wildlife ppt.sar amazingg wildlife in india ..!!!!
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WILDLIFE IN INDIA
SOCIAL FA 1
VIDEO ON WILDLIFE
Acknowledgment
I Would like to thank my school principal and my class teacher Mrs.Veena for giving me a good opportunity to do this projectI would also like to thank my friends for helping me do this project.
CONTENT1.Introduction to wildlife2. Fauna3.Our colonial forest polices4.Biosphere Reserves5. Conservation of wildlife6. Types of wildlife resources7. Project tiger8. National parks9.Wildlife sanctuaries10. Bibliography11. Conclusion
Indian Wildlife
IntroductionThe Wildlife in India is a mix of species of
different types of organisms.
It is home to tigers, lions, leopards, snow leopards, pythons, wolves, foxes, bears, crocodiles,
rhinoceroses, camels, wild dogs, monkeys, snakes, antelope species, deer species, varieties of bison and
not to mention the mighty Asian elephant.
The region's rich and diverse wildlife is preserved in 89 national parks, 13 Bio reserves and 400+ wildlife sanctuaries across the country.India has some of the
most biodiversity regions of the world and hosts three of the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots – or treasure-houses – that is the Western Ghats, the
Eastern Himalayas and Indo- Burma
Since India is home to a number of rare and threatened animal species, wildlife management in the country is essential to preserve these species. According to one study, India along with 17 mega diverse countries is home to about 60-70% of the
world's biodiversity
India is home to several well-known large mammals,
including the Asian Elephant, Bengal Tiger, Asiatic Lion,
Leopard, Sloth Bear and Indian
Rhinoceros, often engrained culturally and
religiously, often being associated
with deities.
Some other well-known large Indian
mammals are: ungulates
such as the rare Wild
Asian Water buffalo, common Domestic
Asian Water buffalo, Nilgai,
Gaur, and several
species of deer and antelope.
Some members of
the dog family, such as the Indian Wolf, Bengal Fox and Golden
Jackal, and the Dhole or Wild Dogs are also
widely distributed.
It is also home to the
Striped Hyena,
Macaques, Langurs and Mongoose species.
Fauna
Biosphere reservesThe Bio-reserves in India are:Achanakmar-AmarkantakAgasthyamalaiDibru SaikhowaDihang DibangGreat NicobarGulf of MannarKachchhKangchenjungaManasNanda DeviThe NilgirisNokrekPachmarhiSimlipalSundarbansCold desertseshachalam hillsPannaof
Eight of the eighteen biosphere reserves are a part the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB) list.
Gulf of Mannar Biosphere ReserveNanda Devi Biosphere ReserveNilgiri Biosphere ReserveNokrek National ParkPachmarhi Biosphere ReserveSimlipal National ParkSundarbans Biosphere ReserveAchanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve
Conservation of resourcesWildlife is one of the most gracious gifts of nature to this land, which is as rich in its variety and colors as its number.The majestic lion, the grateful yet fearsome tiger, unproductive leopard, powerful elephant, the nimble deer, attractive antelope, the picturesque peafowl, the gorgeous pelican, the beautiful parakeets, wood-pecker and the elegant flamingo are some of these of which any country might be proud.
There are 312 species of mammals, 1175 species of birds, 399 species of reptiles, 60000 species of insects and 181 species of amphibians and 46610 species of plants. Over the past 2000 years about 106 species of animals and about 140 species of birds have become extinct because of climate and geographic changes and also by over hunting by man for food, medicine, fur and many other reasons. According to ecologist more than 600 species of animals and birds are expected to be extinct if not protected by wildlife management.Wildlife Management is an ancient phenomenon. Vedas contain hymns in praise of animals. Sanatana Dharma has linked some animals with the specific God or Goddess as the best way of conservation of wildlife.
The need for conservation
The need for conservation of wildlife in India is often questioned because of the apparently incorrect priority in the face of direct poverty of the people. However, Article 48 of the Constitution of India specifies that, "The state shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country" and Article 51-A states that "it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife and to have compassion for living creaturesLarge and charismatic mammals are important for wildlife tourism in India, and several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries cater to these needs.
