workplace safety, ergonomics & manual handling modules

OSH in Office & Occupational Stress.

Presented by: Assoc. Professor Abdul Shukor bin Abdullah

Workplace Safety and Health Assessment

Process.

Presented by:ASSOC. PROF. ABDUL SHUKOR BIN ABDULLAH

Email: prof.shukor@gmail.com

Types of Work Place Hazards Physical Hazards Mechanical Hazards Biological Hazards Chemical Hazards Ergonomics Hazards Psychosocial Hazards

Unsafe Act - Performance of a task or other activity that is conducted in a manner that may threaten the health and/or safety of workers. Examples are :

Operating without qualification or authorization. Lack of or improper use of PPE. Failure to tagout/lockout. Operating equipment at unsafe speed. Failure to warn. Bypass or removal of safety devices. Using defective equipment. Use of tools for other than their intended purpose. Working in hazardous locations without adequate protection or warning. Improper repair of equipment. Wearing unsafe clothing.

Sources of Ergonomics Hazards

Unsafe Condition - A condition in the work place that is likely to cause property damage or injury.Examples are:

Defective tools, equipment, or supplies. Inadequate supports or guards. Congestion in the workplace. Inadequate warning systems. Fire and explosion hazards. Poor housekeeping. Hazardous atmospheric condition. Excessive noise. Poor ventilation.

Sources of Ergonomics Hazards

Job Hazard Analysis

Purpose of Job Hazard Analysis

• A hazard analysis is the evaluation of the hazards associated with an employee’s work activity

• A hazard analysis focuses on “fixing” the system or root causes that brought the hazardous condition or unsafe practice into the workplace– Provides organized approach for the evaluation of

a process – Identifies hazards, root causes and corrective

actions.• A hazard analysis attempts to incorporate “Safe

Behavior” – Behaviour-based Safety (BBS) into the normal operating procedures.

Hazard Analysis for OSH Committee/Mgmt Team

• OSH Committee must:

– Identify hazards in the workplace that could result in injury or illness

– Evaluate the level of risk to help determine what controls to implement

– Select an appropriate solution to control the hazard and/or protect

the employee.

Root Causes

• Potential root causes of injuries include:

– Lack of knowledge

– Lack of physical ability– Prior training that included

unsafe practices– Previously unidentified

hazard– Newly introduced hazard

resulting from process or equipment change.

Overcoming workplace hazardsHIERARCHY OF CONTROLS

• Hierarchy of controls to mitigate risk

Use combination of one or more mitigation techniques

Engineering Controls

• Engineering controls eliminate exposure to the hazard by: - Isolating the employee from

the hazard- Improving (redesign) work

area layout- Substituting less hazardous

product- Modifying equipment

Administrative Controls• Administrative controls

reduce employee exposure to a hazard by:

– Reducing the frequency of performing the hazardous task

– Rotating employees to reduce exposure time

– Training employees to recognize hazards and employ safety practices.

Work Practices

• Work practice controls include:– Workplace rules– Safe & healthful work practices– Personal hygiene– Housekeeping and maintenance– Procedures for specific operations

PPE• OSHA requires employers to

provide PPE to reduce employee exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative controls are not feasible or effective

• PPE alone should not be relied on to protect against hazards; other uses include guards, engineering controls, and sound manufacturing practices.

Evaluate Effectiveness• Assess how well the JHA process is “fixing” hazardous

conditions by:– Updating JHAs for routine and non-routine task– Ensuring JHAs were developed for all new processes – Conducting routine self-inspections– Examining Industrial Hygiene reports– Reviewing investigation findings for injuries and near misses– Following up on employee concerns.

• Incorporate evaluation into Annual Program Evaluation process.

GROUP ACTIVITIES

Job Hazards Analysis (JHA)

Safety, Health & Environmental (HSE) Risk Assessment

Fishbone Diagram Analysis

Action Plan

Safety, Health & Environmental (HSE) Risk Assessment

Task Hazards Risk Severity

Ranking  Control 

Delivering product to customers

Drivers work alone May be unable to call for help if needed

 2? 3?

 ENGINEERING CONTROL??

Drivers have to occasionally work long hours

Fatigue, short rest time between shifts  5?  ADMINISTRATIVE

CONTROL??

Drivers are often in very congested traffic

Increased chance of collision

Longer working hours

Drivers have to lift boxes when deliverying product

Injury to back from lifting, reaching, carrying, etc.

Severity Ranking

Effect of hazard

54321

Fatal injury/DeathPermanent disabling injuryDisabling injuryInjury causing time off workFirst aid only

Fishbone Diagram (cause and effect)

RiskHighest Risk

2nd Largest RiskLeast Risk

3rd Largest Risk

Hazards

Cause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Cause

Discussion & Conclusion

Thank you.

Assoc. Professor Abdul Shukor bin Abdullah

HP: 012-2731434 Email: prof.shukor@gmail.com

HSE Blog: http://profshukor.blogspot.com/