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Sanitation Capacity Building Platform

What is Fecal Sludge ManagementManagement

Sanitation Capacity Building Platform

What is Fecal Sludge ManagementManagement

Urban Sanitation Situation in India(Census 2011)

On Site Sanitation and

Household Toilet81.4%

% of fresh water resource which is being used for drinking purpose is

Sewage contributes 60% of total pollution load.% of total domestic wastewater is generated in Class-I cities.CPCB Report, 2009

Septic tanks38.2%

Pit Latrines 8.8%

Safe Disposal

31% (11467 MLD out of 38,254 MLD from Class I&II towns)

SewerageConnection

Insanitary (Dry & Bahao) Latrines

1.7%

Source : MOUD

Urban Sanitation Situation in India

and Sewerage

No Household Toilets

18.6%

Community

contaminated.

Community Toilets

6%

Open Defecatio

31% (11467 MLD out of 38,254 MLD from Class I&II towns)

Unsafe Disposal

69 %

SewerageConnection

32.7%

Sanitation Sanitation Sanitation Sanitation SystemsSystemsSystemsSystems

Non-Sewered

Sanitation System

Fecal Sludge

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De-Centralized

Wastewater

Treatment System

(DEWATS)

Fecal Sludge

Fecal Sludge Management

SystemsSystemsSystemsSystems

Sewered

Sanitation system

Wastewater

Centralized

Wastewater

Treatment

Centralized

Wastewater

Treatment System

(DEWATS)

Wastewater

User Interface

ExcretaStorage

Emptying and

Transport

Fecal Sludge Management

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TreatmentUse or

Disposal

FSM

WC to

sewer

33%

TransportCollectionContainment

Urban India

17%

covered pits, VIPs

On-site

facility

Septic tanks,

covered pits, VIPs

etc.

Open defecation

(including open

pits)

Unsafely

emptied

or discharged

Source: Census

9%9%

17%

81% Local area and beyond, via drains

Treatment Reuse/ disposalTransport

Not treated to standard

Treated

Leakage

Sewer coverage No of Cities % of popu

<10 % 191 16.45%

10 - 30% 158 20.10%

30 - 60% 75 24.22%

>60% 78 39.23%

100%88%

Not treated

but unknown

where it goes

Not treated

but unknown

where it goes

41% 14%

Leakage

17%

Receiving

WatersLocal area and beyond, via drains

User Interface

ExcretaStorage

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• Open-defecation

• Poorly designed septic tanks do not comply with designs prescribed by BIS

• Effluent goes straight into open drains or soak

not comply with designs prescribed by BIS

Effluent goes straight into open drains or soak pits - Contamination

Questions

What type of septic tanks does your city have?

Are the septic tanks built as per the specifications in the

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Are the septic tanks built as per the specifications in the

building by-laws?

Who builds the sceptic tanks?

What type of septic tanks does your city have?

Are the septic tanks built as per the specifications in the Are the septic tanks built as per the specifications in the

Septic tank diagram

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Emptying and

Transport

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• Manual emptying

• Difficult to purchase equipment

• No training, no hygiene, learn on the

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Difficult to purchase equipment

training, no hygiene, learn on the spot

Questions

Who and how are septic tanks emptied?

How often are they emptied?

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How often are they emptied?

Who and how are septic tanks emptied?

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• No treatment

Contamination

Treatment

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No treatment – Disposal on fields or surface water –

Contamination – Public Health

Questions

How is the fecal sludge treated?

Where is it disposed?

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Where is it disposed?

Do you have a functional sewage treatment plant?

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Do you have a functional sewage treatment plant?

