what the tech? - understanding teens' o
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WHAT THE TECH? Understanding Kids’ Behavior
Online and Offline
2
50% males / 50% females
Who was surveyed?
! 1,000 teens (ages 13 to 18) in Middle School/Jr. High and High School took an online survey about their internet acLviLes, and their percepLons of peer bullying and harassment. Of these 1,000 teens…
White/ Caucasian
Hispanic/ La=no
Black/ African-‐American
Asian/ Pacific Islander
Other
64%
14%
13%
5%
3%
Ethnicity reflected 2010 Census
Jr High/ Middle School
9th grade 10th
grade
11th grade
12th grade
3
TEEN PROFILE
4
How teens feel most comfortable communicaLng with their friends
In person – 53%
Over the phone – 4%
Online – 17%
By Text – 26%
5
68% of teens say their online image is no different from the image they have at school
! For those who do have a different image online, teens feel they can be more outgoing, and more powerful than they are at school – especially teen girls: ! I am more likely to be social (50%)
(62% of girls)
! I can be myself more (50%) (66% of girls)
! I am more exci=ng (39%) (44% of girls)
! I am more likely to be flirta=ous (30%) (36% of girls)
! I am more rebellious (19%) (25% of girls)
! Boys and girls are equally likely to say they are “cooler” online (37%)
! Girls place more emphasis on their self-‐esteem, such as only pos=ng “good pictures” of themselves (45% vs. 18% of boys) or feeling more able to stand up for themselves (50% vs. 30%)
6
Online AcLvity
! Teens spend an average of 3.9 hours per day online – Teen males in the 12th grade are the most connected, at 4.7 hours per day.
! Teens who are more introverted/less popular tend to spend more =me online.
! Introverts – 5.4 hours (Extroverts – 3.4)
! Students who feel unpopular – 4.9 hours (Popular/well-‐liked – 3.6/3.8)
! Kids who have experienced bullying – 4.1 hours (Kids who have not experienced bullying – 3.5)
! Teens with higher grades spend less =me online, and are more likely to feel they are popular.
! These academically stronger teens are also less likely to have experienced bullying.
0% 20% 40% 60%
Talking with friends
Looking up answers to ques=ons I have
Playing games
School related searches and projects
Self-‐Expression
Talking with boyfriend/girlfriend
Mee=ng new people
Shopping
Blogging
Online AcLviLes Teens Do “A Lot” Total
7
84% of teens have a Facebook account that they use regularly
! 46% are friends with their parents on Facebook, but 21% of those block their parents from seeing certain posts
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Skype
Twiher
Face Time
MySpace
Accounts teens currently have and use regularly
Total
8
PEER HARASSMENT AND BULLYING
9
Even though most teens feel others are more likely to be unkind online than in person, only 9% admit to being meaner themselves
68% 14%
18%
In your experience, are people more or less likely to be unkind to others online
than in person?
More likely
Less likely
No difference
73% of teen females feel people are more likely to be unkind online than in person
(compared to 62% of teen males)
0% 50% 100%
They make mean comments
They pass along hurjul gossip
They post untrue things
They ahack others for no reason
Ways people are more likely to be unkind online
Total
Males
Females
94% of teen females say people are more likely to make mean comments online
(compared to 82% of teen males)
10
Most teens consider bullying people to be one of the worst things you can do
Bullying ranks alongside smoking cigare1es and
drinking alcohol as “one of the worst things you can do”
Doing drugs – 84%
Shopliling, smoking cigarehes, bullying
people in person – 72-‐78%
Drinking alcohol, bullying people online –
67%
Ditching school, lying to parents – 56-‐59%
“ONE OF THE WORST THINGS YOU CAN DO”
11
Teens disLnguish “drama” from “bullying” both in how they define it, and how they perceive its gravity
Teens rank star5ng drama below having sex as “one of the worst
things you can do”
Ditching school, lying to parents – 56-‐59%
Having sex, chea=ng on a test – 46-‐47%
StarLng drama in person, lying to
teachers, starLng drama online – 40-‐42%
Lying to a boyfriend/girlfriend, lying to friends – 38-‐36%
“ONE OF THE WORST THINGS YOU CAN DO”
12
17% of teens have started “drama” online Teen girls are more likely than teen boys to have started “drama” online, and are more likely to do it in retaliaLon, or because the person annoys them
