window cleaners effects on euglena algae john wearden grade 9 central catholic high school
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Window Cleaners Effects on Euglena AlgaeJohn Wearden
Grade 9Central Catholic High School
Include any chemical used as a cleaning product intended for use on a surface
May include chemicals that are potentially toxic
May runoff and harm organisms
Long term effects, unclear
Window Cleaners
Eutrophication
Caused by an overabundance of nutrients in an ecosystem
No limiting factor on algae populations
Uncontrollable growth takes up resources for other organisms-oxygen
Limits biodiversity
Can occur naturally
Active Ingredients2-Hexoxethanol Chemical Formula C8H18O2, coalescing agent, can cause depression and kidney failure, severe irritant
Ammonium Hydroxide Chemical Formula NH4OH Can cause breathing complications if inhaled
Windex
Active IngredientsAmmonia NH3, if inhaled can lead to lung damage and death
Glycol Ether Can cause severe liver and kidney damage, as well as fatigue, lethargy, and anorexia with chronic exposure.
Giant Eagle Window Cleaner
Active Ingredients
Acetic Acid - CH3COOH, mild irritant
Green Shield
AlgaeLarge diverse group of simple, and usually autotrophic organismsBasis of the aquatic food chainUsed as as a bio-indicator for aquatic environments
Algal - like protistSurvives in both fresh and salt waterPerforms photosynthesis and endocytosisBecomes dormant in negative conditionsNo cell wallCommon experimental model
Euglena gracilis
Flagellated, unicellular green algaeCommonly found in fresh waterGenerally light sensitiveCommon experimental modelNo cell wall
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
To determine the effects various window cleaners have on algaeTo examine the effects of window cleaners on algal population density
Purpose
Null Hypothesis: The window cleaners will not significantly affect algal or survivorship
Alternative Hypothesis: The window cleaners will significantly affect algal survivorship
Hypothesis
micro pipette (1000µL)tips for micro pipette30 test tubes (borosilicate 13x100mm)4 tube racks45 mL euglena gracilis45 mL chlamydomonas reinhardtii84 mL spring water90 mL of soil water7 mL Windex window cleaner7 mL Giant Eagle window cleaner7 mL Green Shield window cleanerCarolina spectrophotometerwax paperlarge window
Materials
Procedure
1. Created a stock solution of 10% and 1% for each window cleaner.2. Window cleaners, algae, spring water, and soil water were used to create the following solutions.
1% .1% .01% .001% and 0%.
Solution Table
0 .001 .01 .1 1
Algae 1 1 1 1 1
Variable 0 .05 .5 .05 .5
Spring Water
3 2.95 2.5 2.95 2.5
Soil Water 1 1 1 1 1
Procedure (continued)
3. Tubes were placed in racks recieving equal sunlight from the same window.4. Every other day absorbance reading were taken using a spectrophotometer set at 430nm.
Statistical Analysis
ANOVA
Compares variation within groups to variation between groups. If a p-value is less than the alpha .05 it suggests that the null hypothesis can be rejected.Dunnett’s Test
Compares each experimental group to the control group individuallyEach experimental group is then compared to t-crit value of 3.5
Day 6: P-value .002Day 14: P-value .003above alpha .05
Day 6: P-value .0001Day 14: P-value .018above alpha .05
Day 6: P-value .006Day 14: P-value .173above alpha .05
Day 6: P-value .568Day 14: P-value .003above alpha .05
Day 6: P-value: .004Day 14: P-value: .006above alpha .05
Day 6: P-value .544Day 14: P-value .868
Dunnett’s TestEuglena Windex
EuglenaGiant Eagle
EuglenaGreen Shield
Chlamydomonas Windex
Chlamydomonas Giant Eagle
Chlamydomonas GreenShield
Day 6 4.37285 sig 3.49276 sig 2.60912 (did not have an alpha of .05)
3.38217 sig (did not have an alpha of .05)
Day 14 5.67261 sig 3.28561 sig (did not have an alpha of .05)
4.30152 sig 3.26012 sig (did not have an alpha of .05)
Alpha: 3.05
ConclusionAccept the alternative hypothesis for the Windex cleaner and Giant Eagle cleaner.
All were determined as having significant long term effects.
Reject the alternative hypothesis for the Green Shield cleaner
None were determined to have significant long term effects
Limitations and Extensions
LimitationsThe growing period occurred during the middle of December, different effects may rise with more sunlight
ExtensionsFurther chemicals can be isolated to determine which causes the effect or which combination causes the effect.More diverse species could have been used to better model an ecosystemMore replicates could be used to nullify any outliers
References
http://www.epa.gov/http://www.windex.com/http://www.gianteagle.com/http://www.ewg.org/http://www.britannica.com/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/
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