what evil spirit have you familiarity with? none. have you made no contract with the devil? no
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What evil spirit have you familiarity with?None.
Have you made no contract with the devil?No.
Why do you hurt these children?I do not hurt them. I scorn it.
Who do you imploy then to do it?I imploy no body.
What creature do you imploy then?No creature. I am falsely accused.
* 1953•based on actual facts;•terrifying depiction of how the accusations of a group of children stirred up such fear in their small community that it led to persecution and hangings
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW
In 1692, 19 men and women were hanged for witch craft.
One man named Giles Corey was pressed to death under a huge boulder because he refused to stand trial.
Most people were hanged on Gallows Hill in 1692.
Some more people died in prison waiting for trial.
In 1692, 19 men and women were hanged for witch craft.
One man named Giles Corey was pressed to death under a huge boulder because he refused to stand trial.
Most people were hanged on Gallows Hill in 1692.
Some more people died in prison waiting for trial.
HOW IT ALL STARTED…HOW IT ALL STARTED…
A small girl fell sick in 1692. Her “fitts”—convulsions, contortions, and outbursts of gibberish—baffled everyone. Other girls soon manifested the same symptoms. Their doctor could suggest but one cause. Witchcraft.
A small girl fell sick in 1692. Her “fitts”—convulsions, contortions, and outbursts of gibberish—baffled everyone. Other girls soon manifested the same symptoms. Their doctor could suggest but one cause. Witchcraft.
The beginningThe beginning
the Puritans of New England scoured their souls—and those of their neighbors—for even the faintest stains. These stern, godly folk were ready to stare down that roaring lion till Judgment Day saw him vanquished.
the Puritans of New England scoured their souls—and those of their neighbors—for even the faintest stains. These stern, godly folk were ready to stare down that roaring lion till Judgment Day saw him vanquished.
SALEMSALEM
Salem was divided into a prosperous town—second only to Boston—and a farming village. The two bickered again and again. The villagers, in turn, were split into factions that fiercely debated whether to seek ecclesiastical and political independence from the town.
Salem was divided into a prosperous town—second only to Boston—and a farming village. The two bickered again and again. The villagers, in turn, were split into factions that fiercely debated whether to seek ecclesiastical and political independence from the town.
LIFE in SalemLIFE in Salem
The events of 1692 took place during a difficult and confusing period for Salem Village.
Salem was under British rule and was awaiting a new governor, but by the time the governor William Phips arrived the jails were filled with alleged witches.
The events of 1692 took place during a difficult and confusing period for Salem Village.
Salem was under British rule and was awaiting a new governor, but by the time the governor William Phips arrived the jails were filled with alleged witches.
In 1689 the villagers won the right to establish their own church and chose the Reverend Samuel Parris, a former merchant, as their minister. His rigid ways and seemingly boundless demands for compensation—including personal title to the village parsonage—increased the friction.
Many villagers vowed to drive Parris out, and they stopped contributing to his salary in October 1691.
In 1689 the villagers won the right to establish their own church and chose the Reverend Samuel Parris, a former merchant, as their minister. His rigid ways and seemingly boundless demands for compensation—including personal title to the village parsonage—increased the friction.
Many villagers vowed to drive Parris out, and they stopped contributing to his salary in October 1691.
Seeking release from the tension choking their family, Parris’s nine-year-old daughter, Betty, and her cousin Abigail Williams delighted in the mesmerizing tales spun by Tituba, a slave from Barbados. The girls invited several friends to share this delicious, forbidden diversion. Tituba’s audience listened intently as she talked of telling the future.
Seeking release from the tension choking their family, Parris’s nine-year-old daughter, Betty, and her cousin Abigail Williams delighted in the mesmerizing tales spun by Tituba, a slave from Barbados. The girls invited several friends to share this delicious, forbidden diversion. Tituba’s audience listened intently as she talked of telling the future.
in February 1692 Betty Parris began having “fitts” that defied all explanation. So did Abigail Williams and the girls’ friend Ann Putnam. Doctors and ministers watched in horror as the girls contorted themselves, cowered under chairs, and shouted nonsense. The girls’ agonies “could not possibly be Dissembled,” declared the Reverend Cotton Mather, one of the brightest stars in the Massachusetts firmament.
in February 1692 Betty Parris began having “fitts” that defied all explanation. So did Abigail Williams and the girls’ friend Ann Putnam. Doctors and ministers watched in horror as the girls contorted themselves, cowered under chairs, and shouted nonsense. The girls’ agonies “could not possibly be Dissembled,” declared the Reverend Cotton Mather, one of the brightest stars in the Massachusetts firmament.