“Drama is a li1le like bullying. Some5mes, drama is bullying through lies and false rumors. Some people like to cause drama and do it for fun. Girls are most likely to be involved with drama. Drama is really just a term for emo5onally figh5ng with someone or figh5ng that is unnecessary.” (Female, 11th grade)
Reasons for starLng drama online
They started with me first
They bothered me
They were annoying
It was fun
They have no friends
13
Girls and boys have different percepLons of what behaviors are cause for concern
! Very concerned: ! Causing someone harm 78%
(87% of girls)
! Revealing inappropriate/sexual informaLon about someone online 69% (81% of girls)
! Revealing inappropriate/sexual informaLon about someone in person 67% (76% of girls)
! Other behaviors teens would be very concerned about:
! Saying mean things in person about someone 51%
! Calling someone sexual names in person 48%
! Saying mean things online about someone 48%
! Calling someone sexual names online 46%
! Not concerned: ! Calling someone sexual names online 18%
(25% of boys)
! Calling someone sexual names in person 18% (23% of boys)
! Saying mean things online about someone 13% (18% of boys)
14
Social networking sites rank at the top of places teens think peer bullying and harassment occur
Social Networking Sites At School (in person)
Text Message
65% 56%
39%
Outside of School (in person)
40%
15
58% of teens have experienced peer bullying or harassment
7%
53%
40%
Where the bullying/harassment took place
Online
In Person
Online and In Person 65% of boys
48% of girls
Few teens are bullied exclusively online – almost all who have been bullied or harassed online
also experienced it in person.
16
Around 60% of bullied/harassed teens reported the incident, typically turning to their parents
Teens are less likely to
report bullying or
harassment that
happens online.
Who did you tell? Online At School
My parents 38% 42%
My friends 30% 26%
A trusted adult at home 10% 19%
A trusted adult at school 10% 5%
17
Why did you not tell anyone when you were bullied or harassed… Online by a peer In person by a peer
I thought I could handle it myself 69% 51%
It happens to everyone 48% 35%
I didn’t know what to say 44% 30%
I didn’t think anyone would/could help me 39% 20%
I was too embarrassed to say anything 37% 28%
I didn’t know who to tell 33% 22%
I was worried I would get blamed, or people would think it was my fault 32% 21%
I didn’t want anyone to think I wasn’t popular or cool 20% 18%
I didn't want to get the harasser in trouble 19% 16%
Teens who don’t report online bullying or harassment may not know how to explain the
situaLon, or may not think an adult will understand enough to be able to help. There is a
need among parents and teachers for educaLon about how bullying occurs online.
Higher among girls than boys
18
Teens also minimize the harm of online bullying and harassment, and are less likely to think there is a need for their friends to help or for an adult to intervene.
If you were being bullied or harassed online and/or in person, what would
you want your friends to do to help you in each situaLon?
Bullied/harassed online Bullied/harassed in person
Confront online the people bullying or harassing me and tell them to stop 57% 36%
Encourage me to ignore it 53% 48% Give me advice about how to get it to
stop, but let me handle it myself 52% 61% Talk to a trusted adult at home for
advice 40% 61% Have my friend stand up to the bully 38% 57%
Confront in person the people bullying or harassing me and tell them to stop 37% 64% Talk to a trusted adult at school for
advice 35% 58% Ask an adult to intervene for me 33% 56%
Other 13% 16% Not do anything 8% 5%
ConfrontaLon is higher among popular/ unpopular,
and extrovert/ introvert than those more in the middle
19
61% of teens think their friends would not be proud of them for reporLng being bullied or harassed…
39%
33%
16%
12%
How their friends would feel if they told someone about being bullied/harassed
Proud of me
Wouldn't care
Disppointed in me
Embarrassed by me
…with a portion actually worried about their friends being embarrassed or disappointed.
20
For those who have not experienced peer bullying or harassment, likelihood to tell their parents if bullying occurs depends on the severity of the incident
Yes, always 30%
Yes, if it was severe 38%
No, probably not
15%
Never 5%
Not sure/it depends 12%
Would you tell your parents if you were being bullied?
