world history staar review spring 2013. ancient civilizations tab
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Ancient Civilizations
• Map goes on the Ancient Civilization tab•Color the ancient river valley civilizations different colors so that your notes can be color coded.
Ancient Civilizations
• Add timeline
8,000 B.C.
Neolithic Revolution-Transition from food gathering to food producing
3,000 B.C.
•Sumerian writing, bronze, wheel, plow• Egyptian civilization begins
2500 B.C.
Indus Valley Civilizations
1800 B.C.
Babylonian Empire
700 B.C.
Rise of Greek city-states
Egyptian Civilization (3100 B.C.-330 B.C.)
• Nile river supported the Egyptians who built their civilization along its banks
• Wrote in hieroglyphics on papyrus (first paper)• Great pyramids housed mummified remains of pharaoh• Superior math, science, medicine, and technology
Mesopotamia (3100 B.C.- 540 B.C.)
•“The land between two rivers”•Sumer/Sumerians considered the first civilization that lived in this region•Cuneiform- first writing system developed by Sumerians•Invented the first wheel and irrigation•Code of Hammurabi- Babylonian king wrote first laws in history•Persians finally ended Babylonian rule
Indus River Valley (3300 B.C. – 500 A.D.)
•Third ancient river valley civilization; developed near Indus River•Two advanced cities: Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. Laid out on a grid with advanced drainage and sewage system• Aryan invaders brought the writing of Sanskrit and philosophy of Hinduism• 600 B.C.- Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism• 321 B.C. – Mauryan Empire established by Chandragupta; Golden Age of India
Ancient Chinese Civilizations (1600 B.C.- 220 A.D.)
•Developed near the Huang He/ Yellow River in China• 1600-1046 B.C.- Shang dynasty produced silk, bronze, and first language of China• 1045-256 B.C.- Zhou dynasty replaced Shang dynasty stating that they had lost the Mandate of Heaven, or that God has given them the right to rule.
World Religions TabReligion Founder Symbol Text Location/
SitesMono/polytheist
Connections
Christianity Jesus Bible Middle East, Israel, Jerusalem
Mono
Judaism Abraham Torah & Talmud
Middle East, Israel, Jerusalem
Mono Abraham patriarch of all three mono religions
Islam Muhammad Koran Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem
Mono 5 Pillars:BeliefWorshipCharityFastingPilgramige
World Religions TabReligion Founder Symbol Text Location/
SitesMono/polytheist
Connections
Hinduism Universal ruler
Vedas &Upanishads
India Polytheist Both Hindus & Buddhists believe in reincarnation
Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama/ Buddha
4 Noble Truths/ 8 Fold Path
India Way of living/philosophy
3 religions originate in India
Confucian-ism
Confucius Analects China Way of living/ philosophy
Sikhism Guru Nanak Gurmukhi India Way of living/philosophy
Pre-Columbian Civilizations
• Color the areas of the map different colors to represent where the Incas, Mayans, and Aztecs lived
•Map should go in the Classical Era tab
Pre-Columbian CivilizationsInca Maya Aztec
Time Period 1200-1572AD 400BC-1517AD 1200-1521AD
Economy Farming (corn, cotton, potatoes), terraces
Farming (corn, beans, squash), trade
Farming (corn, beans, squash, tomatoes)
Religion Many gods, some human sacrifice
Many gods, sacrificed animals, some humans
Many gods (sun god), lots of human sacrifice
Government King at center, war is for conquest
Well organized city-states with kings, war is for tribute
Powerful king, highly centralized, war for captives and tributes
Technology Terraces, irrigation, medicine, roads
Writing, math, architecture, calendar
Architecture, calendar, chinampas
End of civilization Civil war & Spanish invasion
Abandoned cities, disappeared
Spanish invasion
Greece & RomeGreece (c. 750BC)
Location: Balkan peninsulaReligion: Greek mythology, many godsArts: Theatre (Drama), sculpture, philosophyDemocracy- rule by the peoplePersian Wars- series of wars between Greece & Persia (5th century B.C.Peloponnesian War- war between Greece & Sparta (Sparta won)
Philosophers: Aristotle, Socrates, PlatoAlexander the Great- conquered the largest empire of the ancient worldHellenistic- blend of cultures with Greek after Alexander’s conquests
Greece & Rome
Rome c. 500 B.C.Location: West side of ItalyGovernment: Senate w/ 2 consulsPunic Wars- 3 wars between Rome & Carthage;
Hannibal is Carthage’s greatest generalFirst Triumvirate- Caesar + Crassus + Pompey, try
to reform Rome, broke apartFall of Rome: civil war/unrest, division of
empire, corruption, invaders Eastern half of empire (Byzantine) flourished
Middle Ages
