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What is Fundamental?

Prof. Abd. Aziz TajuddinDekan Penyelidikan Pelantar Sains Fundamental /

Pengerusi JK Sains FundamentalUniversiti Sains Malaysia

What is Fundamental Research?

Research leading to the advancement of knowledge in the areas of human and natural sciences

The research should focus on:– accumulation of theories– fundamental structures– fundamental processes

IMPORTANCE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

It contributes towards the advancement of knowledge.

It leads

to new discoveries and technological inventions in science.

It is the road to achieving the Nobel Laureate prize.

Definition of Fundamental Research

“A principle (research) which serves as the groundwork of a system, going to the root of the matter, serving as a base or foundation; essential, primary, original (basic knowledge) from which others are derived.”

Norazmi Mohd Nor 2002

“Basic Research is the engine that drives medical advances”

Prof. E.D. MillerDean & CEO of John Hopkin’s University School of Medicine

Excellent Fundamental Research produces new knowledge & ideas • that change the way people think• that endure, and• that are widely used by others

Office of Basic Energy Sciences, DOE, USA

Basic research or fundamental research (sometimes pure research)

is research

carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles. Many times the end results have no direct or immediate commercial benefits: basic research can be thought of as arising out of curiosity. However, in the long term it is the basis for many commercial products and applied research. Basic research is mainly carried out by universities and research institutes though some commercial companies do get involve at times.

Curiosity•

To answer the question

Curiosity•

Basic (aka fundamental or pure ) research is driven by a scientist's curiosity or interest in a scientific question. The main motivation is to expand man's knowledge , not to create or invent something. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic research.

For example, basic science investigations probe for answers

to questions such as:•

How did the universe begin?

What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of?

How do slime molds reproduce? •

What is the specific genetic code of the fruit fly?

Most scientists believe that a basic, fundamental understanding of all branches of science is needed in order for progress to take place.

In other words, basic research lays down the foundation for the applied science that follows. If basic work is done first, then applied spin-offs often eventually result from this research.

Dr. George Smoot

of LBNL says, "People cannot foresee the future well enough to predict what's going to develop from basic research. If we only did applied research, we would still be making better spears."

There have been many historical examples in which basic research has played a vital role in the advancement

of scientific knowledge. Here are just a few important

examples:

Our understanding of genetics and heredity is largely due to the studies of Gregor Mendel, who studied pea plants in the 1860's, and the experiments with fruitflies by T.H. Morgan in the early 20th century. These organisms were used because it was easier to design experiments using pea plants and fruitflies than using higher forms of life. (Fruitflies are still being used today in the Human Genome Project!)

DNA has been called the "ladder of life". Today, the double-helix structure of DNA is routinely introduced in middle school life science classes, but in the early 1950's, the structure of DNA was still being determined. Using data gathered from the previous basic research of other scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structural design

of the DNA molecule in 1953.

Determining DNA's structure was vital to our understanding of how DNA worked.

•Many of today's electrical devices (e.g., radios, generators and alternators) can trace their roots to the basic research conducted by Michael Faraday in 1831. He discovered the principle of electromagnetic induction, that is, the relationship between electricity and magnetism. •At LBNL's Advanced Light Source, x-rays are used to help us to probe into very tiny samples of materials. But our understanding of the properties of x-rays began with the fundamental experiments of Wilhelm Rontgen

in 1895.

In 1931, Earnest O. Lawrence

invented the first functional cyclotron, a device that would allow scientists to accelerate atomic particles to incredible speeds. Soon after, the Berkeley National Laboratory was established. Subsequent basic research at LBNL led to the discovery of many radioactive isotopes. Some of these isotopes --

such as carbon-14, cobalt-

60, hydrogen-3 (tritium), iodine-131, and technetium- 99 --

later became vital research tools used by

biologists, paleontologists, and archeologists, or as aids in the medical treatment

of various diseases.

Radio-isotope research at LBNL also included the creation of 15 of the so-called "heavy" (transuranic) elements. Albert Ghiorso, co-discoverer of 12 heavy elements, explains why

the pursuit of new manmade

elements is a worthwhile venture.

Each of these scientists was trying to learn about the basic nature of the phenomena that they were studying. Only today can we see the vast implications of their research!

The distinction between basic and applied research isn't always clear. It sometimes depends on your perspective or point of view. According to Dr. Ashok Gadgil of LBNL, one way to look at it is to ask the following question: "How long will it be before some practical application results from the research ?"

