working of water treatment plant

GP315

PLANT UTILITY

Quiz – (minimum 4) 30%

Theory Test – (minimum 2) 40%

End-of-Chapter – (minimum 3) 30%

WATER TREATMENT WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMSYSTEM

AZMIR IQBAL BIN IBRAHIM

All natural waters contain suspended or All natural waters contain suspended or dissolved inorganic or organic chemicals dissolved inorganic or organic chemicals to some degree. Whether they are to some degree. Whether they are present in high enough concentration to present in high enough concentration to be considered as impurities depends on be considered as impurities depends on the water use.the water use.

• Remove all the impurities in water to ensure the water Remove all the impurities in water to ensure the water is suitable for the intended use.is suitable for the intended use.

• The impurities can be classified as;The impurities can be classified as;

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

INTAKE MIXING POINT AERATION SEDIMENTATION TANK

FILTERCHLORINESTORAGE

CHLORINEMIXING POINTWATER TANKCONSUMER

ALUM AND LIMEPROCCESS AND

STORAGE

INTAKE

• Intake of water from major source to water treatment plant

• 2 types of intake; Surface Intake Submerged Intake

MIXING POINT

• Alum (aluminium sulfat) and Lime (CaO) added to the raw water.

• Then the water will be transferred to aeration tank.

AERATION TANK

• The process of bringing water and air into The process of bringing water and air into close contact to remove or modify close contact to remove or modify constituents in the water.constituents in the water.

• Function to remove the air and gases from the Function to remove the air and gases from the water.water.

• Example; CO2, and hydrogen suphideExample; CO2, and hydrogen suphide

• Adding oxygen into the waterAdding oxygen into the water

• Remove unwanted odour from water.Remove unwanted odour from water.

SEDIMENTATION TANK

Sedimentation processes are used to clarify turbid and/or colored waters, and are used in conjunction with chemical precipitation to remove dissolved impurities such as iron, manganese , calcium, and magnesium compounds, as well as silica and fluorides.

• The formation of floc occurred here

• The flocs will settle down at the bottom of the tank.

• ‘Scrapers’ will push the flocs to the hopper at the bottom of the tank.

• Eventually only clean water will remains in the tank.

FLOCCULATION

• The water treatment process following The water treatment process following coagulationcoagulation, which uses gentle stirring to bring , which uses gentle stirring to bring suspended particles together so they will form suspended particles together so they will form larger, more settleable particles called larger, more settleable particles called flocfloc.

• Floc which is big and heavy will evetually settle down in settling tank.

FILTRATION

• Filters are used in water treatment to remove relatively low concentrations of suspended matter when a high clarity is needed.

They are constructed in a variety of materials (concrete, steel, fiberglass, etc.), are either open-gravity or enclosed pressure type, and for downflow or upflow filtering.

• The filter media is typically silica sand, or a combination of sand and anthracite.

The media is selected and sized for the particular application and performance desired.

Filter House - where final clarification takes place

Water in Filter

Rapid Sand Filters

CHLORINE MIXING POINT

• Adding chlorine to the water.

• Chlorine will remove all the dangerous bacteria in the water

• The water is now potable

Treated Water PumpTreated Water Pump

Lower ReservoirLower Reservoir

Elevated ReservoirElevated Reservoir

Thank You..