals
and P
racti
ces
SS.48
.7 Pa
rticipa
te in
jobs a
nd re
spon
sibilit
ies at
home
, clas
sroom
, or
comm
unity
SS.60
.6 De
mons
trate
an un
derst
andin
g of w
hy ce
rtain
resp
onsib
ilities
are
impo
rtant
and p
artic
ipate
in ful
filling
resp
onsib
ilities
at ho
me, c
lassro
om or
co
mmun
ity (e
.g., c
leanin
g up,
carin
g for
pets)
54PROOF
Early
Lear
ning e
xper
ience
s will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
deve
lop an
unde
rstan
ding o
f eco
nomi
c sys
tems a
nd re
sour
ces.
3 to 4
year
s4 t
o 5 ye
ars
Indivi
duals
, Gro
ups,
and
Institu
tions
SS.48
.8 De
mons
trate
awar
enes
s of a
varie
ty of
jobs i
n the
ir co
mmun
ity an
d the
wor
k ass
ociat
ed w
ith th
em th
roug
h con
versa
tion
and/o
r play
SS.60
.7 De
mons
trate
awar
enes
s of th
e too
ls an
d tec
hnolo
gies a
ssoc
iated
with
a v
ariet
y of r
oles a
nd jo
bs; e
xpre
ssing
inter
est in
diffe
rent
care
ers
Prod
uctio
n, dis
tributi
on, a
nd
Cons
umpti
onSS
.48.9
Demo
nstra
te be
ginnin
g und
ersta
nding
of co
mmer
ce th
roug
h ex
plorin
g the
roles
of bu
ying a
nd se
lling i
n play
SS.60
.8 De
mons
trate
unde
rstan
ding o
f the b
asic
relat
ionsh
ip of
mone
y for
the p
urch
ase o
f food
, she
lter, g
oods
and s
ervic
es, m
oving
towa
rd an
un
derst
andin
g of th
e diffe
renc
e betw
een w
ants
and n
eeds
Scien
ce, te
chno
logy,
and
Socie
tySS
.48.10
Und
ersta
nd th
e use
of to
ols, in
cludin
g tec
hnolo
gy, fo
r a
varie
ty of
purp
oses
SS
.60.9
Begin
to be
awar
e of te
chno
logy a
nd ho
w it a
ffects
life
Early
Lear
ning e
xper
ience
s will
supp
ort c
hildr
en to
unde
rstan
d cha
nge o
vertim
e.
Time,
Conti
nuity
, and
Cha
nge
SS.48
.11 D
emon
strate
a ba
sic un
derst
andin
g of s
eque
nce o
f eve
nts
and t
ime p
eriod
s (e.g
., usin
g ter
ms su
ch as
time o
f day
, yes
terda
y, tod
ay an
d tom
orro
w)
SS.60
.10 D
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Dual Language Development Framework: Learning Progressions for 2nd Language Acquisition
This is a basic framework for considering development of second language learning and was developed as a sup-plement to the Early Learning and Development Standards. It is necessary to consider information about chil-dren’s language development in all languages they are learning when looking at their skills and progress in other developmental domains and content areas. The Language and Literacy domain applies to all students and reflects what children should know and be able to do in their first or primary language(s). Although learning multiple languages may impact the timing of some development in the Language and Literacy domain, the learning pro-gressions in that domain are considered the primary language and literacy acquisition standards. This section is not applicable to all students, but rather is designed to raise awareness of the typical stages of acquiring a second language. It shows a general progression of skills, loosely based on a child with some initial experiences in a first language (L1) who is receiving continued support of language and academic development in L1 at the same time they are learning a second language (L2). The general progression in the document is shown below.
BeginningHome language and first
experiences with second language
Middle Beginning use of
second language
LaterIncreasing use of second language
There is wide variation in the experiences and skills of children who are learning a second language. The degree to which children’s use of their first or second language is supported at home and in other environments has a great impact on their language development, as does the age at which they begin to learn a second language. Children with different experiences and varying exposure to languages may vary from the developmental pro-gression indicated in this document. Some examples are:
• Children who learn two languages at home on a continuing basis from birth may develop similar skills in both languages at the same time.
• Children with strong verbal skills in L1 may move from the beginning stages to later stages more quickly than a child who is very young or who has not had strong language models in L1.
• Children whose school experiences are provided in L2 may begin to demonstrate stronger skills in L2 than in L1 if their academic knowledge, vocabulary, and expression of higher order thinking are not supported in L1.
All of these variables should be considered when looking at children’s language development. This document can serve a basis for considering a child’s skills when they are learning a second language or when their home language is different from that learned at school.
Research widely supports the advantages of learning multiple languages and shows that greater skills in a first language support the development of skills in a second language. Therefore, this document promotes continu-ing support for children’s language development in their first language. While the supports for first and second language development may not occur in the same settings, communication and coordination to ensure common goals across settings will help to ensure the best outcomes for children.
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Learning Progression
Supplemental Dual Language Development Framework
Beginning Home Language and first experi-
ences with second language
MiddleBeginning use of Second language
LaterIncreasing use of Second Language
Strand: Early learning experiences will support children to develop listening skills.Comprehension of Information Presented Orally
DLL.B.1 Demonstrate an under-standing of words related to basic and advanced concepts in L1 that are appropriate for their age; May understand a few words in L2
DLL.M.1 Demonstrate listening com-prehension of familiar information and concepts in L2, especially with visual and verbal supports (e.g., repetition of information, clarification)
DLL.L.1 Demonstrate listening comprehension of familiar and unfamiliar content and concepts in L2 with continued and appropriate support (including the use of contextual clues real expe-riences, concrete objects, visual/films, etc.)