21
0% 20% 40% 60%
Helped my friend stand up to the bully
Told my friend to just ignore it
Tried to give my friend advice, but let them handle it
Confronted the bully in person and told them to stop
Confronted bully online and told them to stop
Talked to a trusted adult at home or school for advice
Talked to another friend for advice
Asked an adult to intervene for my friend
I did not try to help
What they did to help their friend who was being bullied online
Total
8%
51%
41%
Where the bullying/harassment took place
Online
In Person
Online and In Person 59% of boys
46% of girls
68% of teens have a friend who has experienced peer bullying or harassment (72% of girls)
Teens who have experienced bullying themselves are more likely to have stood up for a friend
Despite the fact that “confronting" an online bully/harasser is what most people want their friends to do, they are less likely to actually have done it in a real situation (37% vs. 57% who would want a friend to confront an online bully/harasser for them)
22
Many acLviLes that are bullying or harassment aren’t seen as such, or not to the extent of needing someone to intervene.
Believe Not Bullying, or No IntervenLon Needed
ACTIVITY Happening between non-‐friends
Happening between close friends
A cri=cal comment about the things the person likes (music, clothes, etc.) personally to them
(email/text/IM) 66% 62%
A cri=cal comment about the way someone looks personally to them (email/text/IM) 50% 52%
More than one person being cri=cal/making fun of a person personally to them (email/text/IM) 31% 37%
Threats to the person personally to them (email/text/IM) 22% 28%
Revealing personal informa=on about the person without their permission in one-‐on-‐one
conversa=on 53% 50%
Cri=cal comments about the person to others (not the target person) in one-‐on-‐one
conversa=on 53% 56%
Though less than half think
interven=on is needed
23
Perhaps the anonymity of bullying non-‐friends in social networks leads more teens to discount the severity of these acLviLes.
Believe Not Bullying, or No IntervenLon Needed
ACTIVITY Happening
between non-‐friends
Happening between
close friends A cri=cal comment about the things the person
likes (music, clothes, etc.) on their social networking site
67% 61%
Cri=cal comments about the person to others (not the target person) on a social networking
site 56% 53%
A cri=cal comment about the way someone looks on their social networking site 53% 53%
Revealing personal informa=on about the person without their permission on a social
networking site 42% 35%
More than one person being cri=cal/making fun of a person on their social networking site 33% 39%
Threats to the person on their social networking site 22% 29%
Though less than half think interven=on is
needed
24
TECH AND TEEN SEX
25
Teens know about ‘sexLng’, and close to half of teen girls have received a sexy picture/text or know someone who has.
91% of teen females know what ‘sexLng’ is (compared to 84% of teen males)
46% of teen females have (or know someone who has) received a sexual picture or text
What happened aFer sent picture/text:
People gossiped 32% Boyfriend/Girlfriend like it 31% Nobody no=ced 30%
0% 20% 40% 60%
Yes
Sent/Know Someone Who Sent Sexy Pic or Text
Total
Males
Females
26
ENOUGH! STANDING UP TO PEER
BULLYING AND HARASSMENT
27
Teens get that it’s a dangerous world out there; they need their parents to get that it’s a teen’s world is dangerous, too.
! Parents have done a great job of warning their kids – especially their daughters – about sexual predators, revealing personal informa=on online, and inappropriate pictures/texts, but online bullying is not yet as much a part of the conversa=on.
75%
65%
54%
49%
39%
39%
66%
56%
44%
40%
33%
35%
84%
74%
63%
57%
46%
43%
Not releasing personal informa=on about yourself
Child predators contac=ng you
Sending a naked or inappropriate photo of yourself to someone on the internet
Sending a "dirty" text message or email
Being bullied by someone on the internet
Bullying someone on the internet
Total
Males
Females
28
Teens know their parents would be proud of them for standing up to a bully. It’s a maqer of parents lerng their teens know they understand online bullying/ harassment, and that it’s wrong.
ONLINE Parents would be proud if you… IN PERSON
71% Stood up for someone you saw being bullied or harassed 82%
ONLINE Friends would be proud if you… IN PERSON
55% Stood up for someone you saw being bullied or harassed 65%
ONLINE Friends wouldn’t care if you… IN PERSON
53% Did not stand up for someone you saw being bullied or harassed 45%
29
When the bullying happens online, peers are less likely to tell others and more likely to show support through online means
If you witness someone gerng bullied, harassed, or made fun of (in person or online), what are the most
effecLve ways to intervene?
