where are now?

GE2153

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

PREPARED BY:HAZRATI BINTI HUSNIN

WEEK 5

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

DESIGNING MEDIA AND INSTRUCTION

SEMESTER II 2011-2012

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionWhere are now?

Analyze Learners

State Objectives

Select Material and

Utilize Media and Materials

Require Learner

Participation

Evaluate and Revise

The ASSURE model contains six steps and the letters in ASSURE

form an acronym.

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionIdentification of the Problem

ID Process begins with identification of the problem

Purpose of identifying the problem is to determine if instruction is the best

solution

How to identify the problem?

Needs Assessment

Goal Analysis

Performance Assessment

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionWhat is Needs Assessment

The needs assessment is a part of the front-end analysis in the instructional

design process

It includes all the activities used to collect information about your students'

learning needs, wants, wishes, desires, etc…

A needs analysis can be very formal, extensive and time consuming, or it can be

informal, narrowly focused and quick.

Its purpose is to determine what the needs are, whether they are instructional or

other issues

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionWhat is Needs Assessment

Need to perform needs analysis to identify instructional goals

Some of resources for conducting a needs analysis may include surveys and

questionnaires, test scores, and interviews.

The process also sometimes involves looking at the expectations and

requirements of other people who may be impacted by the program.

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionConducting a Needs Assessment

4 phases to NA processPhase 1: Planning

Phase 2: Collecting Data

Phase 3: Data Analysis

Phase 4: Final Report

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionPlanning

Define the target audience.

Develop a strategy - methods

Who will participate in the study?

How should the data be collected?

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionCollecting the Data

Consideration about sample size and distribution

Schedule the appointments

Travel to the sites to collect the data

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionAnalyzing the Data

Needs should be prioritized

Goal Analysis Method

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionGoal Analysis

Alternative approach to NA - 6 steps

Identify the Aim (what’s the problem?)

Set Goals -(identify behaviors for performance)

Refine Goals - sort, delete, combine, refine

Rank Goals - by order of importance

Refine Goals AGAIN

Make a final ranking BACK

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionCompiling A Report

Report would contain

Summary of purpose

Summary of process

Summary of results with table (s) and narrative

Recommendations based on the data

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionWhich method to Use

Needs Analysis

Used when the problem is not identified

Much time and cost are involved

Conducted with a large target audience

Goal Analysis

Used when problem is identified and valid

Less time and cost involved

Focus is narrower

Conducted with a few individuals

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionPerformance Assessment

Identify performance problems

Causes of performance problems:

Lack of knowledge or skills

Lack of motivation or incentive

Environmental factors

Management factors

Interpersonal relations

Analyze Learners

State Objectives

Select Material and

MediaUtilize

Media and Materials

Require Learner

Participation

Evaluate and Revise

The ASSURE model contains six steps and the letters in ASSURE

form an acronym.

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionMedia

A means of communication Latin medium (“between”) The term refers to anything that carries information between a source and a

receiver

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionMedia

Media concept according to Torkelson

Message Channel

Message

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionDefinition of Media

Medium that can be used to deliver message from the sender to the

receiver in a manner that can stimulate thought, feeling, interest and

student’s attention which later occur in learning process

According to Heinich (2002), if the media convey a message about

instruction, then that media can be called as instruction’s media

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionThe use of media in instruction

Why Media?

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionThe use of media in instruction

To expose technology to students through teaching

Innovation in teaching and learning – latest technology

To gain student’s interest

To promote an interesting teaching and learning

To enable clear and effective explanation

To promote meaningful learning

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionPreparing Instruction Media

Initiate idea

Define objective

Analyze students

Gather and arrange materials

Convert idea into visual

Plan student’s involvement

Evaluate plan

Revise plan

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionMedia Characteristic

Media Characteristi

Student’s learning

MovementVisual Color

Daya suntingan

Mobile

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionClassification of Instruction Media

Instruction Media

Non Print Media

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionClassification of Instruction Media – Non Print Media

Transparency

Microfilm

Film and Video

CD/DVD

Presentation Media - Static Presentation

Presentation Media – Non Static Presentation

Drawing

Cartoon

Charts

Non Presentation Media - Graphic

Photograph

Postcard

Flash card

Non Presentation Media – Static Image

Chalk board

White board

Flannel board

Bulletin board

Electronic board

Non Presentation Media – Exhibition Material

Cassette

Compact disk

Non Presentation Media – Audio Material

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionClassification of Instruction Media – Print Media

Module

Text books

Manual

Newspapers

Magazine

Journals

Articles

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionClassification of Instruction Media – Print Media

Resource

Print Materials

InternetProjector/ Presentation

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionChoosing Media

Criteria:

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionAdvantages of Using Media

Improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning process

Time saving

Stimulate student’s interest

Provides various teaching method

Enriched student’s experience

Produce more efficient teaching materials

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionDisadvantages of using media

Unplanned media

Choosing the media

Preparing the media

Implementing the media

Designed media is too crowded

Video as a media – too long

Effect of using media

Not meaningful

Wasted

WEEK 5: Designing Media and InstructionConclusion

MediaTeaching

TEACHERS

1. Effectiveness2. Time saving3. Various techniques,

strategy and approach

STUDENTS

1. Interest, passion2. Skills3. Independent

GE2153

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

PREPARED BY:HAZRATI BINTI HUSNIN

WEEK 5

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

DESIGNING MEDIA AND INSTRUCTION

SEMESTER II 2011-2012

where are now?

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where are we now? where are we going? - sarm