Comprehension of Oral Instruc-tions, Questions and Prompts
DLL.B.2 Respond to directions, prompts and questions in L1 and acknowledge or respond nonver-bally to common words or phrases in L2 when accompanied by gestures and contextual cues
DLL.M.2 Begin to respond to age ap-propriate routine directions, prompts and familiar questions in L2, especial-ly when there are contextual clues
DLL.L.2 Respond to age appropriate directions, prompts and questions in L2, including multi-step directions with continued and appropriate support (including the use of contextual clues real experiences, concrete objects, visual/films, etc.)
Vocabulary DLL.B.3 Demonstrate growing vocabulary in L1 while beginning to attend to L2 language, relying on simplified speech and visual or non-verbal cues or the actual objects
DLL.M.3 Demonstrate understanding of familiar words and simple phrases in L2, especially objects, actions, and basic common social vocabulary
DLL.L.3 Comprehend and respond to increas-ingly complex and varied L2 vocabulary with continued and appropriate support (including the use of contextual clues real experiences, concrete objects, visual/films, etc.)
Pronunciation and Intonation Patterns
DLL.B.4 Demonstrate an age appropriate understanding of into-nation patterns in L1 and recognize a couple of basic patterns in L2 (e.g. intonation used for question versus statement in English)
DLL.M.4 Respond appropriately to an increasing number of basic intona-tions patterns in L2 (e.g., can follow and use intonation of songs with or without the correct words)
DLL.L.4 Distinguish intonation patterns and word stress that affect meaning in questions, state-ments, exclamations and commands in L2; May still demonstrate difficulty hearing some sounds
Conversations and Discussions
DLL.B.5 Demonstrate active listening strategies about personal topics by attending to the speaker nonverbally, making eye contact (if culturally relevant) and attending to gestures
DLL.M.5 Use age-appropriate listen-ing strategies during conversations and discussions, asking on-topic questions with support
DLL.L.5 Attend to speaker during conversation and discussion in L2, responding appropriately with continued and appropriate support (includ-ing the use of contextual clues, real experiences, concrete objects, visual/films, etc.)
Strand: Early learning experiences will support children to develop speaking skills.Communication of Needs
DLL.B.6 May use L1 or L2 to attempt to communicate; In L2 dominant environments may rely on nonverbal communication, such as gestures or behaviors, to seek attention, request objects, or initiate a response from others
DLL.M.6 Combine nonverbal and some verbal communication in L2 to be understood by others (may use L1 and L2 in combination or may use imitative, telegraphic and/or formulaic speech); Request items in L2; May use social greetings and common phrases (e.g., “I don’t know”) in L2
DLL.L.6 Show increasing ability to use verbal communication in L2 to be understood by others; Demonstrate increased participation in conver-sations with peers and adults
Conversation and Discussion
DLL.B.7 Use L1 in during language exchanges and use basic non-verbal communication techniques such as gestures, etc.; May occasionally use single words in L2 to communicate
DLL.M.7 Use both L1 and L2 to engage with peers/adults, request or respond; May use L1 and L2 interchangeably (code-switching) and engages in age appropriate social discussions
DLL.L.7 Demonstrate ability to engage in age-appropriate conversations in L2 on a variety of topics
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Pronunciation and Intonation
DLL.B.8 Produce age appropriate sounds and phonemic structures in L1; May apply L1 patterns when using single words or short phrases in L2
DLL.M.8 Use approximations of sounds and some age-appropriate sounds in L2 but may still carry pronunciation patterns from L1; May add or omit sounds in L2 even when repeating after a model; Use age ap-propriate pronunciation, enunciation, intonation, and fluency using words, phrases and simple sentences when repeating after a model
DLL.L.8 Generally use age appropriate pronun-ciation, enunciation, intonation and fluency in L2 but may still carry pronunciation patterns from L1
Grammar and Syntax
DLL.B.9 Use age appropriate grammar in L1 (e.g. plurals, simple past tense, etc.); May apply L1 patterns when using single words or short phrases in L2
DLL.M.9 Begin to use some L2 gram-matical structures but may make still apply rules from L1 to L2
DLL.L.9 Increasingly use age appropriate forms of grammar in L2, (e.g. plurals, simple past tense, subject-verb agreement)
Social Conventions
DLL.B.10 Use age appropriate social communication skills in L1; May apply L1 conventions when using single words or short phrases in L2
DLL.M.10 Show a beginning under-standing of social conventions in L2
DLL.L.10 Use age appropriate verbal and non-verbal social conventions in L2
Vocabulary Production
DLL.B.11 Use age appropriate vocabulary in L1 and begin to use and demonstrate understanding of (through nonverbal communication or gestures) basic, concrete labels in L2
DLL.M.11 Begin to use L2 vocabulary, especially concrete objects and rou-tine verbs.; Also begin to use social greetings and common phrases/words and appropriate nonverbal actions that indicated understanding of com-mon phrases/words
DLL.L.11 Use age-appropriate and varied vocabulary in a variety of contexts with contin-ued and appropriate support (including the use of contextual clues real experiences, concrete objects, visual/films, etc.)
Utterance Length and Complexity
DLL.B.12 Use age appropriate range of utterance length in L1 and may use isolated words in L2
DLL.M.12 Use two and three word utterances in L2 while continuing to expand utterance length and com-plexity in L1
DLL.L.12 Use age-appropriate utterance length in L2 with increasing use of more complex grammatical structures and a wider variety of elements of speech (e.g. descriptors, pronouns, etc.)
Academic Information (in-quiry, narrative development)
DLL.B.13 Prefer use of L1 to engage in learning and exploration across developmental domains or content areas (e.g. ask and answer age appropriate questions related to science and math, identifies emotions, retells stories, etc.)