Lacking a natural explanation, the Puritans turned to the supernatural—the girls were bewitched.
Prodded by Parris and others, they named their tormentors: a disheveled beggar named Sarah Good, the elderly Sarah Osburn, and Tituba herself. Each woman was something of a misfit. Osburn claimed innocence. Good did likewise but fingered Osburn. Tituba, recollection refreshed by Parris’s lash, confessed—and then some.
Lacking a natural explanation, the Puritans turned to the supernatural—the girls were bewitched.
Prodded by Parris and others, they named their tormentors: a disheveled beggar named Sarah Good, the elderly Sarah Osburn, and Tituba herself. Each woman was something of a misfit. Osburn claimed innocence. Good did likewise but fingered Osburn. Tituba, recollection refreshed by Parris’s lash, confessed—and then some.
The HANGINGSThe HANGINGS
Beliefs About WitchesBeliefs About Witches
Under British law, the basis for Massachusetts Bay Colony legal structure in the 17th century, those who were accused of consorting with the devil were considered felons, having committed a crime against their government. The punishment for such a crime was hanging.
Under British law, the basis for Massachusetts Bay Colony legal structure in the 17th century, those who were accused of consorting with the devil were considered felons, having committed a crime against their government. The punishment for such a crime was hanging.
Afflicted or AccusedAfflicted or Accused
The "afflicted" were those supposedly "possessed" and "tormented"; it was they who accused or "cried out" the names of those who were supposedly possessing them.
The "afflicted" were those supposedly "possessed" and "tormented"; it was they who accused or "cried out" the names of those who were supposedly possessing them.
PURITANSPURITANS
Strong feelings for democracy Ethusiasm for education Fervor for social reform Aware that financial gain is not a
sufficient goal to have in life
Strong feelings for democracy Ethusiasm for education Fervor for social reform Aware that financial gain is not a
sufficient goal to have in life
PURITANSPURITANS
Church Church was the cornerstone of 17th
century life in New England. Most of the people in Massachusetts
were Puritans and it was against the law not to attend church.
Church took long hours where men and women sat on opposite sides of the room.
Church Church was the cornerstone of 17th
century life in New England. Most of the people in Massachusetts
were Puritans and it was against the law not to attend church.
Church took long hours where men and women sat on opposite sides of the room.
ClergyClergy Powerful temporal as well as
spiritual force Civil Powers began to decline and
many felt the need to reassert their warning authority
Powerful temporal as well as spiritual force
Civil Powers began to decline and many felt the need to reassert their warning authority
Reverend Parris Reverend Parris
StatesHe has “fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me”
StatesHe has “fought here three long years to bend these stiff-necked people to me”
PURITANSPURITANS
Puritans believed that God was as real as the Devil.
They believed that God would punish people for their sins. So if somebody had a sick child or bad crops they would not help them at all.
They saw the bad misfortune as God’s will and would not help.
Puritans believed that God was as real as the Devil.
They believed that God would punish people for their sins. So if somebody had a sick child or bad crops they would not help them at all.
They saw the bad misfortune as God’s will and would not help.
PURITANSPURITANS
If you didn’t conform, you made a covenant with the devil!
The puritans really had a fear of the unknown too! Unknown American wilderness Strangeness of native inhabitants
If you didn’t conform, you made a covenant with the devil!
The puritans really had a fear of the unknown too! Unknown American wilderness Strangeness of native inhabitants
Miller’s depiction of Puritans:
Miller’s depiction of Puritans:
Strict Self-righteous and inflexible Judgmental and unyielding attitude
toward anyone different
Strict Self-righteous and inflexible Judgmental and unyielding attitude
toward anyone different
He also suggests:He also suggests:
That Puritans were preverse and only knew PERSECUTION
They did not practice what they preached
They practiced what they knew They forced beliefs upon any
person who was not schooled in their religion!
