women empowerment-ms. amala john
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Women empowerment
Amala JohnIst year MSc nursing
Vedic period: Scholars believe that in ancient India(1500-1000 BC), the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life, had freedom to choose partners for marriage. Daughters were not considered as liability or unwelcomed guest in the family
Age of Manusmriti (500 – 200 BC): Women were not given freedom at any point of time in her life. Not marring a girl before the age of 14 years was a sin.
CONCEPTS
DEFINITION
The creation of an environment where
women can make independent
decisions on their personal
development as well as shine as equal
as in the society.
1. Domestic violence
CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN
Acid Throwing
Dowry
Female infanticide and sex-selective
abortion
Rape
Sexual harassment
Trafficking
PRE-REQUISITES OF
EMPOWERMENT
• Active participation in social economic and political
spheres.
• Process of decision making empowerment.
• Desired self-respect.
• Social dignity.
• Involvement of women in decision making process.
FACILITATING FACTORS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Acknowledging women’s rights
Freedom to take decisions and makechoices.
A Access to education and employment
Opportunities for political participation
Existence of women’s organisations.
Favourable media coverage
RIGHTS OF WOMEN
the right to work as a human being.
The right to the same employment opportunities, including application of the same criteria for selection.
The right to free choice of profession and employment, the right to promotion, job security and all benefits and conditions of service and right to receive vocational training and retraining.
The right to equal remuneration.
The right of social security as well as the right to paid leave.
CONSTRAINING FACTORS FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
• Heavy work load of women.
• Illiteracy.
• Traditional views limit participation.
• No funds.
• Disagreements/conflicts among women's groups.
• Negative and sensational coverage of media
STATUS OF WOMEN IN
INDIA
Women status in three phases:
In ancient India
In medieval India
In modern India
Medieval Period Sati system, child marriage, purdah, devdasi, ban on widow remarriage
Women Status In Medieval India
Women Status In Modern India
Annie Besant 1st female president of INC -1917
Sarojini Naidu
1st Indian female president of INC - 1925
next generation will be empowered
because of her.
financial burden of man can be
shared with her support.
family can be more strong because
of both working hands.
when financial problems will be
shared than results of conflict.
LEVELS OF EMPOWERMENT
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT
POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT
LEGAL EMPOWERMENT
EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
Economic Empowerment of women
Poverty Eradication
by offering them a range of economic and social options, along with necessary support measures to enhance their capabilities
Micro Credit
strengthening of existing micro-credit mechanisms and micro-finance institution will be undertaken so that the outreach of credit is enhanced
Women and Economy
Their contribution to socio-economic development as producers and workers will be recognized in the formal and informal sectors (including home based workers) and appropriate policies relating to employment and to her working conditions should be drawn up.
Globalization
Benefits of the growing global economy have been unevenly distributed leading to wider economic disparities, the feminization of poverty, increased gender inequality through often deteriorating working conditions and unsafe working environment.
Women and Agriculture
Concentrated efforts should be made to ensure that benefits of training, extension and various programmes will reach them in proportion to their numbers.
Women and Industry
comprehensive support in terms of labour legislation, social security and other support services to participate in various industrial sectors
Support Services
child care facilities, including creches at work places and educational institutions, homes for the aged and the disabled
POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT
The global average of women holding parliamentary seats (18.6 percent) is far from the target of 30 percent set in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.
Many factors hinder women’s political participation, such as
political parties being slow to respond to Women’s interest,
under-investment in women’s campaigns,
cultural barriers, and
their domestic and social responsibilities.
Indian Penal Code, 1860 :
Section 304(b) -murder of women in connection with demand of dowry.
Sections 312 to 318 -miscarriage.
. Section 366-A deals -procuration of minor girls for sexual purpose.
Section 376 -punishment for rape
Section 498-A -women to cruelty by her husband or relatives
S. 509- punishment for uttering words and gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman
FOCUS AREAS OF MISSION
Access to health
Drinking water
Sanitation and hygiene facilities for women
coverage of all girls
Higher and professional education for
girls/women
Skill development
Integrated child
protection scheme
Vocationalization of
secondary education
Higher and technical
education.
to address the specific vulnerability of each of group of women in difficult circumstances
through a Home-based holistic and integrated approach.
Millennium development goals
Ministry for women and child development
National policy for empowerment of women
• National Policy For The Empowerment Of
Women ,2001
Goals and objectives:
(i) Creating an environment through positive economic and social
policies for full development of women to enable them to realize their
full potential.
(ii) The de-jure and de-facto enjoyment of all human rights and
fundamental freedom by women on equal basis with men in all spheres
– political, economic, social, cultural and civil
(iii) Equal access to participation and decision making of women in
social, political and economic life of the nation
Goals and objectives
iv) Equal access to women to health care, quality education at all levels,
career and vocational guidance, employment, equal remuneration,
occupational health and safety, social security and public office etc.
(v) Strengthening legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms of
discrimination against women
(vi) Changing societal attitudes and community practices by active
participation and involvement of both men and women.
(vii) Mainstreaming a gender perspective in the development process.
(viii) Elimination of discrimination and all forms of violence against
women and the girl child;
(ix) Building and strengthening partnerships with civil society.
RAJIV GANDHI SCHEME FOR ADOLSCENT
GIRLS(SABLA)
NATIONAL MISSION FOR
EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
FOCUS AREAS OF MISSION
Access to health, drinking water, sanitation and hygiene facilities for
women.
Coverage of all girls especially those belonging to vulnerable groups in
schools from primary class .
Higher and professional education for girls/ women.
Skill development, micro credit, vocational training, entrepreneurship
development.
Gender sensitization and discrimination.
Taking steps to prevent crimes against women and taking steps for a safe
environment for women.
MISSION POORNA SHAKTI
SWAYAMSIDHA SCHEME:2001
.RASHTRIYA MAHILA KOSH SCHEME
.STEP SCHEME
.INDIRA MAHILA YOJANA
.BALIKA SAMRIDHI YOJANA
.SWA-SHAKTHI PROJECT
MAHILA SAMRIDHI YOJANA
THANKS
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