wireless technologies and the modern organization

Wireless Technologies and the Modern Organization

Wireless• It is a term used to describe telecommunications

in which electromagnetic waves, rather than some form of wire or cable, carry signal between communicating devices.

• It enables mobile computing, mobile commerce, and pervasive computing.

• It is the ability to communicate anytime anywhere and provides organizations with strategic advantage by increasing productivity and speed and improving customer service

Terms to define• Mobile computing – refers to a real-time, wireless

connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as internet and intranet.

• Mobile commerce – also m-commerce – refers to e-commerce (EC) transactions that are conducted in a wireless environment, especially via the internet.

• Pervasive computing – also called ubiquitous computing – means virtually that every object has processing power with wireless or wired connections to a global network.

Wireless Technologies

• Wireless devices – smart phones• Wireless transmission Media – microwave,

satellite and radio

Wireless devices

WAP – Wireless Application Protocol

• Is the standard that enables wireless devices to access Web-based information and services.

• WAP compliant devices contain which are internet browsers with small file size that can work within the confines of small screen sizes on wireless devices and relatively low bandwidths.

Wireless transmission media

• Wireless media, or broadcast media, transmits signals without wires over the air or in space:• Microwave• Satellite• Radio• And infrared

microwave

• Microwave transmission systems are widely used for high- volume, long distance, line-of-sight communication.

• Line of sight means that transmitter and receiver must be in view of each other

• Microware transmission are susceptible to environmental inference during severe weather such as heavy rains or snowstorms

Satellite

• Make use of communication satellites:– Geostationary (GEO) – Medium earth orbit (MEO)– Low earth orbit(LEO)

Radio Transmission

• Uses radio-wave frequencies to send data directly between transmitters and receivers.

• Travel easily through normal walls• Fairly inexpensive• Transmit data at high speed• Increasingly is being used to connect computers to both

peripheral and local area network• Can create electrical interference problems• Susceptible to snooping by anyone who has similar

equipment that operates in the same frequency

Infrared

• Infrared light is red light that is not commonly visible to the human eye.

• Use in remote control units used for tv’s, vcd’s etc.

• Used for short distance radio transmission• A transceiver is a device that can transmit and

receive signals.

Wireless transmission media

Advantages and DisadvantagesChannel Advantages Disadvantages

Microwave High bandwidthRelatively inexpensive

Must have unobstructed line of sightSusceptible to environmental interference

Satellite High bandwidthLarge coverage area

ExpensiveMust have un obstructed line of sightSignals experience propagation delayMust use encryption for security

Radio High bandwidthSignals pass through wallsInexpensive and easy to install

Creates electrical interference problemsSusceptible to snooping unless encrypted

Infrared Low to medium bandwidthUsed only for short distances

Must have unobstructed line of sight

Types of Telecommunications Satellites

Type Characteristics Orbit Number Use

GEO Satellites remain stationary relative to point on earthFew satellites needed for global coverageTransmission delay(approx .25 second)Most expensive to build and launchLongest orbital life

22,300 miles

8 Tv signal

MEO Satellites move relative to point on earthModerate number needed for global coverageRequires medium powered transmissionNegligible transmission delayLess expensive to build and launchModerate orbit life

6,434 miles

10-12 GPS

Type Characteristics Orbit Number Use

LEO Satellites move rapidly relative to point on earthLarge number needed for global coverageRequires only low-power transmitterNegligible transmission delayLeast expensive to build and launchShortest orbital life (5 years)

400-700 miles

Many telephone

Wireless computer Networks and Internet Access

• Short range Wireless networks– Bluetooth – an industry specification used to

create small personal area network – Ultra-wideband(UWB) – A high-bandwidth

wireless technology with transmission speeds in excess of 100 mbps

– Near field communication – (NFC) has the smallest range of any short range wireless network. Designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell phones and credit cards

• Medium Range Wireless network– Wifi – wireless fidelity – a medium range wireless

local area network which is basically a wired LAN but without cables: wireless access point, hotspot, wireless network interface card (WNIC)

– Wireless mesh Networks – use multiple WIFI access point to create a wide area network that can be as large as 135 mile network

• Wide Area Wireless network– Cellular Radio, 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G– Wireless broadband or wimax

1G & 2 G wireless devices

3G wireless devices

4GF Wireless devices