DLL.M.13 Begin to use L2 to engage in inquiry and learning experiences; May rely on students that share common L2 for understanding and learning. Need concrete experiences to acquire understanding and make connections to L1, prior experiences and known concepts
DLL.L.13 Are able to use L1 or L2 in a range of learning and exploratory contexts with continued ongoing support in L1 and L2
Strand: Early learning experiences will support children to develop early literacy skills.These progressions apply to children approximately3-5 years of age.Vocabulary, Symbols and Environmental Print
DLL.B.14 Begin to recognize that symbols (classroom, home or com-munity) in the environment carry a consistent meaning in L1 or L
DLL.M.14 Recognize in the environ-ment (classroom, home or communi-ty) some familiar symbols, words and print labels in L1 or L2
DLL.L.14 Recognize in the environment (classroom, home or community) an increasing number of familiar symbols, words, and print labels in L2
Connect written text and spoken language
DLL.B.15 Begin to recognize the first letter in their own name or the character for their own name in L1 or L2
DLL.M.15 Identify some letters or characters in L1 and L2 and the sounds associated with them.
DLL.L.15 Begin to demonstrate that the letters or characters of the L2 alphabet or system are symbols that make up or represent words
Phonemic awareness
DLL.B.16 Attend to and experiment with different sounds or tone in words in L1
DLL.M.16 Attend to and experiment with different sounds or tone in words in L1 and L2 with support
DLL.L.16 Experiment with and vary sounds in words in L1 and L2 (e.g. manipulating onsets, rimes and phonemes to create rhymes, allitera-tion, etc.)
Written language DLL.B.17 Begin to demonstrate an awareness that written language can be in L1 or L2
DLL.M.17 Begin to use marks or sym-bols to represent spoken language in L1 or L2
DLL.L.17 Continue to develop beginning writing skills by using letters or symbols from L2 to represent their ideas
58PROOF
Appendix A: Connecticut Early Childhood Education Cabinet: Early Learning Standards Workgroup
Co- Chair: Harriet Feldlaufer .................Chief, Bureau of Teaching & Learning, State Department of Education
Co- Chair: Dina Anselmi ..........................Co-director, Trinity College Center for Teaching & Learning and Associate Professor of Psychology
Elizabeth Ann (EA) Aschenbrenner .........Director of Early Childhood Initiatives, EASTCONN
Andrea Brinnel ...........................................Consultant, Department of Education
Marcia Elliott..............................................Principal, West Stafford School
Amparo Garcia ..........................................Lead Planning Analyst, Department of Education
Kristi Leutjen ............................................Teacher, Whiting Lane School, West Hartford
Michelle Levy .............................................Consultant, Department of Education
Sherry Linton-Massiah .............................Project Director, Early Childhood Education Cabinet
David Morgan.............................................Chair, CT Head Start Association & Director, TEAM, Inc.
Kathryn O’Connor ....................................Director, Connecticut College Children’s Program
Karen Rainville ..........................................Executive Director, CAEYC & Co-Chair, EC Alliance
Jane Rothschild ..........................................SLC, HARC Stepping Stones
Carmelita Valencia-Daye ..........................Professor, Gateway Community College
Janna Wagner ............................................Chief Knowledge & Learning Officer, All Our Kin
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Dawn Abrahamson ....................Middletown Public SchoolsSaud Anwar ..............................Independent ConsultantLauriston Avery .........................Five Mile River Nursery SchoolAtique Azam Mirza ..................Central Connecticut Cardiologists, L.L.C., St. FrancisJean Bach ..................................Scotland SchoolKari Baransky ...........................Meriden BOEAmanda Bartone .......................Ansonia Public SchoolsKatherine Benard ......................Branford Public SchoolsEllen Benham ............................Bristol Public SchoolsElizabeth Bicio .........................Early Childhood Consultation Partnership (Advanced Behavioral Health,Inc.)Nancy Blackwell-Todd .............New Haven Public SchoolsLori Blake ................................Goodwin CollegeRebecca Breen ..........................East Hartford Public Schools Birth-To-Three ProgramColleen Brower .........................Connecticut Charts-a-CourseMary Budrawich .......................Early Childhood ConsultantLiz Buttner ................................Connecticut State Department of Education Marilyn Calderon ......................Connecticut Parent PowerShaleighne Fahey Cantner ........Hartford Area Childcare Collaborative/Middlesex County Early Head Start PartnershipsSuzanne Clement ......................Cooperative Educational Services, Julie Coakley .............................Cooperative Educational Services Kristen Cool ..............................Windsor Locks Public SchoolsJane Crowell ..............................City of HartfordAngela Crowley ........................Yale University School of NursingJoanne Cunard ...........................University of St. JosephAnne Marie Davidson ...............The A.J. Pappanikou Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities Michelle DellaCamera ..............Accreditation Facilitation ProjectAnita Deschenes-Desmond .......Capital Region Education Council (CREC) Shawn Marie-Dummond ...........Education ConnectionJen Fagan ..................................Bloomfield Public SchoolsKaren Feder ...............................Abilis, Inc. Sandy Fowler ............................Accreditation Facilitation ProjectIrene Garneau ...........................Wintonbury Early Childhood Magnet SchoolKathy Gavin ..............................Goodwin CollegeAnne Giordiano ........................Education ConnectionErica Gittleman .........................Easter SealsAnne Gobes ..............................Bristol Public SchoolsMary Hincks .............................Annie Fisher S.T.E.M. Magnet School, HartfordMui Mui Hin-Mccormick .........Connecticut General AssemblyMargaret Holmberg ...................Connecticut Association for Infant Mental HealthCindy Jackson ...........................Children’s Therapy ServicesMary Ann Kasperson ...............Reach Out, Inc. Koleen Kerski ...........................Connecticut Department of Developmental Services, Birth to Three Kristi Laverty ............................West Hartford Public SchoolsJenny Levinson .........................Bloomfield Public Schools
Appendix B: Standards Alignment, Drafting and Revision Process Participants