That Puritans were preverse and only knew PERSECUTION
They did not practice what they preached
They practiced what they knew They forced beliefs upon any
person who was not schooled in their religion!
Miller’s Views:Psychological reasons
for “witch hunts”
Miller’s Views:Psychological reasons
for “witch hunts”
1.) Backlash of repression that occurs when too much freedom threatens a state that has had control
1.) Backlash of repression that occurs when too much freedom threatens a state that has had control
2.) Opportunity to seek vengeance on neighbors for former wrongs
3.) Opportunity to vent secret guilt
2.) Opportunity to seek vengeance on neighbors for former wrongs
3.) Opportunity to vent secret guilt
Arthur Aster Miller was born on October 17, 1915.
Miller was born in New York City into a Jewish family.
Miller and his family moved to Brooklyn in 1929, because his father’s business failed.
Miller graduated from high school but quit college after only two weeks.
Arthur Aster Miller was born on October 17, 1915.
Miller was born in New York City into a Jewish family.
Miller and his family moved to Brooklyn in 1929, because his father’s business failed.
Miller graduated from high school but quit college after only two weeks.
Miller worked a variety of jobs until 1934 when he was accepted into the University of Michigan where he studied journalism.
In 1936 he changed his major to English when he won a Hopwood award in Drama for his play, No Villain.
Several of his plays were performed in Ann Arbor and Detroit, MI before his graduation in 1938.
Miller worked a variety of jobs until 1934 when he was accepted into the University of Michigan where he studied journalism.
In 1936 he changed his major to English when he won a Hopwood award in Drama for his play, No Villain.
Several of his plays were performed in Ann Arbor and Detroit, MI before his graduation in 1938.
In 1940 Miller married Mary Grace Slattery.
In 1944 his first child Jane was born. Then in 1947 his son Robert was born. In 1956, he divorced Slattery and married
Marilyn Monroe. In 1961, he divorced Marilyn Monroe. He remarried the next year to Inge
Morath and had their daughter Rebecca in 1963.
In 1940 Miller married Mary Grace Slattery.
In 1944 his first child Jane was born. Then in 1947 his son Robert was born. In 1956, he divorced Slattery and married
Marilyn Monroe. In 1961, he divorced Marilyn Monroe. He remarried the next year to Inge
Morath and had their daughter Rebecca in 1963.
MILLER in the 40sMILLER in the 40s
In 1947 his play All My Sons premiered. He also went to work for minimum wage assembling boxes.
In 1948 he wrote Death of a Salesman, and it premiered the next year winning many awards.
Death of a Salesman is probably his most famous play to date.
In 1947 his play All My Sons premiered. He also went to work for minimum wage assembling boxes.
In 1948 he wrote Death of a Salesman, and it premiered the next year winning many awards.
Death of a Salesman is probably his most famous play to date.
Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953. The Crucible told of the witch trials in
Salem, Massachusetts It was seen as a metaphor for his views
on contemporary McCarthyite red-baiting.
After that, he wrote; A View from the Bridge, After the Fall, The Misfits, and The American Clock.
Miller wrote The Crucible in 1953. The Crucible told of the witch trials in
Salem, Massachusetts It was seen as a metaphor for his views
on contemporary McCarthyite red-baiting.
After that, he wrote; A View from the Bridge, After the Fall, The Misfits, and The American Clock.
At age 89 in 2004, Miller debuted yet another work, Finishing the Picture, at New York’s Goodman Theater.
Arthur Aster Miller died on February 10, 2005 of congestive heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut.
At age 89 in 2004, Miller debuted yet another work, Finishing the Picture, at New York’s Goodman Theater.
Arthur Aster Miller died on February 10, 2005 of congestive heart failure at his home in Roxbury, Connecticut.
Studying the NovelStudying the Novel
POINT OF VIEW third person objective point of
view. The characters do not address the
audience in the first person.
POINT OF VIEW third person objective point of
view. The characters do not address the
audience in the first person.
RealismRealism
It refers to specific time and place, which correspond to real historical times, and places.
It also refers to real historical issues and themes.
It refers to specific time and place, which correspond to real historical times, and places.
It also refers to real historical issues and themes.
RealismRealism
extends the application of its themes beyond the limits of its specific historical time and place.