Bullying/Harassment Online
Bullying/Harassment In Person
Tell the harasser to stop 51% 56%
Tell a teacher or other adult 43% 55%
Confront the bully in person 38% 47%
Support the person being bullied 49% 46%
Geqng others to support the person being harassed 43% 44%
Geqng others to disapprove 39% 37%
Go up to the person offline and offer support 34% 33%
Message the person being bullied privately 33% 19%
Pos=ng something so everyone can see your support 29% 12%
Higher for girls Higher for populars
30
Why Teens Don’t Intervene
! FEAR FOR THEMSELVES: ! Fear of being bullied/harassed 67%
(77% of girls)
! Fear of being called a snitch 66% ! Fear of physical harm 56%
! LOSS OF SOCIAL POSITION: ! Being seen as uncool 55% Girls & Extroverts ! Losing social credibility 52% Girls & Extroverts
! INDIFFERENCE: ! Feel its none of their business 59% ! Don’t care about person being bullied 42%
! Person deserves to be bullied 24% Girls
! ADULTS RESPONSIBILITY: ! Won’t be listened to 36%
! Adults should help, not kids 24%
31
What Would Help Them To Stand Up
! NOT BEING ALONE: ! Friend supports me 65% Girls & Popular ! Others will join me 62% Girls & Popular
! ADULTS RESPONSIBILITY: ! Knowing school will take acLon 54% ! Learning how to stand up to a bully 45%
! ANONYMITY: ! Report anonymously to an adult 52%
! GAIN IN SOCIAL POSITION: ! Others will think highly of me 49% ! Its seen as cool 28% (equal by gender)
32
Those who stand up to bullies are seen as BRAVE, HEROIC and COOL (more so by girls).
Though agreement with this starts to diminish auer 10th grade
BRAVE: 70%
SOMEONE TO ADMIRE: 53%
DOESN’T CARE WHAT PEOPLE THINK: 39% HEROIC: 55%
COOL: 54%
SOMEONE I DON’T WANT TO ASSOCIATE
WITH: 4%
GLAD THEY DID, I COULDN’T: 38%
SECRETLY, NOT OPENLY, ADMIRE:
20%
UNCOOL: 4%
33
Online: Parents Serng Rules & Monitoring
RULES Around half have rules when using the
Internet
Most have rules up to 9th grade and then drops significantly in the 10th grade
What Rules? No explicit or age restricted websites (61%)
Time limit (38%)
Money spent limit (28%)
Parent has passwords (26%-‐skew girls)
Parent checks their accounts and messages (26% -‐skew girls)
Parent blocked certain sites (23%-‐skew boys)
MONITORING
34
Parents should monitor usage and set rules
Children with parents who set rules regarding their online usage and those whose parents are aware of/monitor their ac5vi5es
online are:
MORE LIKELY
To tell their parents when they’ve been bullied
To tell their parents OVER their friends
To think their parents will be proud of them for standing up
To assign posi=ve descriptors to those who stand up against
bullying
LESS LIKELY
To have been involved in crea=ng “drama”
To have received sexual material or to know someone who has
35
Half of teens say their parents have rules for them about using the Internet
! Boys and girls are equally likely to have restric=ons about how they use the internet:
! No explicit or age-‐restricted websites
! Time limit
! Limit to the amount of money I can spend
! Girls are more likely than boys to have to give their parents access to their online ac=vi=es:
! Parents have their passwords
! Parents checks accounts and messages when they want to
! Boys are more likely than girls to have restrictions on what they can do on the internet:
! Parent has blocked access to certain sites
! Only use it for school
36
ROLE OF THE SCHOOL
37
While less than 20% of teens feel adults at school know about peer bullying/ harassment and don’t do anything, they are more
likely to think that adults simply don’t know about it.
38
Teens believe School Administrators should intervene MORE when bullying/harassment happens at school than when it
happens online…
…though they admit the majority of this behavior occurs on social networking sites
How do you think your school should handle bullying and peer sexual
harassment that occurs… Online At School
Talk to the harasser's parents 54% 63%
Educate students about the impact of online bullying 46% 63%
Suspension 45% 62%
Make the harasser apologize 32% 43%
Conflict resolu=on/media=on 30% 37%
Deten=on 30% 46%
Expulsion 25% 40%
Nothing, the incident did not happen at school/they shouldn’t
do anything 12% 4%
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