If a practical use is only a few years away, then the work can be defined as strictly applied research.

If a practical use is still 20-50 years away, then the work is somewhat applied and somewhat basic in nature.

If a practical use cannot be envisioned in the foreseeable future, then the work can be described as purely basic research.

For example, for some time now, a fair amount of research has been underway on developing fusion reactors to provide a controlled energy source for cities. There is a clear applied goal to this work, yet there are so many technical obstacles to overcome that it may be another 30 to 50 years before we see a functional fusion reactor

in use.

The development of fusion energy could be regarded as both basic and applied research.

Superconductivity is another research area that falls into this gray zone. Most conductors of electricity are not very efficient; some energy is lost as heat as the electricity passes through the (typically metallic) conductor. Superconductors are materials that lose little or no energy as electricity passes through them. However, the earliest superconductors had to be cooled with expensive liquid helium to temperatures below -

269 �C to work properly. Newer materials have been developed in recent years that show superconductive properties at much warmer temperatures, requiring only inexpensive liquid nitrogen to be sufficiently cooled.

Clearly, the development of new superconductive materials falls into the realm of basic research. However, if and when superconductive materials are developed that can be used as easily as copper wire, many important practical applications will soon follow, including providing electricity to cities much more efficiently.

A proposal to do fundamental research in the

arts and social sciences must reflect the following elements:

Strong, clear and explicit theoretical underpinning•

distinguishable from research that is purely applied in nature

an empirical component that is clearly directed at exploring the theoretical concerns of the research

having the ultimate aim of revisiting, reconstructing, or building new theoretical, conceptual or paradigmatic knowledge bases in the arts and social sciences

31 Disember, 2009

FRGS FASA 1 / 2010

Latar Belakang/Sejarah

Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi (KPT) telah memperuntukkan dana sebanyak RM 200 juta di bawah Rancangan Malaysia ke-Sembilan (RMK-9) bagi melaksanakan Skim Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental IPTA (FRGS) untuk diagihkan kepada institusi – institusi Pengajian Tinggi Awam (IPTA). Terdapat dua bentuk geran yang boleh dipohon di bawah FRGS iaitu:-

(i) Projek-projek yang dipohon oleh penyelidik melalui kepada Pengurusan Penyelidikan di IPTA masing- masing;

(ii) Projek-projek yang dikenalpasti oleh pihak jawatankuasa Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental secara Top Down.

Inception of FRGS Grant•

RM100 million grant has been given to MoE to promote fundamental research and was mentioned RM200 millions under RM9 for MOHE.

RM32 millions has been distributed to IPTAs.

USM has received RM3 million for this purpose in 2002 and RM4 millions in 2003 out of which RM1 millions has been allocated top-down and RM7.8 millions for 2006

Objektif

•Penyelidikan Fundamental merupakan penyelidikan asas yang dilakukan untuk tempoh satu jangka masa, berterusan dan tidak menghasilkan manfaat dalam jangka masa yang singkat.

•Penyelidikan ini juga bertujuan untuk menggalakkan penerokaan idea/ konsep/ teori baru yang seterusnya akan menjadi pemangkin kepada penemuan baru, perkembangan ilmu dan penciptaan yang inovatif dan terkini.

Demarcation: basic/fundamental versus applied research:

not at all clear cut•

inextricably inter-twined

hybrid of new knowledge generation and subsequent exploitation

major innovation -

rarely possible without prior generation of new knowledge founded on basic research

strong scientific discipline + strong collation = generation of knowledge and application

Basic/Fundamental ScienceValue/definition of basic scientific research:

fundamental theoretical or experimental investigative research to advance investigative research to advance knowledge without a specifically envisaged or immediately practical application

the quest for new knowledge and the exploration of the unknown

naively perceived as unnecessary luxury that can simply replaced by applied research top more directly address immediate need

Retard basic research = stifle innovation and application New scientific knowledge :

fostering innovation & economic growth •

sound foundation for education and training

Investment in basic research (ARGUEABLY) : •

why not focus primarily / exclusively on the existing information to develop applied solution ?

superficially (such approach) facilitated by the emergence of global society (internet access)

merit for a short-term (may be)?

Neglecting basic and applied research is seriously flawed! WHY?

