wind turbine testing powerpoint
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Testing of Wind Turbines
S.A.MathewUnit Head-Testing
Centre for Wind Energy Technology,Chennai
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Requirement of TestingBenefits of Testing
Overview of testing
Power performance Testing
Load measurements
Yaw Efficiency
Safety and Function Testing
Instrumentation
Wind Turbine Testing
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Calculations
Prototype
Load measurements, Power Curvemeasurements, Safety and Function Test,
Yaw Efficiency and Power Quality
Difference betweencalculated andmeasured loads
Adjust Aeroelastic model
Turbine forcertificationprocess
Designassumptionsas perstandard
CommercialProduction
Performance measurementsUser specified measurements
Requirement of Testing Concept
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Design Design house
Manufacturer
Performance Design house
Safety Manufacturer
Type Certification Investor
Policy makers
Benefits of Testing
Measurements
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Wind Turbine Test Station, Kayathar
Located around 650 Kms from Chennai towards South.
Winds predominantly from the western direction
Site conforms to the recommendations of IEC standards regarding obstacles, terrain and wind
Two test beds with necessary infrastructure to test wind turbine capacities upto 400 kW and 1250 kWavailable and can be upgraded as per the requirements of customers
Services accredited as per the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2005
Wind Rose at WTTS
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Overview of Testing International Standards
Power PerformanceTesting
Safety andFunctionTesting
Load Measurements
Yaw Efficiency
IEC-61400-12-1
IEC-61400-1
IEC TS -61400-13
IEC TS-61400-13
IEC-61400-1
IECTS-61400-13
Descriptionof thewind turbine
Information of theControl panel
-Current Transformers-Status relays for grid and brake-Pitch signals-Rotor Speed-Active, Reactive and frequencytransducers
Information required forLoad calibration
-Blade Certificates-Rotor weights withC.G of rotor-Engineering drawingsof rotor,tower and shaft-Information on the loads thatcan be pulled at specificdistances from the root
-Information regarding the yaw system-General layout of the nacelle for the installationof the high speed ,low speed sensors and cabling.-Engineering drawings for placement of straingages on the rotor,blades,shaft and the tower-Availability of slip rings for signals from therotating parts
StructuralTesting ofRotorBlades
IEC-61400-23
Power QualityMeasurements
IEC-61400-21
NoiseMeasurements
IEC-61400-11
Accredited
services
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Power Performance measurements
Demonstrates the capability of a wind turbine to produce electricalpower at different wind speeds
Power Performance measurements IEC 61400-12-1
Wind Speed [m/s]
Power[kW]
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InterfacePanel
UPS/Power System
ControlPanel
Wind Speed at two
levels,
Wind Direction,
RH, Temp & Pressure
Signal and
Supply line
Signal and Supply line
Signal and Supply line
Active,ReactivePower,Frequency andStatus signals
Rotor SpeedPitch Signals
Power Performance measurements Overview of measurement setup
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Evaluation of the site and Selection of the site
Locating the wind mast.
Defining a suitable measurement sector after themapping of terrain and obstacles in the predominantwind direction.
Establishing proper flow distortion correctionfactors in terrains of complex nature.
Selection and Installation of test Equipment.
Data Acquisition and analysis.
Data Reporting. Uncertainty Calculations.
Power Performance measurements Methodology
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0.1 0.5445
0.2 0.576
0.3 0.5915
0.4 0.588
0.5 0.5625
0.6 0.512
0.7 0.4335
0.8 0.324
0.9 0.1805
Power Performance measurements
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vrCvACP wpairwrpair
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Betz Limit
0
0.10.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Disturbed ws/Undisturbed ws [V2/V1]
Cp
[]
Binned Power Curve
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Load measurements IEC TS 61400-13
Environmental
Electrical
Conditions Affects
Wind turbine lifeSafetyReliabilityOther environmental
Wind
Electrical network
Normal
Extreme
Recurring
Rare
Design loads
Criticalcombinations
DLCSIEC 61400-1
MLCSIEC TS 61400-13
GravitationalInertialAerodynamicActuationOther loads-Wake,impact,iceetc
Aero elastic modelscodes
ShortcomingsUncertainties
Validation bymeasurements
Steady state
Transient
MLCS defined in relationwith DLCS
All DLCS not verifiable
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Load measurements IEC TS 61400-13
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IEC TS 61400-13Load measurements
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Meteorological
parameters
Loads
Otherparameters
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Selection of places in the wind turbine to measure loads
Strain gaging and instrumentation
Calibration
Measurement and Analysis of data
Load measurementsTechniques
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Load Calibration Rain flow counting
Application of known loads
Using information of blade, rotor
nacelle weights and COG
Zeroing of loads by slow
rotation of the rotor
measurementBefore After
Measurements are
configured properlyBraking test
Measurements are reasonableand comparable
Load ranges versus No of cycles
Equivalent load-short handdescription of the fatigue
impact in a givenmeasurement time history
Weighted Equivalent load-
Weighting the transient andsteady state occurrences
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18/30Load measurements Braking Test
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The yaw efficiency test indicates the capability of the windturbine to follow the wind
Difference between the wind directionand the yaw position
Design considerations-Requirementsfor test
Affectsof higheryawerror
Reduction inElectrical power
Increase inmechanical loads
DLC 6.1-yaw misalignment of up to 15 using thesteady extreme wind model or a mean yawmisalignment of 8 using the turbulent extremewind model
DLC 6.2-effect of wind direction change of 180shall be analysed
DLC 6.3- 6.1-yaw misalignment of up to 30using the steady extreme wind model or a meanyaw misalignment of 20 using the turbulentextreme wind model
Measurement possible under operatingconditions
Measurement possible under operatingconditions
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Yaw Efficiency IEC 61400-1,IEC TS 61400-13
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Function Tests
Safety and Function Testing IEC 61400-1,IEC TS 61400-13
Start upNormal stop TestEmergency stop TestVibration TestYawingCable Twist
Normal stop TestEmergency stop TestGrid failure without simulation of errors in braking systemGrid failure simulation of error in one independent braking systemGrid failure simulation of error in second independent braking systemRotor Over speedGenerator over speed
Cut in current measurement
Protection tests
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Safety and Function Testing IEC 61400-1,IEC TS 61400-13
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Cabletwist
FunctionTest
IEC 61400-1,IEC TS 61400-13Safety and Function Testing
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IEC 61400-1,IEC TS 61400-13Safety and Function Testing
NormalStart
P
rotection
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Safety and Function Testing
NormalSto
p
Protection
IEC 61400-1,IEC TS 61400-13
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Safety and Function Testing
Emergency
Stop
Protection
IEC 61400-1,IEC TS 61400-13
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OverSpeed
Protection
IEC 61400-1,IEC TS 61400-13Safety and Function Testing
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Instrumentation
Accuracy
Range
Compatibility of sensors with Data AcquisitionEquipment
Installation
Proper mounting TechniquesTrained manpower
ConceptsInstrumentation
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You can reach me @Telephone:044 2246 3992
mathew@cwet.res.in
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