Technology OptionsTechnology OptionsTechnology OptionsTechnology Options

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Motorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportSenegal and Cameroon

(Credit: Linda Strande)

Motorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and Transport

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(Credit: Linda Strande)

(Credit: Linda Strande)

Motorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportBangladesh

Motorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and TransportMotorized Collection and Transport

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(Credit: Sandec/Eawag)

Emptying Technology Options Emptying Technology Options Emptying Technology Options Emptying Technology Options – Manual EmptyingManual EmptyingManual EmptyingManual Emptying

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Manual EmptyingManual EmptyingManual EmptyingManual Emptying

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Motorized TransportMotorized TransportMotorized TransportMotorized Transport

(Credit: Moritz Gold)

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(Credit: Moritz Gold)

Lusaka, Zambia

Manual TransportManual TransportManual TransportManual Transport

(Credit: WSUP (2014): FSM services in Lusaka: moving up the

excreta management ladder)

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(Credit: Research Triangle Institute)

Haiti

CoCoCoCo----Composting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment Site20

Composting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment SiteComposting Treatment Site

Bangladesh

Planted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment Site21

Planted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment SitePlanted Drying Beds Treatment Site

Uganda

Drying Beds Treatment SiteDrying Beds Treatment SiteDrying Beds Treatment SiteDrying Beds Treatment Site22

Senegal

Solar Drying Treatment SiteSolar Drying Treatment SiteSolar Drying Treatment SiteSolar Drying Treatment Site23

Afghanistan

Biogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment Site24

Biogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment SiteBiogas Reactor Treatment Site

South Africa

Disposal SiteDisposal SiteDisposal SiteDisposal Site25

Fecal sludge can be used for various purposes.

Fecal Sludge UseFecal Sludge UseFecal Sludge UseFecal Sludge Use

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Treated fecal

sludge used as a

soil conditioner

AgricultureAgricultureAgricultureAgriculture

Anaerobic

digestion

produces biogas

BiogasBiogasBiogasBiogas

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Briquette made

from fecal

sludge can

replace wood

Solid FuelSolid FuelSolid FuelSolid Fuel

Chickens love

larvae

ProteinProteinProteinProtein

Implementation ModelsImplementation ModelsImplementation ModelsImplementation Models

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A Financial A Financial A Financial A Financial Flow Flow Flow Flow DiagramDiagramDiagramDiagram

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Financial FlowFinancial FlowFinancial FlowFinancial Flow

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Outline Outline Outline Outline of the Meetingof the Meetingof the Meetingof the Meeting

1.1.1.1.IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

2.2.2.2.Decentralized Decentralized Decentralized Decentralized sanitationsanitationsanitationsanitation

3.3.3.3.Sanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building Platform

4.4.4.4.Next stepsNext stepsNext stepsNext steps

sanitationsanitationsanitationsanitation

Sanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building Platform

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Design of PlatformDesign of PlatformDesign of PlatformDesign of Platform

Objective: To build the capacity of cities and other stakeholders working in

urban sanitation to ensure improved delivery of sanitation services through

decentralized approach.

Assess the needs

Develop a capacity building

programme

Coordinate with

partners

: To build the capacity of cities and other stakeholders working in

urban sanitation to ensure improved delivery of sanitation services through

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Coordinate with

partners

Provide customized

capacity building activities

Monitor the progress

Platform partnersPlatform partnersPlatform partnersPlatform partners

Assess the needs

Develop a capacity building

programme

Coordinate with

partners

Coordinate with

partners

Provide customized

capacity building activities

Monitor the progress

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Outline Outline Outline Outline of the Meetingof the Meetingof the Meetingof the Meeting

1.1.1.1.IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

2.2.2.2.Sanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building Platform

3.3.3.3.Decentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitation

4.4.4.4.Next stepsNext stepsNext stepsNext steps

Sanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building PlatformSanitation Capacity Building Platform

Decentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitationDecentralized sanitation

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Next stepsNext stepsNext stepsNext steps

Exposure visit and FSM workshop in Bangalore

NIUA and Partners will work with the city on FSM

Strategy followed by DPRStrategy followed by DPR

Exposure visit and FSM workshop in Bangalore

NIUA and Partners will work with the city on FSM

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