Miller's play has a specific 17th century and a specific 20th century allusion and also a more general significance.
extends the application of its themes beyond the limits of its specific historical time and place.
Miller's play has a specific 17th century and a specific 20th century allusion and also a more general significance.
Post-World War II AmericaPost-World War II America
Cold War anxieties about Russia and Communism
Reactionary movement away from liberalism
Public denunciation of one's own or others' radicalism
Cold War anxieties about Russia and Communism
Reactionary movement away from liberalism
Public denunciation of one's own or others' radicalism
Miller: "When the McCarthy period started... what we were going through was a kind of a ritual which had almost a religious overtone.... the people that they were accusing of being un-American or treasonous either hadn't been, or what they had really believed in was a common belief only seven or eight years before this...."
Miller: "When the McCarthy period started... what we were going through was a kind of a ritual which had almost a religious overtone.... the people that they were accusing of being un-American or treasonous either hadn't been, or what they had really believed in was a common belief only seven or eight years before this...."
McCarthyMcCarthy
Conspiracy theories Righteous accusations: private
vengeance and public justice Mass hysteria
Conspiracy theories Righteous accusations: private
vengeance and public justice Mass hysteria
Miller's involvementMiller's involvement
MR ARENS: "Tell us, if you please, sir, about those meetings with the Communist party writers which you said you attended in New York City. . . Can you tell us who was there when you walked into the room?"
MR ARENS: "Tell us, if you please, sir, about those meetings with the Communist party writers which you said you attended in New York City. . . Can you tell us who was there when you walked into the room?"
Mr. MillerMr. Miller
"Mr. Chairman, I understand the philosophy behind this question and I want you to understand mine. When I say this, I want you to understand that I am not protecting the Communists or the Communist Party. I am trying to, and I will, protect my sense of myself. I could not use the name of another person and bring trouble on him . . . I take the responsibility for everything I have ever done, but I cannot take responsibility for another human being."
"Mr. Chairman, I understand the philosophy behind this question and I want you to understand mine. When I say this, I want you to understand that I am not protecting the Communists or the Communist Party. I am trying to, and I will, protect my sense of myself. I could not use the name of another person and bring trouble on him . . . I take the responsibility for everything I have ever done, but I cannot take responsibility for another human being."
PlotPlot
Act I: Tituba and Abigail start the process of confession/accusation.
Act 2: Abigail's plan to have Elizabeth Proctor arrested for witchcraft succeeds.
Act 3:Proctor and Giles Cory are thwarted in their attempts to rescue their respective wives.
Act 4: Proctor's struggle with his conscience and with injustice leads him to choose death, a choice finally endorsed by Elizabeth.
Act I: Tituba and Abigail start the process of confession/accusation.
Act 2: Abigail's plan to have Elizabeth Proctor arrested for witchcraft succeeds.
Act 3:Proctor and Giles Cory are thwarted in their attempts to rescue their respective wives.
Act 4: Proctor's struggle with his conscience and with injustice leads him to choose death, a choice finally endorsed by Elizabeth.
ExpositionExposition
Act I Situation introduced Girls in forest - dancing initial incident is the actual
accusing of the women of witchcraft by the several girls that were in the forest.
Act I Situation introduced Girls in forest - dancing initial incident is the actual
accusing of the women of witchcraft by the several girls that were in the forest.