Basic & Applied Research: a continuum and interdependent

integration of B&A research is crucial to problem solving, innovation, and product development

Knowledge is more than information –

transfer of scientific knowledge requires well –

trained

(cognitive capability, skills and training) scientists at both ends of the exchange

excessive dependency on foreign B&A research rarely likely lead to solving local problems

Charting future research: Globalization and participation

“…a country with no basic scientific research capacity effectively excludes itself from having any real influence on the future directions of science…”

Antarctica

Global knowledge economy:

Thriving scientific community to generate new knowledge and to exploit (academia and industry –

irrefutable)

Exploitation and application of scientific information requires skilled scientists with good understanding of the basic theories and practice of science

Adequate investment in Basic&Applied research is critical

WHY???

“…

support for basic science is not something that can be postponed or diminished when times are hard in the misplaced hope that applied research alone will provide a better return…”

ICSU2004

Bidang Penyelidikan

Bidang-bidang keutamaan bagi Penyelidikan Fundamental ialah:-

A. Sains Tulen B. Sains Gunaan C. Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan D. Sains Perubatan (termasuk kajian klinikal) E. Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan F. Sastera dan Sastera Ikhtisas G. Natural Sciences and National Heritage (Geologi,

Arkeologi,Taxonomi, Biodiversiti, Ekologi dll)

Kriteria Pemilihan

Setiap permohonan Geran Penyelidikan Fundamental harus memenuhi kriteria seperti berikut:-

(i) Penyelidikan yang dipohon merupakan projek yang dapat menghasikan sesuatu idea baru yang akan dapat membangunkan satu penyelidikan yang lain.

(ii) Penyelidikan yang merangkumi isu-isu kemanusiaan dansains sosial bagi tujuan peningkatan nilai kehidupan sejagat.

(iii) Penyelidikan yang akan dapat menambahbaik sesuatupolisi dan metodologi penyelesaian yang sedia ada.

(iv) Projek penyelidikan yang merupakan niche IPTA sertaprojek-projek strategik negara (national interest) yang mampumembangun sesuatu industri bagi kepentingan negara.

RESULTS OF FIRST EXCERCISE

Statistics of Applications (2002)

•A total of 174 applications from 21 Schools, Centers and Units were received.

Detailed Results

Number of approved applications

Number of projects rejected

Percentage of Success ~57%

Amount of money disbursed

RM4,929,026

Results Of Second Exercise

( 2003)

Statistics of Applications

• A total of 128 applications from 26 Schools, Centers and Units were received

Detailed Results (2003)Number of Approved Applications 36

(RM3,015,458.00)Number of KIV cases 25

(RM2,410,775.69)Number of Projects rejected 59

Number of Conditional Approval 8 (RM751,515.00)

Percentage of Success 28%

Amount of Money Disbursed RM 3,015,458.00

Results Of MOHE Exercise

( 2006)

FRGS FASA I / 2006

PERMOHONAN FRGS YANG DITERIMA DAN DIPROSES

Bil Perkara Jumlah Keseluruhan

1. Jumlah Permohonan Diterima

2. Jumlah Permohonan Diperakui Peringkat Jawatankuasa FRGS

3. Jumlah Permohonan Ditolak

4. Geran FRGS Top Down 1

5. Jumlah Permohonan Dihantar Ke Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi

Keputusan Permohonan FRGS 2006

Peruntukan yang diluluskan oleh KPT

Jenis Projek Peruntukan Lulus (RM)

Projek-projek dalam kategori A -

D 7,932,025.54

TOP-DOWN 4,039,780.00

Kategori A (Highly Recommended)Bilangan Pusat Pengajian Bilangan

Penerima

1. Ilmu Kemanusiaan 6

2. Ilmu Pendidikan 3

3. IPPT 1

4. ISDEV 2

5. Kajian Samudera & Pantai 1

6. Kejuruteraan Aeroangkasa 1

7. Kejuruteraan Awam 1

8. Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral 5

9. Kejuruteraan Elektrik & Elektronik 2

10. Kejuruteraan Kimia 8

11. Pengurusan 3

12. Perumahan, Bangunan & Perancangan 2

13. Sains Farmasi 2

14. Sains Kajihayat 5

15. Sains Kemasyarakatan 1

16. Sains Kesihatan 2

17. Sains Kimia 14

18. Sains Perubatan 2

19. Teknologi Industri 2

JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 63

Kategori B (Recommended)

