write down everything you know about genetics...
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Write down everything you know about
Genetics and DNA.
DNA & RNA
How do DNA and RNA control the structure and function of cells and of entire organisms?
3Why don’t you look exactly like your parents?1
How are traits passed to the next generation?
2
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To store genetic information that will eventually be translated into a protein.
Ribonucleic Acid(RNA) Single Stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid
(DNA) Double Stranded
Types of Nucleic Acids
Main Goal:Click to reveal
A Preview of DNA
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A nucleotide is the building block of DNA.
What is a Nucleotide?Click to reveal
3 Parts of a nucleotide• Nitrogen Base
• 5 Carbon sugar (deoxyribose/ribose) • Phosphate group
There are 4 nitrogen bases making up 4 different nucleotides.
PurinesAdenine
Guanine
Pyrimidines
Thymine
Cytosine
Nucleotides
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Contributors to the Discovery of DNA
Rosalind Franklin is a scientist who never truly received the credit she deserved in the Discovery of DNA. She was the first to use X-Ray diffraction to
produce an image of a DNA molecule.
Erwin Chargoff created Chargoff's Rules: DNA will have an equal number of guanines and cytosines because they bond together, as is true of Adenine and Thymine. This led to
his suggestion that nitrogen bases paired "Complimentary" to one another.
Watson and Crick are the famous due who won the Nobel Prize in 1962 for putting together all of the data
collected to show the final structure of DNA-a Double Helix.
Chargaff discovered that DNA contains the same amount of
adenosine as thymine
...and the same amount of cytosine and guanine.
c GGGc c
More on Chargaff's Rules
What does this imply about the nitrogen
bases and how they
bond?
Click to reveal
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Called a Double Helix.DNA is like a twisted ladder…
The sides are the alternating sugar and
phosphate groups.
The rungs are the nitrogen bases.
Where A always forms a Double bond with T
And G always forms a Triple Bond with C
Click the image below to have an interactive view into DNA
The relationship of DNA, Genes and Chromosomes
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RNA compared to DNA
What is RNA?
DNA must have a helper molecule. Sugar
RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid, and its sugar is Ribose
Sugar
RNA is single stranded. Sugar
RNA uses Uracil (U) instead of the base Thymine (T) Sugar
nitrogen base
nitrogen base
Pull the sugar molecules to complete the RNA nucleotide.
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When nitrogen bases pair together it is called Complimentary Base Pairing.
Complimentary Base PairingClick to reveal
TACCGCTACCAT
ATGGCGATGGTA
AUGGCGAUGGUA
TACCGCTACCAT
TACCGCTACCAT
What will the complimentary
strand of DNA be?
DNA Sample Strand What will the
complimentary strand of RNA be?
What differences and similarities have you discovered about RNA and DNA?
Compare and Contrast them in the Venn diagram below:
RNADNA
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1. Another name for Ribonucleic Acid: ____________ (RNA)
2. Another name for Deoxyribonucleic Acid is __________ (DNA)
3. In DNA Adenine always pairs with ________? Thymine
4. In both DNA and RNA Guanine always pairs with ________? Cytosine
5. In RNA Adenine pairs with __________? Uracil
Check Your Understanding
1. Another name for Ribonucleic Acid: ____________ (RNA)
2. Another name for Deoxyribonucleic Acid is __________ (DNA)
3. In DNA Adenine always pairs with ________? Thymine
4. In both DNA and RNA Guanine always pairs with ________? Cytosine
5. In RNA Adenine pairs with __________? Uracil
Check Your Understanding
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