TheocracyTheocracy
Rule by God through religious officials
Moral laws and state laws are = Sin and the status of one’s soul is
public Public will punish for individual
private sin (punishment is public)
Rule by God through religious officials
Moral laws and state laws are = Sin and the status of one’s soul is
public Public will punish for individual
private sin (punishment is public)
Act IAct I
Paris’ position established Witchcraft rumors Reverend Hale called Abigail’s reputation questioned Putnam’s problems revealed
Thomas - grudges Ann- involvement with Tituba
Paris’ position established Witchcraft rumors Reverend Hale called Abigail’s reputation questioned Putnam’s problems revealed
Thomas - grudges Ann- involvement with Tituba
Act IAct I
Servants - Mercy Lewis Mary Warren FEAR EXPOSED Abigail lies - wakes betty Abigail’s threats
Servants - Mercy Lewis Mary Warren FEAR EXPOSED Abigail lies - wakes betty Abigail’s threats
Act IAct I
Proctor’s believes all to be foolish; seems to be uneasy; scolds servant; affirms the end of relationship with abigail; threatens her
Rebecca & Francis Nurse - respected Francis and Thomas dispute
mentioned Fearful of disputes to come from withcraft
talk Giles Corey- dispute over money
Proctor’s believes all to be foolish; seems to be uneasy; scolds servant; affirms the end of relationship with abigail; threatens her
Rebecca & Francis Nurse - respected Francis and Thomas dispute
mentioned Fearful of disputes to come from withcraft
talk Giles Corey- dispute over money
Act IAct I
Hale- Questions Parris, Corey, and Abigail
Abigail accuses Tituba Putnam starts list and Tituba
accuses Sarah Good and Goody Osburn
Abigail and Betty add to list
Hale- Questions Parris, Corey, and Abigail
Abigail accuses Tituba Putnam starts list and Tituba
accuses Sarah Good and Goody Osburn
Abigail and Betty add to list
Important PointsImportant Points
Interpersonal feuds Religious offices Sexual behavior Paranoia Supernatural forces Importance of reputation Guilt by association
Interpersonal feuds Religious offices Sexual behavior Paranoia Supernatural forces Importance of reputation Guilt by association
Important PointsImportant Points
Role of Girls Hypocrisy Jealousy and resentment No one accepts personal responsibility-
“The devil made me do it!” They pass the guilt Confess truthful, repressed feelings
Role of Girls Hypocrisy Jealousy and resentment No one accepts personal responsibility-
“The devil made me do it!” They pass the guilt Confess truthful, repressed feelings
Rising Action & ClimaxRising Action & Climax
Witch hunt the accusing of the Proctors of
witchcraft. They try to get their servant to confess what she did in the forest with the other girls, but when they come into court, she turns her back on Proctor and returns to the side of the girls. The tension continues until the trial and the speeches made before the execution.
Witch hunt the accusing of the Proctors of
witchcraft. They try to get their servant to confess what she did in the forest with the other girls, but when they come into court, she turns her back on Proctor and returns to the side of the girls. The tension continues until the trial and the speeches made before the execution.
falling action and the denouement
falling action and the denouement
the actual execution where John Proctor upholds his innocence and goes to the gallows
the actual execution where John Proctor upholds his innocence and goes to the gallows
Drama as ConflictDrama as Conflict
Drama may be described as a confrontation between two opposed forces which is resolved only with the destruction of that for which empathy may be felt, a character and/or a set of values.
Drama may be described as a confrontation between two opposed forces which is resolved only with the destruction of that for which empathy may be felt, a character and/or a set of values.
Varieties of Conflict in the Play
Varieties of Conflict in the Play
Religious Oppositions God versus Satan; Good versus evil.
Theocratic Oppositions The Judges versus the `witches'; The accusers versus the accused; The innocent versus the guilty; Earthly justice versus Heavenly justice.
.
Religious Oppositions God versus Satan; Good versus evil.
Theocratic Oppositions The Judges versus the `witches'; The accusers versus the accused; The innocent versus the guilty; Earthly justice versus Heavenly justice.
.
ConflictsConflicts
Secular Oppositions The Putnams versus the town; Mrs Putnam versus Rebecca Nurse; Abigail (and her girls) versus society; Abigail versus Elizabeth/John Proctor.
Secular Oppositions The Putnams versus the town; Mrs Putnam versus Rebecca Nurse; Abigail (and her girls) versus society; Abigail versus Elizabeth/John Proctor.
ConflictsConflicts
Conflicts involving Proctor Proctor versus Abigail: his affections; Proctor versus Elizabeth: his loyalty/their marriage; Proctor versus Hale: his Christianity; Proctor versus Mary Warren: her testimony; Proctor versus Danforth: his confession/his life; John Proctor's life versus his soul: his salvation
Conflicts involving Proctor Proctor versus Abigail: his affections; Proctor versus Elizabeth: his loyalty/their marriage; Proctor versus Hale: his Christianity; Proctor versus Mary Warren: her testimony; Proctor versus Danforth: his confession/his life; John Proctor's life versus his soul: his salvation
Reverend ParrisReverend Parris
in his middle forties widower and has a daughter named
Betty who is ten years old. Abigail Williams’ uncle. His function in the play is to bring out
the hatred and frenzy in the townspeople.
