who actually uses this stuff? a quantitative analysis of global map and other global data set users...
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Who Actually Uses this Stuff?A Quantitative Analysis of Global Map
and Other Global Data Set Users
GSDI 6: From Global to LocalBudapest, Hungary
18 September 2002
Karen D. KlineInternational Steering Committee for Global Mapping
Department of Geography
University of California, Santa Barbara
GSDI 6 2
Implications
Enormous expenditures on data collection and developmentAre these products really useful? For what purposes?
Data distribution policies are currently being written for various productsCommercial use argument
Distribution of data via internet allows user information to be collected
GSDI 6 3
User Model Definition
“User modeling involves inferring unobservable information about a user from observable information about him/her, e.g., his/her actions or utterances.”
Zukerman and Albrecht, (2001), “Predictive Statistical Models for User Modeling”, User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 11: 5-18.
GSDI 6 4
Types of User Models
1. The cognitive processes that underlie a user’s actions;
2. The differences between the user’s skills and expert skills;
3. The user’s behavioral patterns; or4. The user’s characteristics.
Webb, Pazzani and Billsus, (2001), “Machine Learning for User Modeling”, User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 11: 19-29.
GSDI 6 5
Previous User Model Studies
1. EOSDIS User Model Effort
2. European and Asian Satellite Remote
Sensing Applications
3. Global Land Cover Characteristics
GSDI 6 6
EOSDIS User Model
GroupsMembers represent
the respective community
Results from discussion
June 1995
Butler, D., J. E. Estes, et al., Eds. (1998). Proceedings of the EOSDIS Potential User Group Development Effort. Washington, DC, NASA.
12 Groups: Retrospective Research Field Campaigns and Individual
Data Providers Persistent Information
Production for Research Scientific Environmental
Assessment Commercial Users Operational Users Resource Managers and
Planners Policy Formulation and
Decision Making Legal Community K-14 Educators and Students Collegiate and Professional
Education Libraries, Press, and Public
GSDI 6 7
EOSDIS User Model ResultsUser Group User Population1 Use Intensity2 User Resources3 User Activities4 Desired EOSDIS
Functionality and Capabilities5
Retrospective Research Broad (1-5) Medium (>100) High/High General Some changes desired
Field Campaigns and Individual Data Providers
General (1-5) Low (>100) High/High General Some changes desired
Persistent Information Production for Research
Specialized (<50) High (1-5) High/High Focused Some changes desired
Scientific Environmental Assessment
Specialized (1-5) High (1-5) High/High Broad Some changes required
Commercial Users General (1-5) High (>100) High/High Broad No change required
Operational Users Widespread (>100) High (>100) High/High Broad Some changes desired
Resource Managers and Planners
Broad (5-50) High (5-20) Medium/Medium General Some changes desired
Policy Formulation and Decision Making
General (50-100) Medium (5-20) Medium/ High Focused Some changes desired
Legal Community General (1-5) Low (5-20) Low/Low Narrow Some changes desired
K-14 Educators and Students
Widespread (5-20) Low (20-100) Low/Low Focused Some changes required
Collegiate and Professional Education
Widespread (5) High (>100) High/High Broad Some changes desired
Libraries, Press, and the Public
Broad (5-100) [Libraries/Press] Widespread [Public]
Low (5-20) Low/Low Broad Some changes required
GSDI 6 8
European/Asian RS Applications
Personal interviews and literature reviewBased upon categories used in the
Potential Commercial Applications of EOSDIS Data (Lawless, 1996)
GSDI 6 9
Results of Survey & Literature Review: Europe and Asia
Category Rank Category Rank
Economic Development
Low/Medium Weather & Climate Medium
Urban & Regional Planning
Medium Air Quality Low
Mapping, Charting, & Geodesy
Low/Medium Water Quality Low/Medium
Land Use & Land Cover
High Water Resources High
Agriculture Medium Fisheries Low
Forestry Medium/High Marine High
Rangeland Low Recreation & Tourism Low
Emergency Management
Medium Information & Intelligence
Low/Medium
Transportation Low Public Health Low
Geology Medium Media, Press, Education
Low
Hadley, B. C., J. E. Estes, et al. (2000). European and Asian Satellite Remote Sensing Applications: A Literature Review and Analysis. Santa Barbara, University of California: 172.