Bilangan Pusat Pengajian Bilangan Penerima

1. Sains kimia 2

Kategori C (Pembudayaan Penyelidikan)

1. Bah. Pembangunan Koporat & Lestari 1

2 . Ilmu Kemanusiaan 5

3 . ISDEV 1

4 . Kajian Samudera & Pantai 1

5 . Kejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral 2

6 . Kejuruteraan Kimia 1

7 . Kejuruteraan mekanik 1

8 . Pendidikan Jarak Jauh 3

9 . Pengurusan 3

10 . Penyelidikan & Pembangunan Wanita 1

11 . Sains Farmasi 3

12 . Sains Fizik 3

14 . Sains Kimia 2

15 . Sains Komputer 3

16. Sains Matematik 14

17 . Sains Perubatan 7

18 . Teknologi Industri 2

Kategori D (Not Fundamental)

1. Kajian Samudera & Pantai 1

2. Pendidikan jarak jauh 1

4. Sains Kesihatan 1

Rumusan Bilangan Projek Yang Berjaya dan Amaun

FASA Bilangan Permohonan Yang Diluluskan

Jumlah Peruntukan Yang Diluluskan

2006 138 8,956,069.12

2007 182 12,905,820.00

2008 27 2,536,516.00

2009 13 579,270.00

JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 360 24,977,675.12

Rumusan Bilangan Projek Yang Berjaya dan Amaun

FASA Bilangan Permohonan Yang Diluluskan

Jumlah Peruntukan Yang Diluluskan

2002 63 4,929,026.00

2003 36 3,015,458.00

2006- 2009

360 24,977,675.12

JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 459 32,922,159.12

GUIDE TO WRITING

FRGS APPLICATION

Contents

Research background•

Objectives

Methodology•

Expected Outcomes

Importance & Benefits of Research•

Project costs & Tips on preparing budget

Overall Tips•

Evaluation criteria

Tailor your research such that it deals with solving problem at the

fundamental level

This is very important

What studies constitute Fundamental Level Research?

Physics/Engineering-atomic, electronic, molecular, atomic bonding, thermodynamic, material responses, interaction, transition.

Biology/Medicine/Pharmacy-cells, biological mechanism, genes, protein/nucleic acid interaction, neuron activity, cell activation.

What studies constitute Fundamental Level Research?

Chemistry-related fields-synthesis (chemical interaction), structural behavior, electronics, atomic, ions, molecules, molecular properties.

Mathematics-pure mathematical theories.

Research Background•

Remember that you are not writing a thesis.

Must be brief, yet thorough enough to support the need for the project

Show you have done a thorough literature search. A background description must include:–

whether a similar study has been done before? If so, where, how, & what were the findings

state your rationale for conducting the current project

Give references•

Must indicate potential for success

Research Background (cont.)

Do not reinvent the wheel

Make sure its impact-oriented or it leads to an advancement of knowledge

Be innovative

Objectives

Specific objectives are important since it relates to the milestone achievements of the project.

Objectives set could be carried out within the duration of the grant.

Objectives (cont.)

Use result-oriented words, e.g.,–

To define …

To classify …–

To determine …

To assess …–

To develop …

Example of FR (Physics)

To develop a new mathematical formalism to explain/understand a certain physical phenomenon.

To understand and classify a new phase transition in a material.

Example of FR (Medical Sciences)

To identify the cytokines secreted by Th1 and Th2 cell subsets.

To determine the role of macrophage in artherosclerosis.

Example of FR (Kemanusiaan)•

Pengelompokan leksikostatistik bahasa-

bahasa bumiputera di Sarawak•

On defining the model of spatial distribution and diffusion of Melanau Language family along Rejang-Baram rivers

Sistem bacaan USM•

The psychoragraphic clusters of Malaysian domestic travellers

Example of FR (Kemanusiaan)•

Developing a model of flood hazards on urban floodplains in Malaysia

Toward a nurturant-task model of leadership in Malaysia: a contingency approach

Example of FR (Pendidikan)•

Kajian pembinaan dan pentaksiran kerangka kepekaan nombor murid sekolah rendah tahap 1

Tahap kefahaman Bahasa Melayu murid- murid sekolah rendah

Learning English in rural secondary schools: difficulties, learning styles, strategies and motivation

Interaction model in video conferencing learning environment in distance education

Example of FR (Pendidikan)•

Tahap penguasaan kemahiran menulis dalam Bahasa Melayu melalui Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Rendah (KBSR)

Example of FR (Sastera)•

Tapak Bukit Bunuh Lenggong Perak –

sumbangan kepada kebudayaan paleolitik dunia

Prehistoric trade, exchange and culture contact between Bukit Tengkorak and other sites in South East Asia and the Pacific Region

Methodology•

Include relevant details :–

What do you plan to do to achieve the research objectives?

