whom to feed? - food and agriculture organization · whom to feed? 1.3b overweight in the north and...
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Whom to feed?
1.3B overweight in the north and
1.02B hungry+1B with micronutrient
deficiencies in the south (IAASTD)
about 1.5Bn small scale farmers
globally also experience seasonal
hunger
feed population of today and in future
• 1.5 B small scale farmers + 1.5 B urban
gardeners, pastoralists and livestock keepers,
hunter-gatherers, fishers, forest keepers,
indigenous people
• 85% of farmers have 2 ha or less
>> Small scale farms produce at least 70% of
world’s food
>> but more than anything else, small holder
farmers feed the hungry!ETC (2009)
Agriculture at the Crossroads
IAASTD Report (2008):
Business as usual is no longer an option. Industrial farming, input and energy intensiveness,
and marginalization of small scale farmers, is no longer tenable.
Need systematic redirection of agriculture focus
towards needs of small farmers Sustainable organic agriculture that is biodiversity-
based is beneficial to poor farmers.
Traditional knowledge/IK of farmers and local communities should be tapped and work in partnership with formal science and technology.
BIGAS(Rice) Conference, 1985
Failure of Green Revolution:
• Loss of local varieties
• More inputs, higher costs
• More pests, new biotypes
• Infertile soils
• Degraded environment
• Poisoning
>>Farmers “forgot how to
grow rice”
= Farmers’ greater indebtedness,
rural poverty
MASIPAG Magsasaka at Siyentipikopara sa Pag-unlad ng Agrikultura(Farmer-Scientist Partnership for Development):
organized in 1986 as cooperation between
farmers , scientists and NGOs as alternative
approach to the Green revolution
Goal: Empower resource-poor farmers through
access and control of production resources
(seeds, technology, land)
As organization and network: 635 Peoples Organizations; 35,000+ farmers 60 Non-Government Organizations 15 Scientist-partners 67 farmer rice breeders; 12 corn breeders 100+ volunteer farmer-trainers
On-farm research resources 223 PO-managed trial farms +10 back-up 9 PO-managed native chicken gene pools
• Self help, self responsibility, democracy
and equality, equity and solidarity
• Seven cooperative principles
>>for the general benefit of the community
>> Altruism
Farmers’ Social Cooperatives
Effective coordination, multiplier
Planning and decision making
Mutual support
Ensure diffusion of benefits
Sustainability of activities
Cooperation to Maintain Seeds and Breeds
1,105 Traditional Rice Varieties
1,085 Masipag rice developed
506 Farmer-bred developed
75 Native corn varieties
6 native chicken gene pool
Luzon (81):
Nueva Ecija: 8, Pangasinan: 2,
Zambales:1, Camarines Sur: 13,
Occidental Mindoro: 10, Nueva
Viscaya: 9, Isabela: 18, Cagayan: 1,
Quezon: 14, Pampanga: 1; Antipolo:
2; Abra: 2
Visayas (81):
Negros Occidental: 29, Negros
Oriental: 1, Iloïlo: 10, Antique: 17,
Aklan: 1, Cebu: 2, Leyte: 10, Bohol:
1; Capiz: 5; Eastern Samar: 5
Mindanao (61):
North Cotabato: 5, Agusan del Norte:
1; Davao City: 1, Davao del Sur: 1;
Lanao Norte: 2, Zamboanga del Sur:
3, Zamboanga del Norte: 15;
Misamis Oriental: 1, Bukidnon: 6;
Compostela Valley: 1; Maguindanao:
3; South Cotabato: 3; Sultan Kudarat:
2; Surigao del Norte: 5; Zamboanga
Sibugay: 11
Cooperation for Seed Banking in 49 Provinces
Masipag Vertical Cooperation in Rice Conservation System
National (1)Back-up Farm
2,060 rice varieties
& Selections
Regional(2),
Provincial (9)
Back-up farms
300 to 1,200
rice varieties &
selections
PO-managed Trial
farms (223)
At least 50
varieties per TF
Verification farms 6 to 24 varieties
Farm Production At least 3 varieties
Farmer: Dolores F. AyenNo. of Crosses: 29
Code Name: DFA (18 cultivars developed)
Reasons for breeding rice:
Produce rice which are aromatic, early maturing, good eating quality and pest resistant
Seed adapted to changing climate
Have own seeds to plant every season
(no need to buy)
Share her developed
cultivars with other farmers
Technology Development
through Trial Farms Approach
Farmers’ laboratory
-Develop site-specific varieties
-Develop site-specific technology Functional seed bank Creative organizing Advocacy
>>
Characteristic / Adaptation
Traditional rice varieties
Masipag rice
High tillering capacity - 42
Good ratooning ability - 24
Long panicles 11 11
Low fertility soils 12 36
Saltwater tolerance - 12
Pest/disease resistance 6 17
Glutinous 84 29
Red / Violet 152 79
Number of Traditional Rice Varieties (TRVs)
and Masipag rice with desired characteristics.
