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Why do forest owners (not) grow trees?
Per SandströmOn behalf of:
Erik Wilhelmsson, Gun Lidestav, Torgny Lind and Kerstin Westin
IUFRO, Brisbane 2015-10-13
Private Forest Ownership in Europe
2
Proportion of forest land (%) in private ownership (Pulla et al. 2013)
+ Restitution+ Privatization+ Reforestation
Changes in prerequisites and expectations
Changes in NIPF ownership structure
Increased heterogeneity, fragmentation, dissociation
“Governance” and “Market”
Less activity in forest management increased area put aside for nature concern without any management
Fig. 1. Annual increment and felling in small-scale forestry in m3. Data from NFI. Average of five year periods (1980=1978-1982, 1981=1979-1983 etc.). The increase in increment from 1982 to 1983 is to approximately half an effect of an improved method for estimation of increment.
Growth and felling on NIPF owned forests in Sweden
Aim: to search for explanations to continued high level of management practices for timber production in times of changed conditions for ownership and management
Literature review
Peer-reviewed articles and doctoral thesis’s, published official reports and policy documents 1980 -
Possibilities
Incentives
Restrictions/Constrains
The Swedish Forestry Model
Planering för att leva och verka på flera platser
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Not at all
Very
What is important to NIPF owners
NIPF owners living on the property
NIPF owners living at a distance
The educational process of NIPF owners & norm sending structures
Laws and policies
The development of the production
technology
Forest owner
The development of the market economy
The socio-economical development
(Törnqvist 1995)
The educational process of NIPF owners & norm sending structures, cont.
Three approaches:
Voice
Loyalty
Exit
Legislation and policies
“Freedom under responsibility”
From more of a governmental learning process to more of a market influenced learning process
The forest management plan
Activity on certified and non-certified holdings, %
Lidestav & Berg Lejon, 2011
Motives for forest certification
Resi
dent
Not
Re
side
nt
Environmental motives39 37
Economical motives 42 34Moral motives 7 8Influence from Forest Owner Association
27 17
Fig 4. Certified NIPF owners motives for joining the certification scheme, % owners. Note that more than one motive can be indicated (Lidestav & Berg Lejon 2011)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Gross valueNet conversion valueResult after costs
Fig. 5. Gross value, net conversion value and result after costs for silviculture, precommercial thinning, fertilization, drainage and forest roads in SEK/m3. Values are given in prices 2011. Exchange rate app. 10 SEK/€. Data from Swedish Forest Agency.
The market development & The development of production technology
The Swedish model for forest management including the norm setting structures still works as incitement for NIPF forest owners on how to manage their forests
To understand the behavior we cannot rely on studies of single aspects; i.e. attitudes. We must consider all the various aspects of what makes NIPF ownership important
We need to better and more systematically follow the changes over time including socio-economical aspects
Concluding reflexions
Thanks for your attention!
Acknowledgments
The Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry
SLO-foundation
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013
Fig 5. Number of NIPF owners work in their forests in hours. (Statistical yearbook, Forestry).
The socio-economic development
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