GSDI 6 10
GLCC Survey
Methods for Gathering User Input Informal communicationOn-line registration formUser feedback survey
Brown, J. F., T. R. Loveland, et al. (1999). "The Global Land-Cover Characteristics Database: The Users' Perspective." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 65(9): 1069-1074.
GSDI 6 11
GLCC Survey
User On-line RegistrationStarted user registration with prototype versions of
North America, South America, and Africa (early 1996)
Format has remained the sameBasic information about user
Contact informationGeographic of interestApplication
Brown, J. F., T. R. Loveland, et al. (1999). "The Global Land-Cover Characteristics Database: The Users' Perspective." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 65(9): 1069-1074.
GSDI 6 12
Why these data sets?
User information collected via the internet when data set downloaded
Organizations released user information to UCSB/RSRU
All are based on different continentsAll created for different purposes
UNEP/GRID | Global Map | GLCC
GSDI 6 13
Information to be UsedLocation of the user
At the country and continent levelDomain of the user (ie, education, government)
Application For what purpose will the data set be used?
Scale of the applicationLocal, regional, global
Information either clearly decipherable or must be inferred by looking at email addresses, physical addresses, other provided information
GSDI 6 14
Application Categories
1. Agriculture2. Air Quality3. Economic development and
conservation4. Emergency management5. Fisheries6. Forestry7. Geology8. Information and intelligence9. Land use and land cover10. Mapping, charting and
geodesy
11. Marine
12. Media, press and education
13. Public health
14. Rangeland
15. Recreation and tourism
16. Transportation
17. Urban and regional planning
18. Water quality
19. Water resources
20. Weather and climate
GSDI 6 15
Application Categories(New Additions)
1. GPS applications2. Reference3. Wetlands4. Elevation and topography5. Soil6. Modeling (carbon cycle, global change)7. Software development, testing, and demonstration8. Research (no other details given)9. Law and policy10. Archaeology
GSDI 6 16
Global Land Cover Characteristics
User information form filled out prior to downloading, information sent via email to USGS/EDC staff, registration information entered into excel file
Dates:February 10, 1999December 17, 2001
1108 entries examined to date (complete)
GSDI 6 17
UNEP/GRID Arendal:
Tracks requests using Microsoft Access; information not necessarily submitted via web form
Geneva: Tracked information until recently; log information received
WebTrends software used to monitor website activity at Arendal and Tbilisi sites
Arendal Users: Dates:
January 5, 2000June 18, 2001
671 entries examined to date (Arendal completed) Geneva data not examined yet
UNEP/GRID Arendal:Number of Users by Country
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
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Nu
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UNEP/GRID-Arendal
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2000
0104
2000
0306
2000
0316
2000
0329
2000
0502
2000
0509
2000
0523
2000
0606
2000
0629
2000
0707
2000
0713
2000
0723
2000
0803
2000
0814
2000
0822
2000
0828
2000
0904
2000
0913
2000
1002
2000
1023
2000
1107
2000
1114
2000
1126
2000
1204
2000
1212
2000
1221
2001
0109
2001
0116
2001
0124
2001
0131
2001
0207
2001
0214
2001
0221
2001
0228
2001
0308
2001
0316
2001
0326
2001
0404
2001
0423
2001
0502
2001
0510
2001
0521
2001
0605
2001
0618
Date (yyyymmdd)
Nu
mb
er o
f U
sers
4 January 2000 to 18 June 2001
UNEP/GRID Arendal: Applications
0
50
100
150
200
250
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GSDI 6 21
Global MapData Sets Released To Date:
Registration process:1. Fill online form2. Receive account and