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June R. Levy, Ph.D. ..................Independent ConsultantTannis Longmore ......................Stafford Public SchoolsTalhaht Mannan ........................Early Learning Program, Inc. at Central Connecticut State UniversityRachael Manzer ........................Annie Fisher STEM Magnet School, HartfordConnie Mazzetta ......................Enfield Public SchoolsAnne Messecar .........................Manchester Head Start (retired)Teresa Messervy ........................Thames Valley Council for Community Action (TVCCA)Linda Miklos .............................Education ConnectionDiane Morton ............................The School for Young Children at University of St. JosephLinda Page Neelly, Ph.D. .........University of ConnecticutLaurie Noe ...............................Housatonic Community CollegeCatherine O’Brien .....................LEARNJoan Parris .................................Norwalk Community CollegeMary Penniston .........................Child Health and Development Institute of Connecticut, Inc.Barbara Perrone ........................CRECAnn Perzan ................................Middletown Public SchoolsBeth Purcell ..............................Five Mile River Nursery SchoolAmy Radikas .............................Connecticut State Department of Education Pat Reinhardt .............................Independent ConsultantMelissa Repko ...........................UMASS Donahue InstituteNiloufar Rezai ...........................Eastern Connecticut State UniversityIris Rich .....................................Women’s League Child Development CenterEvelyn Rodriguez ......................Wellmore Behavioral Health, ECCP ProgramDonna Rooney .........................CRECJane Rothschild ........................HARC, Stepping StonesMichele Sabia ............................Stamford Public SchoolsKatherine Sandgren ...................TVCCA Head StartKim Sandor ...............................Independent ConsultantAnn Schenk ...............................Regional Multicultural Magnet School, New London, CTSarah Schlegel, MD ..................Connecticut Children’s Medical CenterAmy Sevell-Nelson ...................Independent ConsultantAnne Sousa ...............................Manchester Preschool CenterAnne Marie Spinelli ..................Bristol Public SchoolsDebra Stipe ...............................EASTCONNRachael Sunny .........................Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental ProtectionCheryl Swett ..............................INPLC Preschool, Boys and Girls Club, Bristol, CTHeidi W Szobota .......................Housatonic Community CollegeCharlene Tate-Nichols ...............CSDEElisabeth Teller ........................SARAH, Inc. KIDSTEPSSue Tenorio ...............................University of Massachusetts, AmherstShelley S. Tomey ......................Housatonic Community CollegeKim Traverso ............................Connecticut State Department of Education Carmelita Valencia-Daye ..........Gateway Community CollegeJaclyn Valley .............................Enfield Public SchoolsEvie Velazquez ..........................Parkville Community SchoolSue Vivian ...............................Education ConnectionKenneth Weiss ...........................Central Connecticut State UniversityYotisse Williams........................State of ConnecticutCarolyn Woodman ....................Bloomfield Public Schools
Standards Alignment, Drafting and Revision Process Participants (continued)
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Appendix C: ReferencesConnecticut Learning Standards B to Age 5
American Academy of Pediatrics, American Public Health Association, National Resource Center for Health and Public Safety in Child Care and Early Education. Preventing Childhood Obesity in Early Care and Education Programs 2010 [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.nrckids.org/CFOC3/PDFVersion/preventing_obesity.pdf
Bedrova, E, Leong, D J. 2007. Tools of the Mind: The Vygotskian Approach to Early Childhood Education. Columbus, OH: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
California Preschool Learning Foundations. State of California [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/psfoundations.asp
Developmental Milestones. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [cited September 2013]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html
Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://
csfel.vanderbilt.edu
Colorado Standards. The Colorado Department of Education [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.cde.state.co.us/cdeassess/UAS/Printable_Standards.html
Clay, M. 2000. Concepts About Print: What Have Children Learned About the Way We Print Language?
Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Committee on Early Childhood Mathematics, Center for Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council of the National Academies. 2009. Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood: Paths Towards Excellence and Equity. Edited by C.T. Cross, Woods, T.A, Schweingruber, H. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Connecticut Curricular Content Areas. Connecticut State Department of Education [cited June 2012]. Available from http://sde.ct.gov/sde/cwp/view.asp?a=2618&Q=320954
Connecticut’s Guidelines for the Development of Infant & Toddler Early Learning. 1997. Edited by Connecticut Department of Social Services. Hartford: State of Connecticut.
Connecticut Preschool Assessment Framework. State of Connecticut 2005 [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.sde.ct.gov/sde/lib/sde/PDF/DEPS/Early/Preschool_Assessment_Framework.pdf
Connecticut Preschool Curriculum Framework. State of Connecticut 2006 [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.sde.ct.gov/sde/lib/sde/PDF/DEPS/Early/Preschool_framework.pdf
Connecticut State Department of Education. 2000. Connecticut’s Blue Print for Reading Achievement: The Report of the Early Reading Success Panel. Hartford, CT: Connecticut State Department of Education.
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References (continued)
Developmental Milestones. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [cited September 2013]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/milestones/index.html
Early Learning Standards for North Carolina Preschoolers and Strategies for Guiding Their Success. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.earlylearning.nc.gov/Foundations/pdf/BW_condensed.pdf
Early Head Start National Resource Center @ ZERO TO THREE®. The Foundations for School Readiness: Fostering Developmental Competence in the Earliest Years. In Technical Assistance Paper No. 6. Washington, DC.
Foundations to the Indiana Academic Standards. Indiana Department of Education [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.doe.in.gov/achievement/curriculum/early-childhood-education
Growing Minds: Building Strong Cognitive Foundations in Early Childhood. 2012. Edited by C. Copple. Washington, DC: the National Association for the Education of Young Children.
A Guide to Early Childhood Program Development. 2007. Edited by State Board of Education: State of Connecticut.
The Head Start hild Development and Early Learning Framework: Promoting Positive Outcomes in Early Childhood Programs Serving Children 3-5 Years Old. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/hslc/tta-system/teaching/eecd/Assessment/Child%20Outcomes/HS_Revised_Child_Outcomes_Framework(rev-Sept2011).pdf
Healthy and Balanced Living Curriculum Framework: Comprehensive School Health Education Comprehensive Physical Education. 2006. Hartford, CT: Connecticut State Department of Education.
