wide area timing, frequency, & data using lf technologytprop = tprop_1 + tprop_2 (via lf data...
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CharlesSchue
StanfordUniversityPNTChallengesandOpportuni:esSymposiumNovember2012
WideAreaTiming,Frequency,&DataUsingLFTechnology
P
T
N
F
Food&Agriculture
CommercialFacili=es
Dams EnergyInforma=onTechnology
Healthcare&PublicHealth
Banking&Finance
Communica=ons
DefenseIndustrialBase
GovernmentFacili=es
Monuments&Icons
Transporta=onSystems
ChemicalCri=calManufacturing
EmergencyServices
Postal&Shipping
NuclearSystems
Water
2
Concerns• Solesource• Funding• Constella=onsize• Constella=onage
Vulnerabili=es• Signalblockage• Jamming• Performancedegrada=on• Natural• Human(Uninten=onal/Inten=onal)
• Spectrumcompe==on(e.g.,LSQ)• Radiofrequencyinterference• Spoofing&CounterfeitSignals
Whybeconcerned?
Of the (18) CIKR sectors, (15) use GPS
timing.
GPS timing is deemed essential
for (11) of the sectors.
[Source: DHS]
[Source: ctstechnologys.com/gps-jammers/]
Blocker
Disrupter
Waterproof
40 Watts
All Bands
1,000 m
3
Tested&Approved• Government(s)• Academia• Industry• Users
TechnologyAvailableToday• TransmiWers• TransmitAntennae• Receivers• ReceiveAntennae• Command,Control,Communica=ons
Whatifwehadasolu=on?
Anti-Jam Anti-Spoof Anti-Cyber Proof-of-Position Proof-of-Time
Indoors Urban Canyons Mountains Triple Canopy Northern Latitudes Underground Under water Under ice
Accuracy Availability
Integrity Continuity
Complementary Interoperable
Wide Area Multi-modal
P, N, T, F + D, I
4
Wecallthatsolu=onLF...
Loran‐C
eLoran eLoran
eLoran LFPhoenix™ LFPhoenix™
LFPhoenix™ will operate in ‘compatibility mode’
Full LFPhoenix™ potential
5
P
T
N
F
Food&Agriculture
CommercialFacili=es
Dams EnergyInforma=onTechnology
Healthcare&PublicHealth
Banking&Finance
Communica=ons
DefenseIndustrialBase
GovernmentFacili=es
Monuments&Icons
Transporta=onSystems
ChemicalCri=calManufacturing
EmergencyServices
Postal&Shipping
NuclearSystems
Water
6
Equivalentsystems…diverseTechnologies.
7
EquivalentWidearea,mul=‐modal,withsimilarA.A.I.C,andbuilt‐inintegrity.
Provides• Resilience• Robustness• Alterna=ve• Backup
LFasaSensor
LFasa
Sensor
8
Infrastructure1960’sto2000’s.
LargeSWAP‐C• Logis=cs• Maintenance• Personnel• Training• Installa=on
Yesterday
9
Infrastructure21stcentury.
VerySmallSWAP‐C• Smallfootprint• Autonomous• Efficient• Unmanned• Future‐proof
TodayandTomorrow
10
Timing&ControlCoordinatedTimeScale,transmiWerI/F,C3,signalanalysis.
Capabili=es• nsUTCsynchroniza=on
• GNSS/RNSS• TWSTTorTWLFTT
• Mul=‐modemonitorreceiver(s)• LFDataChannel(s)• Advancedmodula=on,signals,waveforms
TechnologyExistsToday 10.5’
11
TransmiWersState‐of‐the‐art;highperformance;patentpendingpowerrecovery.
NautelNLSeries• VerysmallSWAP• >75%efficient• Self‐healing;hot‐swappable• (e)Loran,(e)Chayka• LFPhoenix™advancedmodula=on,signals,waveforms
TechnologyExistsToday 10.5’
12
“eLoran‐in‐a‐Box”“Triple‐T”:Temporary,Tac=cal,orTransportable.
FieldTested• 4‐6hourssetup• ~125NMrange• Dual‐ratedw/LDC• 70’x70’x70’InvertedPyramid• Subs=tutedRydertruckforCONEX
TechnologyExistsToday
Equipment Truck
Telescoping Antenna Supports
Antenna Tuning Unit
13
ReceiversMul=‐mode“SDRs”for(e)Loran,(e)Chayka,andLFPhoenix™.
Horizon1Markets• dLoranReference• Time,Timing,&Frequency• OEM(Mi#gator™shownatright)• Scien=fic,research,ASFsurvey• Mari=me
TechnologyExistsToday
14
ReceiveAntennaeEvolvingtoreduceSWAP‐C.
E‐andH‐Field• Indoor• Time,Timing,&Frequency• dLoranReference• Mari=me• Scien=fic,research,ASFsurvey• (e)Loran,(e)Chayka,LFPhoenix™
TechnologyExistsToday
1.5” x 1.5” x .75”
E‐Field
H‐Field
6” x 6” x 2”
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Coopera=vePromotesR&D,TechnologyTransfer.
Evaluate• Widearea=metransfer• IndoorT,F,&Drecovery• ImprovedalignmenttoUTC• PerformanceasinputtoCIKR• Advancedwaveforms&signals• Advancedmodula=ontechniques
TheCRADA
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CRADA:EarlyResults
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LFPhoenix™1.2kWERP226kmdistance
IndoorTests• Firstblush• Uncontrolledenvironment• H‐Fieldantennae
EarlyTimingResults
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IndoorTimingTrials
6” x 6” x 2” H-Field Receiver set for 1 second integration 1-sigma value: 3.42 ns (raw measurements)
1.5” x 1.5” x .75” H-Field Receiver set for 32 seconds integration 1-sigma value: 112.76 (raw measurements)
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CRADA:NextUp
Receiver can determine:
Tprop = Tprop_1 + Tprop_2 (via LF data channel message)
ΔT = Tprop_1 – Tprop_2 (via direct measurement)
Tprop_1 and Tprop_2 can be solved independent of ASF values (!)
Receiver can recover time w/o offsets due to propagation:
When receiver is on the baseline between transmitters
Under the assumption that propagation is a linear phenomenon
Applies to eLoran and LFPhoenix™ techniques we have tried so far
20
Safeguardingourcri=calInfrastructure
GPS+LF
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