white pine rust resistance in - uc agriculture & natural ... · –a tale of two species...
Post on 18-Oct-2020
0 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
White pine blister rust resistance in Pinus
monticola
and P. albicaulis
in
the Pacific Northwest U.S. – a tale of two species
Richard A. Sniezko,
Angelia Kegley,
Robert Danchok
USDA Forest Service,Dorena
Genetic Resource Center,Cottage Grove, Oregon, USA.
Sniezko
2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
P.monticolaP.albicaulis
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions
in
Forestry
Eugene
2011
(from Sniezko and others 2011)
Pinus albicaulisDescription Pinus monticola levila.jpg Range map of western white pine (Pinus monticola)
Date 1999(1999)
Source Digital representation of "Atlas of United States Trees" by Elbert L. Little, Jr. [1]
Author U.S. Geological Survey
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Whitebark stands on Kwohl Butte, taken
yesterday while installing a blister rust
survey and perm plot. (Photo: Chris
Jensen)
Warm Spring (J.Barnes)
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
P. monticola
Problem
•
Whitebark pine & western white pine are highly susceptible to the non‐
native white pine blister rust fungus
•
Most WBP & WWP have died or will die when exposed to WPBR
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
A PETITION TO LIST THE WHITEBARK PINE, PINUS ALBICAULIS, AS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE
ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT
December 8, 2008
http://docs.nrdc.org/legislation/files/leg_08120801a.pdf
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop on the
Genetics of Host‐Parasite Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Whitebark Pine
•
July 2011: US Fish & Wildlife Service agreed that the whitebark pine, a wide‐ranging
species of tree found on mountain tops in much of western North America, faces an "imminent" risk of extinction. The "warranted
but precluded" decision … but the Service's limited budget prevents adding whitebark to
the federal endangered species list at this time.
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Pinus monticola
•
Return of the giants: Restoring white pine ecosystems by breeding and aggressive
planting of blister rust‐resistant white pines
•
Author: Fins, Lauren; Byler, James; Ferguson, Dennis; Harvey, Al; Mahalovich, Mary Francis; McDonald, Geral I.; Miller, Dan; Schwandt, John; Zack, Art
•
Date: 2001•
http://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/35328
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Solution
•
Find and utilize the low frequency of natural genetic resistance present in these species
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Genetic Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust
•
Is there genetic resistance?•
What is the frequency of resistance in the
population?•
What level of genetic resistance?
•
How does it compare in western white pine and whitebark pine?
•
Is it durable?
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Genetic Resistance ‐
Objectives
•
Develop durable genetic resistance to aid reforestation and restoration efforts
•
Utilize all types of resistance•
Increase the level of resistance
•
Maintain high genetic diversity•
Maintain adaptability
•
Make resistant seed available
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International
Workshop on the Genetics of Host‐
Parasite Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene
‐
2011
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Photo: V.EricksonC. Jensen
M.Murray
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
TESTING FOR BLISTER RUST RESISTANCE
Jan 2006 –
16 months post-inoculation
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Whitebarkpine
Limberpine
WWP
Sugarpine
SWWP
Inoculation Trials
P. aristata
Photo: A.Garrett
Needle lesions (‘spots’)
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
3869.Jpg Oct2006Jan 2006Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Sow#102,
Tree 3, Box
17 – many
stem
infections
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011 Needle shed
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Bark Reaction
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Whitebark pine – 2 of 12 families showing good survival, 2.5 years after artificial inoculation
Infected primary needles of P. monticola susceptible
HR
Pinus monticola
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
P. monticola : 2 seedlings in 2007, 2.5 years after rust inoculation in 2004
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
% RSURV LO
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% R
SUR
V H
II
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
DeschutesFremontMt. HoodColvilleShoshone
r = 0.89p < 0.0001n = 20
Survival of 20 FAMILIES
at Low vs. HighInoculum Density (LO vs HI)
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop on the
Genetics of Host‐Parasite Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
% stem symptoms
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
# fa
mili
es
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Results through ~ 4 years after inoculation
Variation in % Cankering for 94 Whitebark Pine Families
Sniezko 2011 WFGASniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Results (2002 WBP trial)
•
Low & High inoculum density give similar results for % variables (high infection & mortality) –
except for Colville population
•
Increasing inoculum density increases #spots (~3x) & #stem symptoms (~2x)
•
The 2 northern populations are most resistant (higher survival, lower %SS, lower #SS, higher SSAL)
•
Bark reactions & partial bark reactions at higher levels in Colville & Mt. Hood families.
•
More ‘latent’
cankers in C & H families
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Breeding P. monticola
Climate Change & Resistance
•
Impact geographic occurrence & intensity•
Timing and duration of spread
•
Differential aggressiveness/virulence with temperature changes?
•
Monitor trials in the field for changes•
Seed movement impacts on resistance
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
P. monticola
•
Highly susceptible to wpbr•
High mortality in many
natural populations •
>4000 families tested
•
HR resistance found•
Partial resistance present
•
Breeding zones setup•
Orchards established
•
Field tests since <1996
P. albicaulis
•
Highly susceptible to wpbr•
High mortality in many
natural populations •
~380 families tested
•
No HR resistance found (yet)•
Partial resistance present
•
Breeding zones setup•
No orchards
•
Only a few recent field testsSniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Professor George Newcombe and
vegetation ecologist Laura
Hudson inoculatewhitebark pine seedlings with
endophytic fungus at the Dorena
Genetic Research Center.
NPS/Elena Thomas
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Volume 27, Number 2, Fall 2010Published: 28 October 2010 (online) • 4 November 2010 (inprint) •
http://www.nature.nps.gov/ParkScience/index.cfm?ArticleID=418&Page=1
Sidebar
Whitebark pine restoration under way at Crater LakePreemptive strike against blister rust based on disease‐resistant seedlingsBy Laura E. Hudson and Elena K. Thomas
END RESULT
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
NPS/Steve Thomas
Whitebark pine restoration at Crater Lake Rim Village involved bringing in bouldersto the former parking area, drilling holes in the compacted soil, and scattering woodydebris. These microhabitat manipulations help protect the seedlings from exposure to highwinds and heavy snowpack.
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Summary•
Genetic resistance to blister rust exists in both WWP &
WBP•
Geographic trends or pockets of resistance?
•
WWP has one resistance mechanism (HR) that may not be present in WBP
•
WBP has higher level of resistance?•
More information is needed on resistance, including its
durability•
Breeding should be able to increase the level of resistance
or combine resistances•
WWP & WBP seed is being used for restoration or
reforestation
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
Acknowledgments
•
USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management, & USDI National Park Service
for funding, cone collections, field sites and personnel to assist with various phases of
resistance work
Sniezko 2011‐
4th International Workshop
on the Genetics of Host‐Parasite
Interactions in Forestry ‐
Eugene ‐
2011
top related