Livestock production
and management
Breeding and
selection training
Alternative Feed
formulation trainings
Trainings on Livestock and poultry
Diffusion through People’s Organizations
Farmers /
LGU
Trial Farm
Observe / Characterize
Organization
Training
New
Technology
New
Selection
Field Day /Advocacy
Interested
Orientation
Increased Yield,
Improved Income
Breeding
Locally
Adapted
Variety
Organize
Other Farmers
Experiment
Carabao driven rotary used in
rice farming by Abraham of
Sultan Kudarat
Farmer-Developed and Adapted Technologies(Mode 2 knowledge production)
Pangi leaves used as botanical
pest control by Doming of
Zamboanga del Sur
Flood tolerant – M116-2, M115-1R, M160-1, M45-1, PBB 401
Flood tolerant – JDC 3 , JDC8, Dalagang Bukid
Salt water tolerant –
Jasmine, Kanoni, Elon-
elon, Makaginga,
Binulawan
Drought tolerant – Elon-
elon, San Vicente,
Palawan, M160-1
Drought tolerant – M4-3-1,Hinumay
Salt Water tolerant– Loreto, Binulungan, M115-1R, M45-1
Drought tolerant –Red Borong, Zambales MLD 4-1
Legend:Farmer-bred lines Traditional rice varietiesMASIPAG Selections
Solano, Nueva Vizcaya
Calabanga, Cam Sur
Bato, Cam Sur
Sta. Josefa, Agusan del Sur
Malng, North Cotabato
Sultan Kudarat, Saranggani
Alimodian, Iloilo Libagon, Southern Leyte Drought tolerant –M148-2, M394-1, M51-2, M177-3, M74-1
Batbatngon, LeyteDrought tolerantt –Senador, HubanibPatnongon, Antique
Drought tolerant – M6-14-1R
Rice Adapted to Climate Change
Farmers’ Adaptive Strategies for Climate Change Resiliency
• Social Cooperatives (POs) as insurance to cope with uncertainty
>> development and sharing of seeds and technology
>> sharing of work (community cooperation)
Cooperation for Marketing of organic
products
MASIPAG Participatory Guarantee
System:
• Organic standards
• Internal quality control
• Product and market development
• Processing facilities
• Management capacity bldg.
Improved Organic Productivity:
Mean yield of rice, 2007 (kg/ha), n=840
Masipag
Organic
Masipag
In Conversion
Chemical
Farming
Luzon 3,743ns 3,436ns 3,851ns
Visayas 2,683ns 2,470ns 2,626ns
Mindanao (Maximum)
3,767ns
(8,710)
3,864ns
(10,400)
4,131ns
(8,070)
Improved income from organic farm:Net agricultural income per hectare, 2007 (Pesos)
Masipag
Organic
Masipag In
Conversion
Chemical
Farming
Luzon 24,412** 18,991** 13,403**
Visayas 22,868** 16,039** 13,728**
Mindanao
Average
23,715ns
23,599***
17,362ns
17,457***
19,588ns
15,643***
** = highly significant differences ( 5%)
*** = very highly significant differences (1%)
ns = no significant difference
Improved income from organic farm:Annual Balance of Income and Expenditure per
Household, 2007 (in Pesos), n=840
Masipag
Organic
Masipag In
Conversion
Chemical
Farming
Luzon 11,331 9,702 -1,266
Visayas -1,090 287 -4,974
Mindanao 5,481 -232 -7,399
MASIPAG as Social Cooperative:
• Food security and Poverty alleviation• Biodiversity conservation• Sustainable agriculture and farming• Organic production and marketing• Resiliency to climate change • Farmer empowerment
>>Not Green or Gene revolution but Farmers’ knowledge revolution
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