Hess, K K, Carlock, D, Jones, B & Walkup, J R. 2009. What Exactly do “Fewer, Clearer, and Higher Standards” really Look Like In The Classroom: Using A Cognitive Rigor Matrix To Analyze Curriculum, Plan Lessons, and Implement Assessments.
Heroman, C, Burts, D.C., Berke, K., & Bickart, T. 2010. Teaching Strategies Gold® Objectives for Development & Learning: Birth Through Kindergarten. Washington, DC: Teaching Strategies, Inc.
Infants-Toddlers: Pennsylvania Learning Standards for Early Childhood. Office of Child Development and Early Learning, Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare 2009 [cited June 2012]. Available from http://static.pdesas.org/content/documents/pennsylvania_early_childhood_education_standards_for_infant-toddler.pdf
International Reading Association. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.reading.org.
Kansas Curricular Standards for English Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). 2012. Kansas State Department of Education [cited July 2012]. Available from http://www.ksde.org/Default.aspx?tabid=4694
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References (continued)
International Reading Association, The National Association for the Education of Young Children. 1998. “Learning to Read and Write: Developmentally Appropriate Practices for Young Children.” Young Children no. 53 (4):30-46.
Kansas Early Learning Guidelines and Standards. Kansas State Department of Education [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.ksde.org/Default.aspx?tabid=3321
Louisiana’s Birth to Five Early Learning and Development Standards (ELDS). Louisiana Department of Education [cited September 2013]. Available from http://www.louisianabelieves.com/docs/early-childhood/early-childhood---birth-to-five-standards.pdf?sfvrsn=4
Maine Early Childhood Learning Guidelines. Department of Education, State of Maine [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.maine.gov/education/fouryearold/guidelines.html
Massachusetts Association for the Education of Young Children. 2010. Massachusetts Early Learning Guidelines for Infants and Toddlers. Malden, MA: MA Department of Early Education and Care.
Michigan Early Learning Standards. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.michigan.gov/documents/Early_Childhood_Standards_of_Quality_160470_7.PDF
Missouri’s Early Learning Standards. Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education [cited June 2012]. Available from http://dese.mo.gov/eel/el/PreK-Standards/index.html
The National Academy of Sciences, Achieve, The American Association for the Advancement of Science, The National Science Teachers Association. Next Generation Science Standards (First Public Draft) 2012. Available from http://www.nextgenscience.org/
National Association for the Education of Young Children: Curriculum Standards. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://lms.naeyc.org/iCohere/login/login.cfm?comseq=0221112395232439
The National Coalition for Core Arts Standards. 2012. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.
arteducators.org/news/national-coalition-for-core-arts-standards-nccas
National Curriculum Standards for Social Studies: Chapter 2-The Themes of Social Studies. National Council for Social Studies [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.socialstudies.org/standards/strands
National Early Childhood Dance Standards. National Dance Education Association [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.ndeo.org/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=893257&module_id=55411
National Governor’s Association for Best Practices, Council of Chief State School Officers. The Common Core State Standards. National Governor’s Association for Best Practices, Council of Chief State School Officers 2010 [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.corestandards.org/the-standards
Nebraska Early Development Network: Babies Can’t Wait. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://edn.ne.gov
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References (continued)
Nebraska’s Early Learning Guidelines for Ages 3 to 5: Creative Arts. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.education.ne.gov/oec/pubs/ELG/3_5_domains/creative_arts.pdf
Paul, R. 2006. Language Disorders From Infancy to Adolescence: Assessment and Intervention. 3 ed.
Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Health Sciences.
PBS Parent Child Development Tracker: Creative Arts. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.pbs.org/parents/childdevelopmenttracker/one/language.html
Prevention, Center for Disease Control. Developmental Milestones [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncddd/actearly/milestones/index.html
Rhode Island Early Learning Standards. Rhode Island Department of Education, Rhode Island Department of Human Services 2007 [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.ride.ri.gov/els/doc.asp
Schickedanz, J.A., Casbergue, R.M. 2004. Writing in Preschool: Learning to Orchestrate Meanings and Marks. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Washington State Early Learning and Development Guidelines. Washington State Department of Early Learning [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.del.wa.gov/development/guidelines
West Virginia Early Learning Standards Framework: Content Standards and Learning Criteria for Pre-Kindergarten. [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.wvdhhr.org/oss/pieces/ta/documents/wv%20elsf.pdf
WIDA: A Theoretical Framework for Early English Language Development (E-ELD) Standards for Dual Language Learners. [cited September 2013] Available from https://ctmail.ct.gov/OWA/redir.aspx?C=45ae93d18add435c8e690d7fb4323b91&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.cdc.gov%2fncbddd%2factearly%2fmilestones%2findex.html
ZERO TO THREE®, National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. Age-based Handouts [cited June 2012]. Available from http://www.zerotothree.org/about-us/areas-of-expertise/free-parent-brochures-and-guides/age-based-handouts.html
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Language and Literacy Early Learning and Development Standards Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts3 to 4 years 4 to 5 years Kindergarten
Strand: Understand Language (Receptive Language)Word comprehension
L.48.1 Understand words or signs for objects, actions and visible attributes found frequently in both real & symbolic contexts
L.48.1 Understand words or signs for objects, actions and visible attributes found frequently in both real & symbolic contexts
CC.K.L.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on kindergarten reading and content.CC.K.L.4.a Identify new meanings for familiar words and apply them accurately (e.g., knowing duck is a bird and learning the verb to duck). CC.K.L.4.b Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un-, pre-, -ful, -less) as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.CC.K.L.5 With guidance and support from adults, explore word relationships and nuances in word meanings.CC.K.L.5.a Sort common objects into categories (e.g., shapes, foods) to gain a sense of the concepts the categories represent.CC.K.L.5.b Demonstrate understanding of frequently occur-ring verbs and adjectives by relating them to their opposites (antonyms).CC.K.L.5.c Identify real-life connections between words and their use (e.g., note places at school that are colorful).CC.K.L.6 Use words and phrases acquired through conversa-tions, reading and being read to, and responding to texts.