Our colonial forest policesAt the beginning of the 19th century more than two-thirds of the land mass in India was lying uncultivated (Singh, 1986). As lands close to village habitations were enough to satisfy the subsistence needs of the people, forests remote from habitations were generally never over-exploited. Often these virgin forests were concentrated in infertile highlands, where lived India’s indigenous communities, called adivasis or tribal's. The British presence from the late 18th century onwards started making a difference to land and forest usage in IndiaOn forest lands, ‘human resource-use practices such as grazing, product collection, and temporary or rotational swidden farming were rejected as a basis for ownership, even when taxes were paidBy the turn of the last century some 20 million hectares (m ha) of land was brought under a category of forests called Reserve Forests (Stebbing 1926). These were used exclusively for producing timber by the Forest Department (FD) and the surrounding villagers had no rights other than the ones explicitly permitted by the State.
The second process of extending government control over forests was through acquisition of private forests
The larger tracts were handed over to the Forest Department generally as PF, and the rest were vested in the village panchayats which are under the overall supervision of the Revenue Department.
First, after the abolition of the princely states and landlordism, all uncultivated lands under their control became vested in the State.
The fear is not baseless as the Bihar Private Forest Act and similar other enactment’s did precisely this in the past, by "nationalizing" private trees.
Even as late as 1987 a SIDA team promoting farm forestry in South Bihar encountered tribal's' fears that if they planted trees their lands would be taken away by the government
(GOB, 1987).
For several years after this take-over an impression has continued in the villages that if trees are planted on private lands, not only would the trees belong to Government but land on which such plantation takes
place would also revert to Government.
These laws were passed by the various state governments in the two decades following Independence. Massive felling of trees took place from these forests because of the fear that these forests would be
nationalized, as indeed they were in the 1950's and 60's.
Project tiger
Project Tiger,
started in
1972,
is a major
effort to
conserve the tige
r and its
habitats.
Launched on April 1, 1973,
Project Tiger
has become
one of
the most
successful conservation ventures in modern
history.
The project aims at tige
r conservation in
specially
constituted
'tiger reserves' which are representative of various bio-geographical regions falling within Indi
a.
It strives to
maintain a viable tige
r population in
their
natural environment. Today, there are 39 Project Tiger wildlife
reserves in
India
coverin
g an area
more
than of 37,761 km²
.
After
this Project Elephant, though less known, started in
1992
and works for elephant
protection in
India
Goals & Objectives Project Tiger was meant to identify the limiting factors and to mitigate them by suitable management.
The damages done to the habitat were to be rectified so as to facilitate the recovery of the ecosystem to the maximum possible extent.
The potential tiger habitats being covered are:[Sivalik–Terai Conservation Unit (Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal), and in NepalNorth east Conservation UnitSunderbans Conservation UnitCentral Indian Conservation UnitEastern Ghat Conservation UnitWestern Ghats
National symbols of India
National animal: Tiger (Panthera Tigris)National Heritage animal of India: ElephantNational aquatic animal: Ganges River Dolphin.
National bird: PeacockNational flower: LotusNational tree: Banyan
National Parks in IndiaDepending on the area and terrain, National Parks provide ample opportunities to the visitors to have close encounters with the wilds. But what is so exquisite about the Indian National Parks is the variance that they are equipped with. Whether it comes to the flora, avifauna, and aqua fauna, or witnessing various wild forms in their natural surroundings on an elephant or inside a jeep, wild ventures are simply amazing!
Some of the best jewels of Indian wilderness include the Great Himalayan National Park, Dachigam National Park near Srinagar, Corbett National Park in Uttar Pradesh, which is also a famous tiger reserve, Ranthambore National Park in Rajasthan, and Sundarbans National Park in West Bengal. Worth visiting in the East Indian part in "The Land of Rhino" Assam is Kaziranga.
Wildlife Sanctuaries
Wildlife SanctuariesWandering about in a
wildlife sanctuary
and witnessing the wildlife therein can be quite an
adventurous experience.
elephants, deer and predators
catching their prey in their
natural habitat is
much more exciting than watching a
wildlife documentary on television.
Such as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary known as largest bird sanctuary in
Asia, which is much more famous as a refuge of
migratory birds like barons, ibis, pelicans and painted storks that make it their temporary home
during the winter months.
Two splendid protected habitats
situated in the Himalayan
foothills are the Jim Corbett
National Park and The Dudhwa
National Park that provide an
unforgettable wildlife
experience.
The most pleasant time
to visit any wildlife
sanctuary in India, with the exception of Dachigam is the months
between October and
March.
RELATED PICTURES
Bibliographywww.wikipedia.com
www.forestpolices.comwww.conservingforests.inwww.google.comwww.youtube.comwww.wikimedia.com
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Done By, Sadhana-
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