what is stem cell research?
Post on 02-Jun-2015
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Stem cell technologiesCurrent state
Future promiseWhere UCI fits in to the Post Prop.
71 world of biotechnology development in California
Proposition 71: Purpose and Intent
• Create California Institute for Regenerative Medicine.
Oversight by Independent Citizen’s Oversight Committee (ICOC).
• Support the development of technologies involving pluripotent stem cell and progenitor cell.
Prohibit human reproductive cloning
Proposition 71: Funds
• Funding details
Authorizes an average of $295 million per year in bonds over a 10-year period, $3 billion total
In any year, no more than $350 million in bonds to be issued If less than $350 million is issued in any year,
the remaining permitted amount may be carried over to one or more subsequent years
Proposition 71: Research facilities
Research facilities that can be used for research on “non-approved lines” are a priority.
• Accordingly, up to 10% of the funds will be used to build scientific and medical research facilities of nonprofit entities.
• These are to be constructed in the first five years, with priority given to facilities that can be brought on line within the first 2 years.
•Funding through Prop. 71 for development of facilities requires a 20% match.
Proposition 71: Oversight
The ICOC must meet in an open meeting format.Closed sessions may be conducted when discussing:
• Matters involving information relating to patients or medical subjects. Matters involving confidential intellectual property or work product
• Matters involving prepublication, confidential scientific research or data
• Matters concerning the appointment, employment, performance, compensation, or dismissal of institute officers and employees
Proposition 71: Scientific and Medical Working Groups
• Scientific and Medical Research Funding Working Group.
• Scientific and Medical Accountability Standards Working Group.
• Scientific and Medical Research Facilities Working Group.
Blastocyst -from In Vitro Fertilization Clinic
Inner Cell Mass(Stem Cells)
“Blueprint” cells
A primer on Human Embryonic Stem Cells
A Blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells with a small clump of stem cells inside
R RC
“Blueprint” cells
Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Pipette
Stem Cells
To remove the stem cells, the Blastocyst is opened and the stem cells removed with a pipette
Blastocyst -from In Vitro Fertilization Clinic
Stem Cells “Blueprint” cells
A Blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells with a
small clump of stem cells inside
Pipette
Pipette
Stem Cells
Petri Dish
Human Embryonic Stem Cells
To remove the stem cells, the Blastocyst is broken open and the stem cells removed with
a pipette(an ultra thin glass tube)
The stem cells are placed in a
dish and are fed and cared for
(each blastocyst = 1 stem cell line)
Blastocyst -from In Vitro Fertilization Clinic
Stem Cells “Blueprint” cells
A Blastocyst is a hollow ball of cells with a
small clump of stem cells inside
Stem Cells
“Blueprint” cells
NeuronMuscle
cell
Pancreatic Islet
Petri DishStem Cells
Different chemicals / molecules are added to the stem cells to make them become specific types of cells.
Growth factors Chemical cues
Donor Egg Skin Cell
Needle
Nucleus(DNA)
Nucleus(DNA)
Needle
Chemicals and Growth Factors
Dividing cellsNeuron
Muscle cell
Pancreatic Islet
Stem Cells
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer or Therapeutic Cloning
Blastocyst Stem Cells
The vision for UCI’s Stem Cell Center: Stem cell therapies for neurological disorders
• Brain and spinal cord injury.
• Stroke.
• Neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s Disease Huntington’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease Multiple Sclerosis Lou Gerhig’s Disease (ALS)
Reeve-Irvine Research Center
Neurological disorders involve the loss of particular cell types in the nervous system
• Brain and spinal cord injury and stroke (loss of nerve cells and myelin-forming oligodendrocytes).
• Neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s Disease (loss of dopamine-containing nerve cells
in the brainstem). Huntington’s Disease (loss of nerve cells in the striatum). Alzheimer’s Disease (loss of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex). Multiple Sclerosis (loss of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes). Lou Gerhig’s Disease-ALS (loss of motor neurons from the
spinal cord).
• The vision: To use embryonic stem cells to restore the cells that are lost as a result of injury or neurodegenerative diseases.
Reeve-Irvine Research Center
Blastocyst -
Stem Cells
Pipette
Stem Cells“Blueprint” cells
Stem Cells
Petri Dish
“Blueprint” cells
Goal #1: to make stem cells into nerve cells
The stem cells are treated with factors to cause them to differentiate
into particular cell types Stem cells differentiated into neurons
Reeve-Irvine Research Center
Goal #2: To discover how to make stem cells integrate into neural circuits.
Reeve-Irvine Research Center
Nerve cell (neuron) Oligodendrocyte
More research is needed to find the ways to actually use stem cells for therapeutic applications.
At the RIRC, a therapy is being developed to use stem cells to replace myelin-forming cells
Myelin-forming cells (oligodendrocytes) die as a result of spinal cord injury, resulting in the loss of myelin (insulation) from nerve fibers.
An important potential therapeutic strategy: Replace myelin-forming cells using stem cells that differentiate into oligodendrocytes.
Reeve-Irvine Research Center
Then to Oligodendrocyte
Precursors
Stem cells are first differentiated to the
neural lineage.
RIRC scientists have succeeded in developing ways to produce oligodendrocytes from human ES cells and have shown that they can restore myelin after spinal cord injury in experimental animals.
Keirstead LabReeve-Irvine Research Center
But do these cells have the potential to form tumors over
longer periods of time?
1. They can generate large quantities of tissue rapidly
2. They can become any cell in the bodyEmbryonic stem
cells
Brain Heart
CartilageBone marrowFat
Embryonic Stem Cells
Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Developing facilities for stem cell research
It is likely that research involving non-approved stem cell lines will be prohibited in facilities that were built with NIH support, or that contain NIH-supported core equipment.
• In recognition of this, up to 10% of Prop. 71 funds will be used to build scientific and medical research facilities.
•Funding through Prop. 71 for development of facilities requires a 20% match.
Reeve-Irvine Research Center
Proposition 71: Funds
• Indirect costs limited to 25 % of a research award
Excluding amounts included in a facilities award
Indirect cost limitation may be increased by amount the grantee provides in matching funds
Must be in excess of 20% of the grant amount
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