How, when & why?–

Study location

Sample size / number of tests to be done–

Need approval from govt. ministries? Attach an approval letter.

Provide a timetable & flow-chart of your research design

Methodology (cont’d)

State the logical progression of the work towards fulfilling the objectives

State your end-points/milestones of the project, & when you plan to achieve them

Milestones are important since they are used in monitoring progress of projects

State the risk and duration of the project

Expected Outcome

Define clearly the expected results.•

Examples for Physics:–

Development of a new mathematical formalism for a dipole switching process

Classification of a new phase transition•

Examples for Medical Sciences:–

Identification of cytokines secreted by Th1 and Th2 cells

Understanding the role of macrophage in artherosclerosis

Importance and Benefits of Research

Explain how your proposed research contributes to the advancement of new knowledge.

Examples:–

Leads to a better understanding of the subject involved

The research findings lead to an explanation of a certain process that has never been clearly explained before

Example for physics: it leads to a discovery of a new type of phase transition in a material

Example for medical sciences: it leads to a better understanding of T cell function

Project Costs (New guidelines)•

Prepare proposed project costing for 36 month duration.

Proposed budget must not exceed RM100,000 per year for MOHE FRGS. USM RU RM250k/RM1(team)/RM5m (cluster)

Tips on Preparing Budget•

Put items in their right vote.–

Conference fees in vote 29000

Please itemize all proposed items in each vote.–

Specify conferences to attend i.e. national or international.–

If chemicals are needed, append a complete list.–

Be specific about items/equipments proposed under vote 35000.

Name the required software e.g. MATHEMATICA,PLOTIT etc.

Clearly describe each equipment. The best is to provide justification for each. E.g. Why PC or notebook is required?

Tips on Preparing Budget (cont.)

Guideline on quantum of RM for certain votes and popular items:–Read the instructions properly

because they keep on changing it from phase to phase due to constructive feedbacks

Overall Tips to Increase Your Chances of Success

Include a milestone list in your application

Give a Gantt chart in line with your milestone list

Please include your latest version CV and CV’s of your co-

researchers

Evaluation Criteria•

The research is FUNDAMENTAL

Applicants must have good research track records: publications & previous findings.

Are young academic staff

encouraged to apply? Special consideration

will be given based

on the viability of the project.•

Research leader and team capability.

Viability

of research plan.•

The budget

proposed must be reasonable.

Utilization of existing

/ available infrastructure.

FRGS 2002 - 2005

Statistik Permohonan Berjaya•

99 permohonan FRGS daripada 19 Pusat Pengajian dan Pusat Penyelidikan telah diluluskan dengan peruntukan sebanyak RM 6 juta.

1 1 12 2 2

3 3 3 34 4 4 4

Bil. P

Pusat Pengajian/Pusat Penyelidikan

Kejuruteraan Awam PengurusanPerumahan, Bangunan & Perancangan Pusat Penyelidikan ArkeologiKejuruteraan Mekanik Sains FizikKejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral Kejuruteraan Elektrik & ElektronikSains Farmasi Sains KomputerIlmu Pendidikan Ilmu KemanusiaanKejuruteraan Kimia Teknologi IndustriPendidikan Jarak Jauh Sains BiologiSains Kimia Sains MatematikSains Perubatan, Kesihatan dan Pergigian

OUTPUT FRGS 2002-2005

Penerbitan

Jurnal ISI Jurnal Lain

Siswazah Penyelidik

PhD MSc Pra- Siswazah

11 37 60

“FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AT USM 2002-2005”

FRGS FASA 1/2006FRGS FASA 1/2006

LAPORAN LAPORAN KESELURUHAN FRGS KESELURUHAN FRGS

FASA 1/2006FASA 1/2006

LAPORAN KESELURUHAN FRGS FASA 1/2006LAPORAN KESELURUHAN FRGS FASA 1/2006

LAPORAN KESELURUHANSEHINGGA 31 DIS 2007

NUMBER OF ARTICLESNUMBER OF ARTICLES

23 21 16 15 10 6 5 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 0 4 0 0 0 0