He does not have many real friends in the village.
in his middle forties widower and has a daughter named
Betty who is ten years old. Abigail Williams’ uncle. His function in the play is to bring out
the hatred and frenzy in the townspeople.
He does not have many real friends in the village.
Reverend ParrisReverend Parris
Parris is gullible, uncaring, and villainous.
He cares more about his reputation than truth.
He says, “They’ve come to overthrow the court, sir!” This shows his susceptibility to the lies of the girls and his fervor to get the accused executed.
Parris is gullible, uncaring, and villainous.
He cares more about his reputation than truth.
He says, “They’ve come to overthrow the court, sir!” This shows his susceptibility to the lies of the girls and his fervor to get the accused executed.
ParrisParris
Passive Knows information and withholds
information during act I He is not respected by Act III He shows fear Concerned with material
possessions
Passive Knows information and withholds
information during act I He is not respected by Act III He shows fear Concerned with material
possessions
Thomas PutnamThomas Putnam
Vidictive Deeply embittered and resentful
man who feels his own reputation has been sullied
Ill will between putnam and nurse family
Dispute with Proctor over ownership of land
Vidictive Deeply embittered and resentful
man who feels his own reputation has been sullied
Ill will between putnam and nurse family
Dispute with Proctor over ownership of land
Ann PutnamAnn Putnam
Laid 7 children in earth She arouses audience sympathy
initially Her grief allows her to charge
Rebecca Nurse Becomes a party to the villainy
Laid 7 children in earth She arouses audience sympathy
initially Her grief allows her to charge
Rebecca Nurse Becomes a party to the villainy
DanforthDanforth
Intelligent Perceptive Strong-willed He will not change Has the power, but does not want
to lose face
Intelligent Perceptive Strong-willed He will not change Has the power, but does not want
to lose face
John ProctorJohn Proctor
a farmer in his middle thirties He has a wife and two sons. His function in the play is to be an
example of a sinner who is able to accept and confess of his sin to do good.
He refuses to confess to witchcraft when doing so would have saved his life.
a farmer in his middle thirties He has a wife and two sons. His function in the play is to be an
example of a sinner who is able to accept and confess of his sin to do good.
He refuses to confess to witchcraft when doing so would have saved his life.
John ProctorJohn Proctor
Self- aware “the puritans not only felt, but
constantly referred his feelings to concepts, to codes and ideas of social and ethical importance”
Rebecca Nurse and Giles important to Proctor and his decision
Self- aware “the puritans not only felt, but
constantly referred his feelings to concepts, to codes and ideas of social and ethical importance”
Rebecca Nurse and Giles important to Proctor and his decision
Distortion of Proctor:Distortion of Proctor:
age 60—> 35 leader of opposition = “basically Proctor’s
story” (AM) tragic flaw: lust, being sexual with Abigail execution delayed from Aug. to Sept (play) motivation in opposing trials: in reality his son
Wm. Proctor was tortured (not to defend the wife he has wronged & whose life he has placed in jeopardy through alleged affair with Abigail)
age 60—> 35 leader of opposition = “basically Proctor’s
story” (AM) tragic flaw: lust, being sexual with Abigail execution delayed from Aug. to Sept (play) motivation in opposing trials: in reality his son
Wm. Proctor was tortured (not to defend the wife he has wronged & whose life he has placed in jeopardy through alleged affair with Abigail)
ElizabethElizabeth
A wronged wife Does not believe in withces Astute judge of character Homemaker Will risk damnation of her immortal
soul by lying to protect her husband
A wronged wife Does not believe in withces Astute judge of character Homemaker Will risk damnation of her immortal
soul by lying to protect her husband
ElizabethElizabeth
Confesses to a sense of some responsibility for her husband’s transgressions
She comes to know herself She recognizes and understands
her husband’s motivation in the end
Confesses to a sense of some responsibility for her husband’s transgressions
She comes to know herself She recognizes and understands
her husband’s motivation in the end
HaleHale
Intellectual Scholarly minister burdened by books He recognizes the falsity of his actions He recognizes his part in the
occurrences Guilty; repentant; takes action
“he grieves among them that will be hanged”
Intellectual Scholarly minister burdened by books He recognizes the falsity of his actions He recognizes his part in the
occurrences Guilty; repentant; takes action
“he grieves among them that will be hanged”
Abigail WilliamsAbigail Williams
Is an orphan; lives with her uncle; 17 serves the purpose to start the plot and
keep it moving Introduces the idea of witches in the
village to the townspeople, and keeps it moving by constantly accusing more women and plays upon the fears of the townspeople.