password3. Download data
Dates: November 28, 2000 August 31, 2002
1372 entries examined to dateData sets used:
Australia, Colombia, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Panama, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand
Australia AUS June 28, 2001
Bangladesh BGD July 22, 2001
Colombia COL May 18, 2001
Japan JPN November 28, 2000
Laos LAO November 28, 2000
Sri Lanka LKA November 28, 2000
Mongolia MNG December 4, 2001
Nepal NPL November 28, 2000
Panama PAN March 28, 2002
Philippines PHL December 25, 2000
Thailand THA November 28, 2000
Global Map: Australia
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2001
0619
2001
0710
2001
0716
2001
0722
2001
0728
2001
0802
2001
0808
2001
0816
2001
0824
2001
0908
2001
0928
2001
1005
2001
1016
2001
1026
2001
1211
2002
0116
2002
0202
2002
0304
2002
0405
2002
0505
2002
0629
2002
0718
2002
0829
Date (yyyymmdd)
Nu
mb
er o
f U
sers
28 June 2001 - Australia Global Map data released
Global Map: Japan
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
2000
1128
2000
1206
2000
1211
2000
1217
2000
1222
2000
1227
2001
0107
2001
0112
2001
0117
2001
0122
2001
0127
2001
0201
2001
0206
2001
0211
2001
0216
2001
0221
2001
0226
2001
0303
2001
0308
2001
0313
2001
0319
2001
0324
2001
0329
2001
0403
2001
0409
2001
0414
2001
0419
2001
0424
2001
0429
2001
0504
2001
0509
2001
0514
2001
0519
2001
0525
2001
0531
2001
0605
2001
0610
Date (yyyymmdd)
Nu
mb
er o
f U
sers
28 November 2000 - Japan Global Map data released at Global Mapping Forum 2000 (Hiroshima, Japan)
All Global Map Users
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2000
1128
2000
1211
2000
1221
2001
0106
2001
0116
2001
0126
2001
0205
2001
0215
2001
0225
2001
0307
2001
0318
2001
0328
2001
0407
2001
0417
2001
0427
2001
0507
2001
0517
2001
0529
2001
0608
2001
0711
2001
0723
2001
0804
2001
0820
2001
0918
2001
1004
2001
1024
2001
1123
2002
0116
2002
0218
2002
0402
2002
0505
2002
0629
2002
0727
2002
0901
Date (yyyymmdd)
Nu
mb
er o
f U
sers
Global Mapping Forum 2000Hiroshim a, Japan28 Novem ber 2000Data released: Japan Laos Sri Lanka Nepal Thailand28 Novem ber 2000
News article:Nippon Keizai Shinbun27 Augus t 2002
News article:Sanyo Chuo Shim po5 May 2002
Data released: Bangladesh 22 July 2001
GSDI 5Cartagena, Colom bia18 May 2001Data released: Colom bia18 May 2001
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Africa Asia CentralAmerica
CIS Europe Middle East NorthAmerica
Oceania SouthAmerica
SoutheastAsia
Continent
Res
earc
h L
oca
tio
n (
by
%)
Africa Arctic Asia Central America Eurasia Europe Global Middle East
North America Oceania South America Tropics Antarctic CIS Southeast Asia
GSDI 6 27
Issues
English not the first language for all users
Same information not necessarily collected for the three data sets
Consistency in use of descriptive terms not guaranteed
GSDI 6 28
Next Steps…
Finish locating user dataExplore data
Pivot tables and chartsParallel coordinate plots
Statistical analysisχ2 calculationMeasure for dependence
GSDI 6 29
AcknowledgementsTom Loveland, Jess Brown, Stephen Howard (EROS Data Center)Tim Foresman, Mick Wilson, Lawrence Hislop, Ron Witt, Hy Dao (UNEP)Minoru Akiyama, Hiroshi Une, Hiroshi Masaharu, Eiji Murakami, Hidenori Fujimura (Global Map/GSI)
John Kelmelis, USGS; Peter Holland, AUSLIG; Claude Luzet, EuroGeographics; Santiago Borrero-Mutis, IGAC
Keith C. Clarke, Michael F. Goodchild, Leal A.K. Mertes, K. Eric Anderson
RSRU: Joseph Scepan, Greg Husak, Tamuka Magadzire, Kevin Knight, Martin Herold, Jeff Hemphill, Brian Hadley, and Jack EstesGeography Research: Nancy Ponce, Beilei Zhang, Connie Padilla, Kathleen Gordon
Support provided by:US DOI 00HQAG0018 Global Mapping ProjectNASA NAG5-10457 Remote Sensing Information Science Research
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