Language comprehension
L.48.2 Understand increasingly com-plex sentences that include 2 - 3 concepts (e.g. “Put the blue pa-per under the box.”)
L.48.2 Understand increasingly complex sentences that include 2 - 3 concepts (e.g. “Put the blue paper under the box.”)
Strand: Use language (Expressive language)Vocabulary L.48.3 Use accepted
words for objects, actions and attri-butes encountered frequently in both real and symbolic contexts
L.60.3 Use an increasing variety and specificity of accepted words for objects, actions and attributes encountered in both real and symbolic contexts
L.48.4 Use simple pronouns (I, me, you, mine, he, she)
L.48.5 Begin to use some words that are not a part of every-day conversational speech but that are learned through books and personal experiences (e.g., gigantic, rapidly, frus-trated, transportation, race or jog)
L.60.4 Use more complex words learned through books and personal experiences (e.g., label favorite shirt as chartreuse, or know that a paleontologist studies dinosaurs)
Expressing ideas, feelings and needs
L.48.6 Communicate about current or removed events and/or objects
L.60.5 Use more complex words to describe the relationships between objects and ideas (e.g. position words such as under, beside and comparative words such as bigger or longer)
CC.K.SL.4 Describe familiar people, places, things, and events. and, with prompting and support, provide additional detail.CC.K.SL.5 Add drawings or other visual displays to descrip-tions as desired to provide additional detail.CC.K.SL.6 Speak audibly and express thoughts, feelings, and ideas clearly.L.48.7 Use increas-
ingly longer, complex sentences that combine phrases or concepts to commu-nicate ideas
Appendix D: Early Learning and Development Standards to Common Core State Standards Alignment — English Language Arts
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Language Structure
L.48.8 Use basic grammar rules in-cluding irregular past tense and questions
Note: Variations in applying grammar rules may be due to dual language learn-ing and/or alternative grammar usage by their family
L.60.6 Use basic grammar rules including subject-verb agreement, tenses, regular & irregular past tense, irregular plurals
Note: Variations in applying grammar rules may be due to dual language learning and/or alterna-tive grammar usage by their family
CC.K.L.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when speaking.
CC.K.L.1.a Print many upper- and lowercase letters. CC.K.L.1.b Use frequently occurring nouns and verbs. CC.K.L.1.c Form regular plural nouns orally by adding /s/ or /es/ (e.g., dog, dogs; wish, wishes).CC.K.L.1.d Understand and use question words (interroga-tives) (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how).CC.K.L.1.e Use the most frequently occurring prepositions (e.g., to, from, in, out, on, off, for, of, by, with).CC.K.L.1.f Produce and expand complete sentences in shared language activities.
L.48.7 Use increas-ingly longer, complex sentences that combine phrases or concepts to commu-nicate ideas
Strand: Use language for social interactionConventions of Conversation
L.48.10 Maintain a topic of conversation over the course of several turns
L.60.8 Initiate, maintain and end conversations by repeating what other person says and/or asking questions
CC.K.SL.1 Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about kindergarten topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups.
CC.K.SL.1.a Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., listening to others and taking turns speaking about the topics and texts under discussion).CC.K.SL.1.b Continue a conversation through multiple exchanges.
CC.K.SL.2 Confirm understanding of a text read aloud or infor-mation presented orally or through other media by asking and answering questions about key details and requesting clarifica-tion if something is not understood.CC.K.SL.3 Ask and answer questions in order to seek help, get information, or clarify something that is not understood.
Use Language to Interact
L.48.11 Answer sim-ple who, what, where and why questions
L.60.9 Use language to share idea and gain information
Strand: Book Appreciation and KnowledgeShow interest and engage with books
L.48.12 Select fiction and non-fiction books to be read and attend with interest
L.60.10 Independently choose to ‘read’ books and select a variety of texts, including fiction and nonfiction
CC.K.R.F.4 Read emergent-reader texts with purpose and understanding.CC.K.R.I.10 Actively engage in group reading activities with purpose and understanding.CC.K.R.L.10 Actively engage in group activities with purpose and understanding.
Understands stories or information
L.48.12 Demonstrate comprehension of through retelling with use of pictures and props, acting out main events or share information learned from nonfiction text
L.60.9 With prompting and sup-port, retell familiar stories, includ-ing story elements (e.g. setting, characters, events) and/or shares key details from informational text
CC.K.R.I.1 With prompting and support, ask and answer ques-tions about key details in a text.CC.K.R.I.2 With prompting and support, identify the main topic and retell key details of a text.CC.K.RL.1 With prompting and support, ask and answer ques-tions about key details in a text.CC.K.RL. 2 With prompting and support, retell familiar stories, including key details.CC.K.R.L.3 With prompting and support, identify characters, setting and major events in a story.
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Stories or information may be shared through oral storytelling, sharing of pictures and/or books
L.48.13 Ask and answer simple who, what, where and why questions related to story or text
L.60.10 Ask and answer who, what, where and why questions related to story or text
CC.K.R.I.3 With prompting and support, describe the con-nection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text.
L.60.11 Use connections between self and character experience and emotions to increase comprehen-sion
Strand: Knowledge of Print and Its UsesBook Concepts L.48.14 Looks at pag-
es of a book from left to right (or according to conventions of home language)
L.60.12 Know how print is read (left to right, top to bottom, front to back or according to convention of home language)
CC.K.R.F.1 Demonstrate understanding of the organization and basic features of print.CC.K.R.F.1.a Follow words from left to right, top to bottom, and page by page.CC.K.R.I.4 With prompting and support, ask and answer ques-tions about unknown words in a text.CC.K.R.I.5 Identify the front cover, back cover, and title page of a book.CC.K.R.I.6 Name the author and illustrator of a text and define the role of each in presenting the ideas or information in a text.CC.K.R.L.4 Ask and answer questions about unknown words in a text.CC.K.R.L.5 Recognize common types of texts (e.g. storybooks, poems).CC.K.R.L.6 With prompting and support, name the author and il-lustrator of a story and define the role of each in telling the story.CC.K.R.I.7 With prompting and support, describe the relation-ship between illustrations and the text in which they appear (e.g., what person, place, thing, or idea in the text an illustration depicts).CC.K.R.I.8 With prompting and support, identify the reasons an author gives to support points in a text.CC.K.R.I.9 With prompting and support, identify basic similarities in and differences between two texts on the same topic (e.g., in illustrations, descriptions, or procedures).CC.K.R.L.7 With prompting and support, describe the relation-ship between illustrations and the story in which they appear (e.g., what moment in a story an illustration depicts). CC.K.R.L.9 With prompting and support, compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories.