cunning, conniving, and deceitful
Is an orphan; lives with her uncle; 17 serves the purpose to start the plot and
keep it moving Introduces the idea of witches in the
village to the townspeople, and keeps it moving by constantly accusing more women and plays upon the fears of the townspeople.
cunning, conniving, and deceitful
Distortion of AbigailDistortion of Abigail
age 11—> 17 clearly a fraud and a slut, sexually promiscuous dancing in woods, practicing voodoo affair with John Proctor saw parents massacred by Indians in their bed
runs off with her uncle’s money before trials are
over prostitute in Boston
age 11—> 17 clearly a fraud and a slut, sexually promiscuous dancing in woods, practicing voodoo affair with John Proctor saw parents massacred by Indians in their bed
runs off with her uncle’s money before trials are
over prostitute in Boston
TitubaTituba
was at the center of the group of girls practicing a variant of voodoo derived from African folklore
beyond her confession there is no evidence that she ever took part in occult activities and no proof of girls dancing in woods or drinking blood or sticking pins in dolls;
was at the center of the group of girls practicing a variant of voodoo derived from African folklore
beyond her confession there is no evidence that she ever took part in occult activities and no proof of girls dancing in woods or drinking blood or sticking pins in dolls;
TitubaTituba
“a slave originating from the West Indies and probably practicing ‘hoodoo’”
the domesticated outsider who rejects Puritan society and its cold values: “Oh, it be no Hell in Barbados. Devil, him be pleasureman in Barbados, him be singin’ and dancin’ in Barbados. It’s you folks—you riles him up ‘round here; it be too cold ‘round here for that Old Boy. He freeze his soul in Massachusetts [...]”
“a slave originating from the West Indies and probably practicing ‘hoodoo’”
the domesticated outsider who rejects Puritan society and its cold values: “Oh, it be no Hell in Barbados. Devil, him be pleasureman in Barbados, him be singin’ and dancin’ in Barbados. It’s you folks—you riles him up ‘round here; it be too cold ‘round here for that Old Boy. He freeze his soul in Massachusetts [...]”
Tituba’s importanceTituba’s importance
confession created model for resistance through manipulation of Puritan fears: Puritans were predisposed to believe that
Indians worshipped the Devil- Tituba supplied proof of diabolical conspiracy in Massachusetts = framework for witch trials
confession created model for resistance through manipulation of Puritan fears: Puritans were predisposed to believe that
Indians worshipped the Devil- Tituba supplied proof of diabolical conspiracy in Massachusetts = framework for witch trials
Accepted WisdomAccepted Wisdom
Tituba was at the center of the group of girls practicing a variant of voodoo derived from African folklore but beyond her confession there is no evidence that she ever took part in occult activities and no proof of girls dancing in woods or drinking blood or sticking pins in dolls
Tituba was at the center of the group of girls practicing a variant of voodoo derived from African folklore but beyond her confession there is no evidence that she ever took part in occult activities and no proof of girls dancing in woods or drinking blood or sticking pins in dolls
DistortionsDistortions
Sarah Good: confesses in play & not hanged Elizabeth Proctor: managed an inn—> farmer’s wife
alone at home Ann & Thos. Putnam: older; motivation = power of
choosing minister, pride Ann Putnam, jr. = Ruth Putnam Giles Corey: death = put before Proctor’s John Hale: in reality, scepticism came later = when his
own wife was accused honorifics: confuses Goody with Missus
Sarah Good: confesses in play & not hanged Elizabeth Proctor: managed an inn—> farmer’s wife
alone at home Ann & Thos. Putnam: older; motivation = power of
choosing minister, pride Ann Putnam, jr. = Ruth Putnam Giles Corey: death = put before Proctor’s John Hale: in reality, scepticism came later = when his
own wife was accused honorifics: confuses Goody with Missus
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