USMUKM UM

UMTUiTM

UPMUIAM

UNIMAP

UMSUTHM

UMPUNIM

ASUPSIUTeMUSIMUDM

ISI Index Journal ISI Non Index Journal

PAPER PRESENTATIONSPAPER PRESENTATIONS12

1 0 0 0

2 0 0 02

USM UM

UMTUNIM

APUTHM

UTeMUNIM

UPSIUSIM

BILINTERNATIONAL NATIONAL

PEMBANGUNAN PEMBANGUNAN MODAL INSAN MODAL INSAN

(Sehingga 31 Disember 2007)(Sehingga 31 Disember 2007)

FRGS FASA 1/2006FRGS FASA 1/2006

HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENTHUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

9 8 72 2 2 1 0 0 0 01

1 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

UTM UM

UiTMUNIM

UMTUTH

UPSIUUM

UNIMAS

UDM IPTA

ON GOING GRADUATED

PhD STUDENTPhD STUDENT

26 23 22

4 4 3 1 0 0 0 08

37 4 2 3 3 4

0 0 0 0 0 0 00

UTM UM

UMTUIA

UMSUNIM

APUiTMUTH

UMPUPSIUUM

UNIMAS

BILON GOING GRADUATED

MSc STUDENTMSc STUDENT

26 23 22

4 4 3 1 0 0 0 0

37 4 2 3 3 4

0 0 0 3 0 0 00

UTM UM

UMSUNIM

UiTMUTHM

UPSIUUM

UNIMAS

UTeM USIM

ON GOING GRADUATED

Undergraduate Final Year ProjectUndergraduate Final Year Project

6 6 5 4 2 2 0 2 40 1 0

1915 12 11

5 3 1 1 0 00

USM UM

UMSUNIM

APUTHM

UUMUNIM

UMPUTeM UPSI

Temporary Research OfficerTemporary Research Assistant

Temporary ResearchTemporary Research

BIL IPTA PERATUS PERBELANJAAN (%)

1 UPM 30.64

2 USM 33.24

3 UKM 30.19

4 UiTM 36.66

5 UTM 43.74

6 UM 56.82

7 UIAM 28.49

8 UMT 50.55

9 UMS 45.16

10 UNIMAP 54.12

11 UTHM 23.27

12 UNIMAS 52.5

13 UUM 39.33

14 UMP 37.44

15 UPSI 39.96

16 UTEM 58.29

17 USIM 0

18 UDM 74.81

JUMLAH KESELURUHAN 40.85

PERATUS PERBELANJAAN PERUNTUKAN FRGS FASA 1/2006PERATUS PERBELANJAAN PERUNTUKAN FRGS FASA 1/2006

PERATUSAN PERBELANJAANPERATUSAN PERBELANJAAN

UDMUTe

M UMUNIM

APUNIM

UTM UPSIUUM

UMPUiTM

Observations and Findings :

a) Complete and clear in terms of objectives, methodology and expected out-and comply with the definition of FR

b) Not clear and could not be classified as FRc) Complete and clear in terms of objective, methodology and

expected out-put, but could not be classified as FRd) Satisfy the equipments but the proposed budget is too high –

the committee recommended for other sources of funding (MOSTI)

e) Do not satisfy the requirements as the proposals more inclined towards applied research in nature

f) Incomplete application forms – partly due to the nature of assessment conducted at the respective IPTAs

Observations and findings (cont.): more specific-not recommended:

g) Nature of projects more on monitoring and survey type h) Already at the product development stage i) Incomplete of application form including detailed costing j) No endorsement from the authority (e.g. RMC or DVC)k) Classified under different field and category

Way Forward: Recommendations for the future improvement

a) Niche areas considered as top-down projects; natural history issue (biodiversity, taxonomy, ecology, archaeology and geology)

b) Those projects (a) should be given a priorityc) Pure and applied sciences should be further

subdivided or categorized – physical, biological, biochemical, environmental, mathematical, bioprocess and chemical processing

Sekian…

http://www.usm.my/r&d/download.htm

what is fundamental? - universiti sains malaysia 03 - prof... · what is fundamental ... latar...

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