Religion• Church is a unifying
force• Religion affects daily
lives• Crusades-wars to
regain holy land (resulted in expanded trade, decline of pope’s power, king stronger)
Empire Building• When the Roman
Empire fell, Europe dissolved into small kingdoms
• Charlemagne & Otto
Power/Authority• Feudalism- lords
with estates hold power/ exchange land for services
• Power struggle between political leaders & pope
• Magna Carta- limited King’s authority
Middle Ages
Bubonic Plague- deadly disease that swept through Europe & killed 1/3 of population
Hundred Years War- conflict between England & France on French soil (1337-1453)
RenaissanceVocab• Humanism- focus on human potential &
achievements• Secular- worldly/concerned with here & now
Notable WorksMachiavelli’s The Prince ShakespeareGutenberg’s printing pressLeonardo da VinciRaphaelMore’s Utopia
Northern Art: Christianity, church, God, nature
Southern (Italy) Art: Greek & Roman mythology, gods
Reformation
Reformation- movement for religious reform
King Henry VIII broke with Catholic church & became head of Church of England 1529
He wanted a divorce since his first wife didn’t give him a son
• Renaissance challenged church authority•Martin Luther, with 95 Theses, challenged church
• Luther’s ideas spread, created their own group (Lutherans)• Protestants- non-catholic Christians
Age of Exploration
Columbian Exchange- exchange of goods & ideas between the old and new world
Diseases from Europe killed millions of Native Americans
Atlantic Slave Trade- buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas. By 1870 ~9.5 million Africans imported as slaves
Renaissance prompted exploration for “God, Gold, & Glory”
VOCABFavorable Balance of Trade- sell more goods than you buyJoint-stock- investors pool their wealth for a common purpose & share profitsMercantilism- country’s power depends on its wealth
Age of ExplorationNotable Explorers• Chris Columbus- tried to find a new
trade route to Asia; landed in the Caribbean instead
• Amerigo Vesupucci- travelled around South America
• Hernando Cortes- defeated the Aztecs & their emperor, Montezuma II
• Francisco Pizarro- conquered Incas
European nations created a trading empire in Africa, India & SE Asia
Pilgrims & Puritans came to the New World seeking religious freedom
French & Indian War- conflict between French & British over land claims in N. America
Asia During Exploration Advances under Ming & Qing dynasties left China self-contained & uninterested in
European contact Zheng He led 7 exploration voyages in 1405 Tokugawa regime unified Japan & began a 200 year period of isolation, autocracy, &
economic growth Japanese practiced a type of feudalism where the daimyo is the figureheads
Shang
• 1600-1046BC• Writing, bronze, pottery, silk
Zhou
• 1045-256BC• Loose central government• Feudal power held by strong nobles• Confucius
Qin
• 221-206 BC• Military dictatorship• Desroyed nobles’ feudal power• Taxation• Great Wall and Terra Cotta Warriors
Han
• 206-220AD• Expanded empire & trade• Buddhism• Civil service system
Tang
• 618-906AD• Reunited China• Education & government reforms
Song
• 960-1279AD• Paper money, compass, printing, porcelain, gunpowder
Yuan/
Mongol
• 1259-1368AD• Mongols (central Asian nomads) conquer Asia;
Genghis & Kublai Khan
Ming
• 1368-1644AD• Overthrew Mongols• Encouraged trade with Europe
Qing
• 1644-1912AD• British imperialism, opium wars, western pressure• Ended with Chinese republic (Mao Zedong)
Chinese Dynasties TabIndia, Africa & Muslim World
Muslim World ExpandsThe Ottomans established a Muslim empire that
combined many cultures & lasted more than 600 years
Art, literature, astronomy, architecture, history, mathematics
India
• Mughal Empire brought Turks, Persians & Indians together in a vast empire
• Arabs invaded India; then Mongols invaded• Central power in India weakened while
Western Europeans began to exploit them • Caste System
Africa
• North & Central Africa developed hunting-gathering societies, stateless societies, & Muslim states
• West Africa contained several powerful empires & states (Ghana, Mali)
• Gold & Salt• Arabic world significantly influenced West Africa• East & South African states gained wealth & power
through trade• Mansa Musa went on a hajj & left behind significant
wealth on his journey
Age of Revolutions (Top half of Flap)French Revolution
Enlightenment Ideas
Discontent of 3rd estate
Social/economic injustice
French Revolution1789-1799
Execution of monarchs
Rise of Napoleon
Decline of French Power
