wildlife management species. unit map set up unit name: wildlife management unit essential question:...

Wildlife Management

Species

Unit Map Set Up

Unit name: Wildlife management

Unit Essential Question: How can we manage wildlife to provide the best biodiversity?

Lesson Essential Question

What are the different species of wildlife?

History

Mammals, birds, and fish enabled the early pioneers to survive.

Meat=foodskins=shelter and clothingOil from animal fat=kept firearms

usable and light in cabins

History

Species of wildlife, such as bears and cougars were killed because they were a ‘threat’

Niche

Niche- Role an organism or population plays within it community or ecosystem

Why is this important?

Species- Rare

Rare- populations are very small and usually in one area

EX: snowy owl (Harry potter), blue-footed boobies (Galapagos islands), clouded leopard (Asia), woolly mammoth (Siberia), star-nosed mole (eastern North America)

Species- Rare Snowy Owl

Species- Rare Blue Footed Boobies

Species- Rare Clouded Leopard

Species- Rare Woolly Mammoth

Species- Rare Star-nosed Mole

Species- Threatened and Endangered

Threatened species- a species that is likely to become endangered in the near future

Endangered species- in danger of becoming extinct

Species- Endangered DE

Bald Eagle (24 species of Birds)

Species- Endangered DE

Red-headed Woodpecker

Species- Endangered DE

Reptiles: 6 species, 5 are turtles, and Corn Snake

Species- Endangered DE

Amphibians- Eastern Tiger Salamander and Barking Tree frog

Species- Endangered DE

Mammals- Delmarva Fox Squirrel

Species- Endangered DE

Fish- Atlantic Sturgeon

Species- Endangered DE

Mollusks- 6 species, Yellow Lampmussel, Brook Floater

Species- Endangered DE

Insects- 9 species, little white tiger beetle, frosted elfin, rare skipper, and more

Species- Extinct

Extinct species- no longer exist outside of museums and photographs

Species- Extinct Passenger Pigeon

Species- Extinct Carolina Parakeet

Species- Extinct Heath Hen

Activity:

Research Extinct animals. Pick a species, research how they

became extinct. Are there any regulations that

came out after they became extinct?

Wildlife Management

Habitat and Population Control

Warm-up

What was special about your extinct species?

Lesson Essential Question

How is population controlled?

Habitat Requirements for Wildlife

Food:Herbivores(plant eaters)Carnivores

(meat eaters)Insectivores

(insect eaters)

Frugivores (fruit eaters)

Omnivores (eat many different foods)

Spermivores (seed eaters)

Habitat Requirements for Wildlife

Food:Euryphagus- consumes great

variety of foodStenophagus- animal that eats a

specialized diet

Habitat Requirements for Wildlife

Cover:Animals must have a place to

protect them from weather conditions.

EX: fences, trees, water, furrow, etc.

Habitat Requirements for Wildlife

Water: Most important requirement. Bodies of most animals consist of 60-80% water

Water important for blood composition, temperature regulation, and nutrient transport

No water= no wildlife

Habitat Requirements for Wildlife

Home Range- area which game travels

Territory- area an animal will defend even to death

Home range will overlap

Population Control

Every animal reproduces.Why aren’t we over run with

mice?

Population Control

All species need shelter, food, water and safety area= habitat

Limiting factors- something that will limit the species. Food, water, sunlight, predators, disease or something else.

Population Control

Carrying Capacity- no single species can ever reproduce without limit.

Population Control

• Logistic curve- shows how population of an organism in a given habitat grows at an increasing rate until limiting factors start to slow and eventually stop the population increase altogether.

Population Control Methods

Hunting Re-Introduce Natural PredatorsControlled BurnsPrevent Human Feeding of

AnimalHigh Fencing around crops and

Plants

Activity

Owl Pellet dissection lab

Activity

Extinction: Is it inevitable?

Wildlife Management

Game Management Procedures

Warm-up

Name the ways to control population.

Lesson Essential Question

How is game managed?

Game Management

Game Refuges- land set aside for the protection of wildlife species.

Provides basics for survival (no hunters)

No protection once leave refugeNo protection from natural

predators

Game ManagementHabitat Development –

development and improvement of food, water, and shelter for wildlife

Fences for CoverWoodland Management- allow

livestock to graze (decrease in game) or not graze (increase in game)

Game Management

Coordination with other resourcesWork with farms to leave a row or two of crops for wildlife feed

Game Management

Hunting RegulationsHunting-killing of game for food or

pleasureBag limits- restrict the # of

animals one can take per day, season, etc.

Game ManagementHunting RegulationsBison crisis created solutions to

over huntingHunting controlled on public and

private landsHunting seasons and closed

seasons change each year in accordance to population size.

Game Management

Predator Control- based on 2 beliefs

Medium sized and large predators can be dangerous to people

Predators can be a threat to domestic livestock and wild game

Game Management

Beneficial Predators1. Control on prey species by # of

predators controlled

2. Predators feel on pests (rats and mice)

Game Management

Beneficial Predators3. Predators control practices

keep species in a healthier condition

4. Predators help maintain improved game by killing weak and handicapped individuals

Game ManagementArtificial Stocking- stocking of

game natural to the area or the introduction of species new to the area

New species- to introduce new or additional species to an area or to supply predators for population problem. Dangerous

Game Management

Artificial Stocking2 principles carefully examined:

Wildlife biologist must examine the desired population density (# of game animals in a defined area)

Estimated Carrying Capacity

Game Management

Artificial StockingEstimated Carrying Capacity

Population increase- environmental problems

Too much game= starvation, unhealthy animals, disease problems

Game ManagementIndividual Landowner Game

Management. ReadingCreate a drawing of what you would include using hand out and book.

Write a description of what you included and why.

Wildlife Management

Legislation and Game Management

Warm-up Name the 6 ways of game

management.

Lesson Essential QuestionWhat legislation is enacted for

wildlife management?

Lacey Act of 1900

First major law for wildlifeMade it a federal offense to

transport illegally taken wildlife across state boundaries

Migratory Bird Act of 1929

Provide refuges for migratory birds

Broader statement of the Lacey Act

Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act of 1934

Gave federal government a way of raising money for acquiring lands for migratory game birds

Pittman-Robertson Program and Dingell-Johnson Act of 1950

Two lawsExcise tax on guns,

ammunition, and tackle by states

Funds raised went to fish and game departments

Lea Act of 1948

Provided federal land for use as waterfowl feeding areas to lure birds from private cropland

Endangered Species Act of 1966

Gave the authority of examining and recommending procedures protecting rare and endangered species to the Fish and Wildlife Service

Book Work and Review

Pg. 330 Discussion Questions

Quiz Review