L.48.15 Recognizes that print represents spoken words (i.e., first name in print, environmental labels)
L.60.13 Know that books have titles, authors, illustrators or photographers
L.60.14 Recognize words as a unit of print and that letters are grouped to form words
Print Concepts
L.48.16 Identify some printed words and/or common symbols (e.g. bathroom signs) in the context of the environment
L.60.15 Identify some familiar printed words out of context
CC.K.R.F.3 Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.
CC.K.R.F.3.a Demonstrate basic knowledge of letter-sound correspondences by producing the primary or most frequent sound for each consonant. CC.K.R.F.3.b Associate the long and short sounds with the common spellings (graphemes) for the five major vowels.CC.K.R.F.3.c Read common high-frequency words by sight. (e.g., the, of, to, you, she, my, is, are, do, does).CC.K.R.F.3.d Distinguish between similarly spelled words by identifying the sounds of the letters that differ.
L.60.16 Begins to use awareness of letter sounds along with pictures to read words in text
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LetterRecognition
L.48.17 Recognize some letters especial-ly those in one’s own name
L.60.17 Recognize and names known letters of the alphabet in familiar and unfamiliar words
CC.K.R.F.1.b Recognize that spoken words are represented in written language by specific sequences of letters.CC.K.R.F.1.c Understand that words are separated by spaces in print.CC.K.R.F.1.d Recognize and name all upper- and lowercase letters of the alphabet.
L.60.18 Make some letter-sound connections
Strand: Phonological Awareness:Phonological Awareness
L.48.18 Recognize rhyming words in songs, chants, or poems.
L.60.19 Produce rhyming words or words that have same initial sound.
CC.K.R.F.2 Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, sylla-bles, and sounds (phonemes)
CC.K.R.F.2.a Recognize and produce rhyming words.CC.K.R.F.2.b Count, pronounce, blend, and segment sylla-bles in spoken words.CC.K.R.F.2.c Blend and segment onsets and rhymes of single-syllable spoken words.CC.K.R.F.2.d Isolate and pronounce the initial, medial vowel, and final sounds (phonemes) in three-phoneme (consonant-vowel-consonant, or CVC) words.* (This does not include CVCs ending with /l/, /r/,or /x/.) CC.K.R.F.2.e Add or substitute individual sounds (pho-nemes) in simple, one-syllable words to make new words.
L.48.19 Identify when initial sounds in words are the same.
L.60.20 Recognize which words in a set of words begin with the same sound.
L. 48.20 Distinguish individual words in a sentence.
L.60.21 Distinguish syllables in words
Strand: Conveying meaning through drawing, letters and wordsConveying meaning through drawing, letters and words
L.48.21 Draw or “writes” to convey an idea, event or story. “Writing” involves scribbles, letters and/or letter-like shapes (e.g. make pretend list, or use their words to dictate a message to communicate with others)
L.60.22 Draw original stories with a beginning, middle and end
CC.K.W.1 Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose opinion pieces in which they tell a reader the topic or the name of the book they are writing about and state an opinion or preference about the topic or book (e.g., My favorite book is . . .).CC.K.W.2 Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose informative/explanatory texts in which they name what they are writing about and supply some information about the topic.CC.K.W.3 Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to narrate a single event or several loosely linked events, tell about the events in the order in which they occurred, and pro-vide a reaction to what happened. CC.K.W.5 Production and Distribution of Writing: With guidance and support from adults, respond to questions and suggestions from peers and add details to strengthen writing as needed.CC.K.W.6 Production and Distribution of Writing: With guidance and support from adults, explore a variety of digital tools to pro-duce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.CC.K.W.7 Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., explore a number of books by a favorite author and ex-press opinions about them).CC.K.W.8 Research to Build and Present Knowledge: With guidance and support from adults, recall information from expe-riences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.
L.48.22 Writing is distinct from drawing and combines scrib-bles with letter-like forms
L.60.23 Use early developmental spelling; may use one letter for the initial or final sound to represent whole word
CC.K.L.2 Demonstrate command of the convention of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.CC.K.L.2.a Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the pronoun I. CC.K.L.2.b Recognize and name end punctuation. CC.K.L.2.c Write a letter or letters for most consonant and short-vowel sounds (phonemes).
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Mathematics Early Learning and Development Standards Common Core State Standards in Mathematics
3 to 4 years 4 to 5 years Kindergarten
Strand: Understand Counting and Cardinality
Number names
M.48.1 Say or sign the number sequence up to at least 10
M.60.1 Say and sign the number sequence up to at least 20
K.CC.1. Count to 100 by ones and by tens.K.CC.2. Count forward beginning from a given number within the known sequence (instead of having to begin at 1.)
Cardinality M.48.2 Count up to at least five objects using one-to-one correspondence, using the number name of the last object counted to represent the total number of objects in a set
M.60.2 Count up to 10 objects using one-to-one correspondence, regardless of configuration, using the number name of the last object counted to represent the total number of objects in a set
K.CC.4. Understand the relationship between numbers and quantities; connect counting to cardinality.
a. When counting objects, say the number names in the standard order, pairing each object with one and only one number name and each number name with one and only one object.b. Understand that the last number name said tells the number of objects counted. The number of objects is the same regardless of their arrangement or the order in which they were counted.c. Understand that each successive number name refers to a quantity that is one larger.
