why did tensions return to the cold war in the late 1950s?
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Why did tensions return to the Cold war in the late 1950s?
Learning objective – to be able to explain the reasons for the Cold War becoming tense in the late 1950s.
I can describe the key developments of the Cold War in the late 1950s and early 1960s
Grade D
I can explain the causes of the growing tension in the Cold War from the late 1950s.
Grade B
I can evaluate the impact of the events that led to greater tension in the Cold War from the late 1950s.
Grade A
Starter – what do you think the story of this image is?
Growing division of Germany in the late 1950s.
Why?USA and USSR unable to agree upon how
Germany should be governed.
What?Diplomatic tensions as both sides did not
recognise the part of Germany it did not control.
East German government was very unpopular and a steady stream of refugees escape from the East to the West through Berlin.
In 1958, Khrushchev declared the whole of Berlin belonged to East Germany.
He ordered US troops to leave Berlin and gave them a six month notice to do so.
The Geneva Summit – May 1959Why?USA wanted to stay in Berlin and defy
Khrushchev’s demands.To avoid confrontation and war over Berlin.
What?The Summit meeting was designed to
discuss what to do with Berlin between high level representatives from USA and USSR.
Significant?The talks achieved little but did play an
important part in arranging Khrushchev to visit the USA and meet Eisenhower.
Camp David and Khrushchev’s visit to USA - 1959
Why? Khrushchev wanted to move away from the oppressive
image that Stalin projected.
What? The Summit between the two presidents took place at
Camp David – the USA President’s rural retreat – in September 1959.
It was a positive and honest meeting which was accompanied by Khrushchev visiting various American landmarks.
Nothing was agreed.
Significant? The Camp David Summit laid the foundations for future
discussions. Khrushchev agreed to abandoning the six month
ultimatum given to US troops in Berlin.
The U2 incident - 1960Why? U2 was a spy plane which could fly at high altitude
and take photographs for intelligence purposes.
What? In May 1960, the USSR shot down a U2 plane caught
flying over their territory and captured the pilot, Gary Powers.
President Eisenhower had denied that the USA had sent planes to spy on the USSR.
Khrushchev then produced photographs of the wreckage of the U2 shot over USSR.
Proved he was lying, Eisenhower refused to apologise.
Significant? Undone all the good diplomatic work of 1959 and Cold
War tensions increased.
Paris Summit - 1960Why?The Paris Summit had been agreed at the
Camp David Conference the previous year.Nine days before the Paris Conference,
the U2 Incident had broken and tensions had increased.
What?The Paris Summit was a disaster.Khrushchev walked out of the Paris
Summit in protest making a series of angry statements, clearly unhappy and not interested in establishing a working relationship with the West.
The Vienna Conference - 1961Why? John F. Kennedy had just been elected President of USA
and wanted to meet with Khrushchev.The problem of Berlin remained and needed further
discussion.
What?Both sides refused to back down with the USSR wanting
USA out of Berlin and the USA refusing to leave.Khrushchev reaffirmed his previous ultimatum of a six
month deadline to leave Berlin.
Significant?Khrushchev saw Kennedy as young and weak. Someone
he could push around. He decided to push his luck with Kennedy and force him to back down over international problems.
TaskDraw a continuum in your exercise book like the one below.
Relieved tensions Increased tensions
The Berlin question1958-61
Geneva Summit 1959
Khrushchev’s US visit 1959
The U2 Incident 1960
Paris Summit 1960
Vienna Conference1961
Place the events below on your continuum and for each event write a paragraph which explains why you have placed it where you have on the continuum and why the event is significant in the Cold War during the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Choose your plenary
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