• Radical social & political turmoil• Absolute monarchy collapsed for ideas on liberty, equality & fraternity• ~40,000 people killed during Reign of Terror• Napoleon rises to power, considered a great military general for
conquering a large part of Europe• Ended with an establishment of a constitutional monarchy
Age of Revolutions (Top half of flap)American Revolution
Taxation w/o representation
No longer identify with British
Enlightenment ideas
American Revolution1776-1781
A democratic republic established
Bill of Rights/ Constitution
American Nationalism
• 13 colonies join to break from British empire• Articles of Confederation led to weak national government• Constitution & Bill of Rights focus on Enlightenment
Age of Revolutions (Top half of flap)Latin American Revolutions
• 1789-1900• Spurred by discontent & Enlightenment ideas,
peoples in Latin America fought colonial rule• Haiti- first successful slave revolt• Simon Bolivar- Venezuelan general liberated
most of South American countries from Spanish rule
Age of Revolutions-Bottom half of flapScientific Revolution
Scientists question accepted beliefs
Renaissance inspired curiosity
Reformation ideas
Scientific RevolutionMid-1500s
New model of universe (Galileo)
Newton explains law of gravity
Enlightenment
Age of RevolutionsEnlightenment
Philosopher Idea
Locke Natural Rights (life, liberty, property)
Montesquieu Separation of power
Voltaire Freedom of thought, expression & religion
A revolution in intellectual activity changed European’s view of government & Society
Age of RevolutionsIndustrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution- output of machine-made goods; began in England during 18th century. Revolutionized agriculture, textile industry, & transportation
• Growth of cities, overcrowded• Poor working conditions• Emerging social classes
Economics/Political Theory
Types of GovernmentMonarchy- power rests with a single individual
(king/queen) Constitutional Monarchy- monarch has a role, but
limited political powerOligarchy- rule by fewFascism- dictator led government based on
nationalismRepublic- power rests with the people (democratic);
exercised by chosen representatives
WWI/Great War (1914-1918)
Vocab• Nationalism- loyalty to
one’s country• Militarism- glorifying
military power• Triple Alliance- Germany,
Italy, & Austria-Hungary• Triple Entente- Russia,
France, & Britain
• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand set off a chain reaction within the alliance system that resulted in the largest war in Europe.
• In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, & rival alliances set the stage for continental war
• Nations take sides: Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany) & Allies (G.B., France, Russia)
• War was fought on two fronts in trenches
• New weapons (poison gas, machine guns, tanks airplanes, submarines)
Continued on next slide…
WWI• Total war- countries used
all their resources• America joined after
Germans sank Lusitania• Russia withdrew from the
war after their revolution in 1917
End of War• Treaty of Versailles (1919)
League of Nations Germany loses territory Germany’s military restricted Sole responsibility on
Germany• New nations created, Ottoman
empire abolished• Lost generation of men
Russian Revolution (1917)Long term social unrest in Russia erupted in revolution, ushering in the first communist government
WWII (1939-1945)
Vocab• Great Depression- severe economic collapse
of U.S. stock market 1929• Winston Churchill- British prime minister• Holocaust- mass extermination of non-Aryans,
mostly Jews• Genocide systematic killing of an entire people
Sept. 1939Germany invades Poland; WWII begins
Jun. 1940France surrenders; Battle of Britain
Jun. 1941Germany invades Soviet Union
Dec. 1941Attack of Pearl Harbor Jun. 1944
Allies invade Europe on D-Day
May 1945Germany surrenders
Continued on next slide..
Cold War (1947-1991)
Vocab• Cold War- diplomatic hostility between the 2
superpowers after WWII• NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization;
defensive military alliance between N. America + W. Europe
• Warsaw Pact- a defensive military alliance between Soviet states
Cold War
• The conflicting aims between the U.S. & S.U. led to a global competition
• “Iron Curtain” came to represent Europe’s division b/w communist & democratic Europe
• The Cold War flared into actual wars (Korea & Vietnam)• After WWII, Chinese communists defeated Nationalist forces
and communist China emerged• Cold war superpowers supported opposing sides in Latin
American & Middle Eastern conflicts• Cold War finally began to thaw as the superpowers entered
an era of uneasy diplomacy
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