M.48.3 Count out a set of objects up to 4
M.60.3 Count out a set of objects up to 5
K.CC.5. Count to answer “how many?” questions about as many as 20 things arranged in a line, a rectangular array, or a circle, or as many as 10 things in a scattered configuration; given a number from 1–20, count out that many objects.
Written Numerals
M.48.4 Recognize written numerals up to at least five
M.60.4 Recognize written numerals up to at least 10
K.CC.3. Write numbers from 0 to 20. Represent a number of objects with a written numeral 0-20 (with 0 representing a count of no objects).
Recognizing quantities
M.48.5 Recognize and name, without counting, the number of objects in small groups of at least 3 or 4 objects
M.60.5 Quickly recognize and name, without counting, the number of objects in collections of up to at least five items
Appendix E: Early Learning and Development Standards to Common Core State Standards Alignment — Mathematics
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Comparison M.48.6 Compare sets of 1-5 objects using a visual matching or counting strategy and describing the comparison as more, less than, or the same
M.60.6 Compare sets of up to 10 objects using a visual matching or counting strategy and describing the comparison as more, less than, or the same
K.CC.6. Identify whether the number of objects in one group is greater than, less than, or equal to the number of objects in another group, e.g., by using matching and counting strategies.* (* Include groups with up to ten objects.)K.CC.7. Compare two numbers between 1 and 10 presented as written numerals.
Strand: Understand and describe relationships to solve problems (operations and algebraic thinking)
Number operations
M.48.7 Understand that adding to (or taking away) one or more objects from a group will increase or decrease the objects in the group
M.60.7 Use real-world situations and concrete objects to model and solve addition (e.g., putting together) and subtraction (e.g., taking away) problems up through 5 M.60.8 Recognize and describe parts contained in larger numbers by composing number combinations up to at least five (e.g. an recognize how many have been secretly taken away from a group of five objects)
K.NBT.1. Compose and decompose numbers from 11 to 19 into ten ones and some further ones, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each composition or decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 18 = 10 + 8); understand that these numbers are composed by ten ones and one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, or nine ones.K.OA.1. Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings*, sounds (e.g., claps), acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.* Drawings need not show details, but should show the mathematics in the problem. (This applies wherever drawings are mentioned in the Standards.)K.OA.2. Solve addition and subtraction word problems, and add and subtract within 10, e.g., by using objects or drawings to represent the problem.K.OA.3. Decompose numbers less than or equal to 10 into pairs in more than one way, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record each decomposition by a drawing or equation (e.g., 5 = 2 + 3 and 5 = 4 + 1).K.OA.4. For any number from 1 to 9, find the number that makes 10 when added to the given number, e.g., by using objects or drawings, and record the answer with a drawing or equation.K.OA.5. Fluently add and subtract within 5.
Strand: Understand the attributes and relative properties of objects (measurement and data)
See Attributes, Sorting and Patterns strand in Cognition
Measurement M.48.8 Recognize measurable attribute of an object such as length, weight or capacity
M.60.9 Compare the measurable attributes of two or more objects (e.g., length, weight and capacity) and describe the comparison using appropriate vocabulary (e.g., longer, shorter, same length, heavier, lighter, same weight, holds more, holds less, holds the same amount)
K.MD.1. Describe measurable attributes of objects, such as length or weight. Describe several measurable attributes of a single object.K.MD.2 Directly compare two objects with a measurable attribute in common, to see which object has “more of”/”less of” the attribute, and describe the difference. For example, directly compare the heights of two children and describe one child as taller/shorter.
M.60.10 Begin to use strategies to determine measurable attributes (length or capacity of objects); may use comparison, standard or non-standard measurement tools
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Data M.48.9 Sort objects into two groups, counts, and compares the quantity of the groups formed (e.g., indicates which is more)
M. 60.11 Represent data using a concrete object or picture graph according to one attribute
Sorting and Classifying
M.48.10 Sort and classify objects by one attribute into two or more groups (e.g. color, size, shape)
M.60.12 Sort and classify a set of objects on the basis of one attribute independently and describe the sorting rule; can re-sort and classify the same set up objects based on a different attribute
K.MD.3. Classify objects into given categories; count the numbers of objects in each category and sort the categories by\ count. **** Limit category counts to be less than or equal to 10.
Strand: Understand shapes and spatial relationships (geometry and spatial sense)
Spatial relationships
M.48.11 Use positional vocabulary (e.g., up/down, in/out, on/off, under) to identify and describe the location of an object
M.60.13 Use relational vocabulary of proximity (e.g., beside, next to, between, above, below, over and under) to identify and describe the location of an object
K.G.1. Describe objects in the environment using names of shapes, and describe the relative positions of these objects using terms such as above, below, beside, in front of, behind, and next to.K.G.2. Correctly name shapes regardless of their orientations or overall size.K.G.3. Identify shapes as two-dimensional (lying in a plane, “flat”) or three-dimensional (“solid”).K.G.4. Analyze and compare two- and three-dimensional shapes, in different sizes and orientations, using informal language to describe their similarities, differences, parts (e.g., number of sides and vertices/“corners”) and other attributes (e.g., having sides of equal length).
Identifying shapes
M.48.12 Identify 2- dimensional shapes (starting with familiar shapes such as circle and triangle) in different orientations and sizes
M.60.14 Identify and describe a variety of 2- dimensional and 3- dimensional shapes with mathematical names (e.g., ball/sphere, box/rectangular prism, can/cylinder) regardless of orientation and size
Composing shapes
M.48.13 Combine two or more shapes to create a new shape or to represent an object in the environment
M.60.15 Complete a shape puzzle or a new figure by putting multiple shapes together with purpose
K.G.5. Model shapes in the world by building shapes from components (e.g., sticks and clay balls) and drawing shapes.K.G.6. Compose simple shapes to form larger shapes. For example, “Can you join these two triangles with full sides touching to make a rectangle?”
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